Passive-nolaka indlela yokuxhumana. Esingakanani ukuba intukuthelo iphele yokwenziwa?

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini imvelo yokwenziwa-nolaka. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, liveza izici ehlukile. Cabangela eminye, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ubudlova yekwentiwa.

Uhlolojikelele

Passive-nolaka ubuntu hlobo elinesimo ukumelana evelele yezimfuneko zangaphandle. Njengomthetho, obstructive kufakazelwa nezenzo oppositional. uhlobo Passive-nolaka yokuziphatha lubonakaliswa ukuzindela, abampofu umsebenzi izinga, "Ngikhohlwa" izibopho. Ngokuvamile, izenzo zabantu azivumelani nezindinganiso owamukelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nobuntu yokwenziwa-nolaka umelana isidingo balandele imithetho. Yiqiniso, kungenziwa kulezi zici ebonwe abanye abantu. Kodwa ube imodeli emaphethini ukuziphatha e ubudlova yekwentiwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lolu hlobo nokuxhumana ubhekwa hhayi okungcono, akusiyo enezinkinga kakhulu, kodwa kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, kuze kuba isikimu wokuphila, ekuthiyeni kufezwe izimpokophelo.

abantu Passive-nolaka: izici

Abantu kulesi sigaba bavame ukuba qina. Bakholelwa ukuthi ngxabano oqondile kuletha ingozi. Through ukuhlolwa ubuntu kungembula izici nobuntu nokuziphatha. Ikakhulukazi, kulesi sigaba zabantu zikholelwa ingxabano eyodwa yezindlela ukugxambukela angaphandle ezindabeni zabo nokulawula. Lapho umuntu onjalo nesicelo ukuthi akakholelwa ufuna ukwenza inhlanganisela perturbations zangaphandle nezidingo ezikhona kanye nokudikibala kubangela ukusabela ngendlela evusa inkanuko. Passive-nolaka indlela yokuxhumana ingabe akuhileli ukudalwa kungenzeka ukwehluleka. Izibopho esikoleni noma emsebenzini abantu kulesi sigaba futhi uyathukuthela. Ngokuvamile, labo abasesikhundleni igunya, basuke kubhekwe abathambekele ukungabi nabulungisa futhi kobushiqela. Ngakho, ithambekele esola abanye izinkinga ezivukayo kuzo. Abantu abanjalo ongayiqondi nabuphi ubunzima bewakha ukuziphatha kwabo siqu. I abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umuntu yokwenziwa-nolaka Kulula ukushintsha isimo futhi ngingenathemba bathambekele ubone okwenzekayo. Laba bantu ugxile zonke ezimbi.

ukuhlolwa Personality

iphethini Ubude izindinganiso ukumelana in sphere professional kanye nomphakathi kwenzeka lapho isikhulile ekuseni. Lubonakaliswa zenhlalo ezahlukene. I ubudlova yokwenziwa kubonisa eziningi izimpawu. indoda:

1. Postpones umsebenzi, ke alihambisani lokho okudingekayo empilweni.
2. Uba encane emnyama noma iqala ukuphikisa indoda, ngimcela ukuba benze lokho afuna.
3. Ngamabomu ingasheshi noma akusebenzi.
4. Ukuzisholo emhlabeni nezidingo izidingo ephakeme.
5. Akukona agcwalise isibopho sawo, ebhekisela lokukhohlwa.
6. Sicabanga ngalokho owenza umsebenzi ongcono kakhulu kunabanye, kulinganiselwa.
7. Resents iseluleko esinikezwe ngabanye.
8. Lwenza izithiyo izenzo zabanye abantu, hhayi yokugcwalisa ingxenye yayo umsebenzi.
9. Adelele noma ukugxeka kulabo abanamandla.

Imininingwane zomlando

isitayela Passive-nolaka yokuziphatha iye yachazwa isikhathi eside. Nokho, kwaze kwaba iMpi Yezwe II umqondo esihlatshiwe lingasetshenziswanga. Ngo-1945, uMnyango neMpi abayichaza ngayo i- "Ukusabela beya" njengempendulo "ezivamile lempi esimweni esicindezelayo." It kubonakala akwenele noma singenamandla, passivity, ukuqubuka ubudlova, obstructionism. Ngo-1949, i-US-Armed Forces e lezaziso lobuchwepheshe ukuwo leli gama ukuchaza amasosha athole lesi sibonelo.

ngezigaba

Uhlelo DSM-mina ukuphendula izigaba ezintathu: yokwenziwa-nolaka, yokwenziwa-nolaka futhi wadinga usizo. Eyesibili besihambisana nesiminyaminya singenamandla, ukuthambekela ukubambelela ezizungezile, manqikanqika. Isigaba wokuqala nowesithathu ayehlukile ngesimo sawo ukuphendula ukukhungatheka (ukungakwazi ukwanelisa isidingo). uhlobo Bukhali, eziningi izici kokuba izimpawu 'idla yodwa, okubonisa ukucasuka. Indlela aziphatha ngayo ukubhubhisa ezahlukene. umuntu Passive-nolaka kwenza ukukhononda umuntu yisijaka, uqala ukubambezela, ekunciphiseni ekulenzeni libe namandla. Ngo DSM-II ukuziphatha okufana kungokwalabo wodwana. Kulesi izinhlobo nolaka izimpambosi ancike kufakwe iqembu "nezinye izifo."

ubufakazi Clinical zokuhlola

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isitayela yokwenziwa-nolaka yokuziphatha is kancane namuhla eyaziwa, amaphepha okungenani e ezimbili ethulwa izici zayo eziyinhloko. Ngakho, Koenig, Trossman futhi Whitman bahlola iziguli ezingu-400. Bathola ukuthi uphethwe ezivamile baba nje yokwenziwa-nolaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-23% wabonisa izimpawu ngezigaba ezibucayi. 19% eziguli ukuwugcina ngokuphelele, okuyinto uhlobo yokwenziwa-nolaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi PARL bubonakala abesifazane kabili kaningi njengokuthanda amadoda. Traditional isithombe lingaze kuhlanganisiwe nokucindezeleka (41% no-25% ngokulandelana). Encwadini izinhlobo yokwenziwa-nolaka futhi engaphansi yentukuthelo evulekile engasenamahloni ngu sesaba ukujeziswa noma benomuzwa wecala. Izifundo tiphindze olwenziwa Moore, Aligom futhi inhlaka. Babetadisha iziguli 100 unesifo disorder yokwenziwa-nolaka emva kweminyaka 7 no-15 kule ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi izinkinga indlela yokuziphatha ubudlelwane obufanele zikhalazo ezingokomzimba nezingokomzwelo izimpawu eziyinhloko. Abacwaningi baye bathola ukuthi ingxenye enkulu leziguli ezicindezelekile notshwala.

imicabango othomathikhi

Okutholakele, okwenza abantu PARL ibonisa yakhe negativism, ekuhlukanisweni nabantu bakaJehova, futhi isifiso sokuthutha ukhetha inkambo amelane. Ngokwesibonelo, noma yiziphi izicelo ziphathwa njengoba kubonisa okukhulu futhi akhathazayo. isimo sabantu siwukuthi uyena ngokuzenzakalela umelana esikhundleni sihlaziye abakufisayo. Ezigulini libhekene inkolelo yokuthi abanye bezama ukuyisebenzisa, futhi uma kuyintando kuzokwenza, ke kuyoba yize. Le ndlela engemihle isebenza kubo bonke ukucabanga. Isiguli ufuna incazelo engakhi iningi izenzakalo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho nemiphumela elihle futhi singathathi hlangothi. Lokhu kubonakaliswa kuyoboniswa nguMbusi ehlukanisa umuntu yokwenziwa-nolaka isiguli ocindezelekile. Kulo mBhalo, abantu ukugxila self-ukwahlulela noma imicabango engakhi ikusasa ozungezayo. Passive-nolaka umuntu ekholelwa ukuthi abanye bezama ukulawula ngaphandle ebahlulela ngenxa yokufaneleka. Uma umuntu uthola negative ukuphendula impendulo, ke izitshela ukuthi futhi kahle. imicabango okuzenzakalelayo ukhombise ukucasuka, okubonakala ezigulini. Ziyakwazi kaningi bagcizelele ukuthi konke okumele ngihambe ngayo kuzona indlela ethile yokuma. izimfuneko ezinjalo neqhaza ukunciphisa ukumelana ngokungadingekile ukukhungatheka.

ukufakwa ejwayelekile

Ukuziphatha kweziguli PARL eveza amaphethini abo engqondweni yethu. Ukubambezeleka, ikhwalithi embi umsebenzi ukuphazamiseka ngenxa isidingo ukwenza imisebenzi. Man imiswe nalokho anakho ukwenza lokho afuna. Ukubeka ngokuphathelene ukubambezeleka, ukulandela indlela okungenani ukumelana. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu uqala ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi kungaba ulinde kamuva. Ebhekene nazo imiphumela emibi dereliction wesibopho, azwakalisa Ukunganeliseki nabanye abanamandla. Kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ngokuphazima kweso sentukuthelo, kodwa cishe nakanjani kusetshenziswe izindlela yokwenziwa yokuziphindiselela. Ngokwesibonelo, enkulu yokuhlaselwa. Ngo kwengqondo, ukuziphatha kungase kuhambisane nokwenqaba ukuba babambisane ukwelashwa.

imizwa

Ezigulini ezine-kwezimo ezivamile PARL kuyoba ukucasulwa ubala futhi intukuthelo. Lokhu empeleni izinto uqondakala kahle, ngoba abantu bakholwa ukuthi ziyadingeka ukuze uzivumelanise nezindinganiso kabi amandla akhe, benza seye noma abangasiqondi. Iziguli ngokuvamile behluleka ukufeza imigomo yabo professional ensimini kanye nempilo yakho. Abakwazi ukuba baqonde indlela ukuziphatha kwabo kanye nezilungiselelo etholakalayo kuthinte ezingase ziphakame kuzo. Lokhu kuholela ukuqhubekisela phambili ukucasulwa ubala futhi ukunganeliseki njengoba phinde ucabangele ukuthi basola izimo. Imizwelo iziguli ngokwezinga elikhulu inquma abadalwe ngayo ukulawula zangaphandle kanye nencazelo izicelo yisifiso zinciphise inkululeko yabo. Lapho usebenzelana nabanye abantu balindela okwenza njalo izimangalo futhi, ngokufanelekile, abamelana.

Okudingekayo ukuze ukwelashwa

Isizathu esiyinhloko ekwelapheni iziguli usizo kukhona izikhalazo eziphathelene yokuthi laba bantu musa ukuphila ngokuvumelana okulindele. Ngokuvamile, abelaphi aphathe osebenza nabo noma abashade. Izikhalazo ezihlobene ukwenqena yamuva iziguli ukusiza imisebenzi yasendlini. Ukuze abelaphi ngokuvamile ukubhekana abaphathi, akazange asijabulele lesi izinga umsebenzi owawenziwa abangaphansi. Esinye isizathu sokuba ukuvakashela udokotela - ukucindezeleka. Ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo kubangelwa ukuntula ezingamahlalakhona ukukhuthazwa kanye emkhakheni professional kanye nempilo yakho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulandela indlela okungenani ukumelana naso, lo Ukunganeliseki njalo izidingo kungabangela inkolelo ethile kulokhu umuntu siwukuba akusebenzi. Ukucutshungulwa imvelo njengoba umthombo ukulawula futhi kuholela ekwakhekeni sengqondo esingafanele umhlaba jikelele. Uma kunezimo lapho iziguli uhlobo yokwenziwa-nolaka, ukulwela inkululeko nokubaluleka nenkululeko izenzo zabo, baqala ukukholelwa ukuthi bagxambukela ezindabeni zabo zonke nxazonke, bangase ukuthuthukisa ifomu ezinzima zokucindezeleka.