Ubani owabhala "The Hobbit, noma Kukhona futhi Back Again"

John Ronald kaRehuweli Tolkien - umlobi omkhulu, isazi esikhethekile omunye owabhala "The Hobbit" - wazalwa ngo-January 3, 1892 eBloemfontein, eNingizimu Afrika. Abazali bakhe lithuthele lapho lisuka England ngokuqondene nomsebenzi uyise u-Arthur. ngokushesha Tolkien yibo bobabili abazali: uyise ufile Afrika ngo-1896, ngemva Amanye amalungu omkhaya ebuyela eNgilandi, nonina, Mabel washona ngo-1904 eduze Birmingham. Ngemva kokufa Thuli phezu uJohane nomfowabo omncane Hilary anakekela umngane umndeni Frensis Morgan. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, Tolkien waya School iKing Edward, futhi wabe eseya Oxford.

Wafunda e-Oxford, Tolkien wafuna ukuthola degree ngolimi lwesiNgisi kanye nezincwadi. Waba nogqozi esikhethekile kolimi, sokutadisha izilimi. Ukutadisha -Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Saxon, futhi Welsh izinkondlo, waqhubeka izame ulimi eyabo. Ulimi nangentando yefomu isisekelo sakhe ngengqondo emhlabeni, aziwayo njengoba umhlaba omaphakathi.

Lapho futhi owabhala "The Hobbit"?

Ngo-1916, Tolkien wathola ngezinga washada isithandwa sakhe u-Edith Bratt. Ekugcineni, wathatha isikhundla uthisha e Oxford. Ngu-1929, yena no-Edith kwafika ingane yesine. Kule minyaka edlule njengendlela umlobi waqala izinganekwane yakhe enkulu ye umhlaba omaphakathi, iqoqo tindzaba letimfisha onesihloko esithi "I Silmarillion". Kulezi izindaba phezulu "The Hobbit" (1936), umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ishicilelwe. Indaba izingane elula mayelana insizwa ithatha ingxenye adventure omkhulu; ukudlala ithoni inoveli izithombe niyenzé hit, hhayi nje phakathi izingane kodwa futhi abadala. Akekho yakuhlupha owabhala "The Hobbit" - zonke igama lakhe kwakunguJohane phezu izindebe. Impumelelo noveli Tolkien alethwe lenqwaba abalandeli babemagange ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana izwe kangaka waze wadala emhlabeni ulimi lwakhe yasungulwa futhi ezinganekwaneni, kuphela ingxenye encane lapho kungatholakala "The Hobbit." Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, wonke umuntu wayazi owabhala "The Hobbit", a umhlaba omaphakathi, udrako Smaug futhi Bilbo.

Hobbit nasemaphandleni eyiNgisi

Uzungu simo nebalingisi bendzaba "The Hobbit", ungathola izisusa lasendulo-Anglo-Saxon futhi zaseScandinavia epics nobuqhawe ukuthi Tolkien wafunda ngesikhathi abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya England zabantu abasesigabeni esiphakathi zaziba. Ngezindlela eziningi, amahlaya nento noveli itholakala ukuhamba yasemakhaya eyiNgisi okulula-1930 e-nobuqhawe kulungiselelwa ephakathi. Tolkien wavuma ukuthi iqhawe lakhe, Bilbo Baggins, kukhotshelwe kusukela yasemakhaya eyiNgisi yesikhathi. Tolkien ndoda wabhala "The Hobbit" ngesiNgisi, sithembele hhayi kuphela umcabango wakho, kodwa futhi ku imvelo.

Ngesikhathi Tolkien waqala ukusebenza phezu kokuvikela "The Hobbit", yena wenza ubungani nabantazana omunye uprofesa Oxford nomlobi odumile CS Lewis, nombhali "I lwemilando Narnia." Ubungane babo eyathatha iminyaka eminingi. Tolkien futhi Lewis bahlale bekulungele ukugxeka umsebenzi nomunye eqenjini angakahleleki abalobi "Inklings".

Uyazi owabhala "The Hobbit" nesithi "Nkosi we Izindandatho"?

Kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1959, Tolkien waqhubeka ukufundisa wafunda e-Oxford futhi wabhala trilogy "iNkosi Izindandatho" njengoba kokuvikela "The Hobbit." Trilogy ulilethele inkazimulo Tolkien eNgilandi Melika, kodwa akaze sobala. Waqhubeka ukusebenza ne "Silmarillion" nezinye izindaba ezimnandi Fairy, ngokuphila ukuphila ethule. Nakuba kufaneleka ukukhathazeka emphakathini, wazizwa ekhululekile phakathi kwabantu ongaswele, lapho ayengase ukubhala ucabange. Tolkien washona ngo-September 2, 1973, ngakho "Silmarillion" ihlelwe futhi ngemva kokushona kwakhe indodana yakhe Christopher ngo-1977.

Bilbo Brave futhi ezimisele

The main theme kule noveli "The Hobbit, noma Kukhona futhi Back Again" kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa Bilbo wayeyiqhawe. Incwadi iqala Bilbo libonakala umfundi Hobbit unamahloni, ekhululekile njalo beseyama azithele ngabandayo yabo imbobo yakhe iphephile kancane Bag End. Lapho Gandalf uthi kuye ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuba wathatha uhambo ne dwarves ka Thorin, Bilbo kuba umbono wesabeka kangaka ukuthi ufikelwa. Kodwa ngokuhamba noveli sibona ethuthuka kanjani, ubuso ebhekene ukubhekana nengozi nobunzima asekele kwesitatimende sangaphambilini Gandalf ukuthi lo msebenzi kancane has a lot ezingaphezu kuka kubonakala efika kuqala.

Bilbo efihle izinqolobane of kwangaphakathi namandla ukuthi ngisho Hobbit awukwazi ukuthatha sina. Eqonda ngqo le kumathroli, kunjalo indandatho Gollum, akubulawe isicabucabu, wokutakula dwarves e Mirkwood futhi ukhulume ubuso nobuso nge udrako omkhulu Smaug - konke lokhu Bilbo yanginika amathuba okuthola konke ukuhlolwa kwakhe isinqumo. Bilbo uba iqhawe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlolwa noma wamnikeza phetho.

Dzhon Tolkin - owabhala: "INkosi we Izindandatho" futhi "The Hobbit", lezi imisebenzi emikhulu. Umthombo oyinhloko ugqozi indalo yabo kwakungama-imibhalo ye nendumezulu lasendulo (ikakhulukazi zaseScandinavia futhi-Anglo-Saxon epics ezifana Beowulf), okuyinto Tolkien wafunda e-Oxford. Tolkien wabhala incwadi alethwe ibe yimpumelelo enkulu futhi wambeka "Ubaba" fantasy yesimanje. Ngo-2008, i-Times, yena zibalwa yesithupha uhlu abalobi 50 enkulu British kusukela ngo-1945.