The French imbongi Pol Elyuar: Biography nemisebenzi

Phakathi izimbongi French kwekhulu lama-20 baningi abantu abanamakhono ngempela. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izenzakalo mlando eYurophu "libukelwa phansi" isidingo abantu ngoba eliphezulu nezincwadi zanamuhla, iqembu labantu zokudala bakwazi ukwakha art entsha, okuyinto ekugcineni yatholakala imvume phakathi kwabantu.

Omunye Abadali "ukungena kwezincwadi ezintsha" kwaba Pol Elyuar. Imbongi uye babhekana nezinhlekelele eziningi, kodwa akazange ayeke endleleni eya izinhloso zayo eziyinhloko - ukudala ukubukwa entsha yokuphila nobuhlobo ngcono izinhlobo zolimi. Adume Pol Elyuar, lapho engazalwa ngalo, ukuthi wahlala, impumelelo yakhe yendalo nangeZwi ukwehluleka siqu - bonke laba ukwazi fan of izincwadi ezilotshwe ababhali French.

Iminyaka yokuqala yaleli khulu imbongi

Eugène-u-Emile-Paul Grendel (i-alias Pol Elyuar) wazalwa ngo-December 14, 1895 ku Saint-Denis, France. Kakade ngo-1908, sibonga uBaba hle deal uPawulu, owayehlangene ingcebo, umkhaya wathuthela Paris. Ngokuvamile, Grendel base bekhulile ukukhokhela izindlu ezinhle kanye nokungcebeleka, nakuba babengesibo ocebile kakhulu.

Eugène-u-Emile-Pol Ros smart kid ne zinethuba lokuthuthuka. Akanalo inkinga ngokufaka ephakeme kokuqala Academy, uthola isitifiketi ezikhombisa izinga eliphezulu. Amacebo - ukuqhubeka nemfundo yabo nomsebenzi omkhulu.

Kodwa ikusasa elingenazinkinga buthaka impilo: ngo-1912, ngesikhathi evakashele Switzerland, imbongi omkhulu esizayo ukubona esingamahlalakhona yamaphaphu, njll - sofuba. Izifundo kwadingeka ashiye bese uya esibhedlela bekwaba ngu-1914. Kodwa naphezu kwezinkinga zempilo, inkathi oluphakeme nempumelelo Pol Elyuar ihlangabezana nomkakhe esizayo - Elena Dyakonov. Beautiful, ohlakaniphile, smart intombazane njengoPawulu shazi.

Washeshe uwina inhliziyo uPawulu, futhi uqala ukubhala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Indlela ukutshela lapho imbongi izinkondlo lokuqala bagcwala boyish, kwalotshwa bokuhamba, kodwa sensually. Bese kufika iqoqo lokuqala, onikeza Eluard ngezindleko zakhe siqu.

"Gala", ngothando eyaziwa ngokuthi Elenu Elyuar, ngamandla ukuba iRussia. Lovers Ufuna ukushada, kodwa unina Fields ngokumelene komuntu umshado onjalo. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kungaba nomthelela imbongi owesifazane, futhi kuyoba kushukumisa main. Nakuba okokuqala njalo ukusebenza ngosuku lwesibili, wacabanga Pol Elyuar - umndeni. Izithombe okuye kwalondolozwa kuze kube namuhla, abonisa ukuthi kwasekuqaleni, walifaka iSilekeleli Sokwazisa.

War - njengoba isigaba esisha lokusungula

Ngo-1914, Eluard viva ngaphambili. Eminyakeni embalwa ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo, uPawulu uphoqelekile ukuba 'ahlale "esibhedlela. Elapho kulo kuqala enenkolelo yokuthi impi "ubuso nobuso", uqala wacabanga ngokuphila kwakhe.

Kufika 1917 Eluard futhi akusho ukuya phambili. Impilo engeyinhle kwenza uqobo eyaziwa, ewusizo impi, angebe. Khona-ke kukhona imisebenzi yakhe entsha sihlanganise amaphupho bobusha futhi kanzima idwala impi. Yathela ngisho notebook encane izinkondlo "Duty", lapho ngokokuqala ngqa esisayinwe mbumbulu uPawulu Eluard - nesibongo ugogo.

On the front imbongi uwela khona amasonto ambalwa, lapho ngenxa zimo ezimbi ngenxa yezinkinga zakhe zempilo kokuqala. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho phakade kwagxila ezisenkumbulweni imbongi kanye ukuthonywa kuye. UPawulu wayazi ukuthi enkathini entsha siyeza, eqonda ukuphila umehluko isosha imisele, futhi ekhaya isosha.

Entsha kuqala inkathi yangemva kwempi

Ngo-1917 waphindela eFrance Gala noPawulu ekugcineni uyamthatha abe ngumkakhe. Elena nezinkumbulo impi babe ugqozi eyinhloko imbongi, umnikeza nesifiso sokuphila. Ngemva konyaka, umndeni has a indodakazi Cecile noPawulu ukhiphe iqoqo "Tinkondlo e nenkathi yokuthula."

Ngemva Kwempi France nezazi akusho ithemba. Abamele yobuciko noma kushintshwe izisekelo ezintsha kanye nemikhuba ethandwayo, noma "into kwekhulu." Ulimi namasiko nakomagazini babe zifane, futhi kwakunesidingo okuthile okusha.

Dada ngemisebenzi Eluard

Ngokushesha, Pol Elyuar, "Uzithola" phakathi amalungu omphakathi, "Dada." Kube ayeya abantu bengazilawulela khona isigcino efanayo, labo banesithakazelo sokuthuthukisa amasiko eFrance Europe. Lapho, imbongi omkhulu esizayo engamtholi hhayi kuphela eduze naye abangane umoya, kodwa futhi ukuze uqale ucwaningo etemibhalo.

Ngokushesha, uPawulu uqala umagazini siqu ngokuthi "Khaya" (Proverbe). Kukhona eshicilelwe eziningi imisebenzi yakhe, kanye eminye imisebenzi Dadaists. Kodwa ubuhlobo nozakwethu kuwohloka, imibono yabo washintsha, futhi ngo-1924, uPaul, ngemva nilwe omunye amalungu eqembu, uyobuqeda imisebenzi yayo kule "Dada", nakuba uhlala ngungqondongqondo ngemuva iqembu iminyaka eminingi.

Inkathi art surreal

Ngo-1924, ukuphila Eluard iza amnyama band. Izinkinga zomkhaya, noma ama-agumenti nabazali, ukuntuleka "abangane" kudalwa ithonya elibi isimo imbongi, futhi unquma ukuya Marseille. Ngemva kokukhishwa kukamagazini i ka "Ukuze angafa ngoba awazange afe," evele eshiya ngaphandle kokutshela umuntu, ngisho nezihlobo bakhe abaseduze, kuhlanganise nomkayo, ukholelwa ukuthi ufile.

Ngesigamu ngonyaka ukuhamba emhlabeni, ngemva kwencwadi kumkayo e-Asia iza kanye Maksom Ernstom noPawulu ngemva kokufika kwakhe ekhaya ezincikene "isidumbu" iqembu. Outlook pamphleteers ababecabanga surrealism esizayo zokudala ephelele, efana umbhali futhi ngavula emingceleni entsha izinkondlo zakhe futhi temibhalo yephrozi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iYurophu ngafunda ukuthi Pol Elyuar - imbongi isiFulentshi, ukubizwa ngokuthi okukhulu. ubuntu bakhe kwenza abantu revolution, okusebenza nsuku zonke ukuthola abalandeli abasha, kodwa uPawulu wazithola-facets entsha, engavamile ngisho oluyinqaba ikhono lakhe.

Love Triangle: Eluard, Gala futhi Dali

OFakazi wangaleyo nkathi ukuthi ubudlelwane noPawulu nomkakhe babeyizikhonzi engavamile. Bobabili khulula komunye nomunye, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wahlala iminyaka eminingi ndawonye. Kuthiwa uPawulu Gala ngisho obala washintsha nomunye, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, baye saba qotho nemindeni yabo.

Ngo-1929, Gala noPawulu ukuya umngane omusha imbongi - Salvador Dali. Pol Elyuar wayefuna ukwethula umkayo ungungqondongqondo, singenalo noluncane ulwazi lokuthi ujwayele iphenduke uthando unxantathu. Imizwa phakathi uDali, kanye Galoy uvele cishe ngokushesha, futhi kwalolu mbimbi entsha waya kuzuze kokubili.

Pol Elyuar, nakuba babedabukile ngokuhamba ngumkayo, akukho eziyihlazo zokufumbathiswa iconsi. Wavele kwesokunxele, waya round uhambo emhlabeni. Esikhathini esizayo, Salvador Dali ngisho ukudweba isithombe uPawulu futhi simbonge "muse" bakhe abasha. Ngokushesha kuvela ukuthi Gala uDali ukusiza ngempela ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo lokusungula ukufinyelela phezulu.

Pol Elyuar, ogama biography nokunye wayegcwele ezahlukene isikhathi esibi, sasinda ngokulambisa lokhu ngokuhlukana.

uthando okusha Eluard

esikhathini esingeside uPawulu ngisele ngedwa, ngokushesha indima "Muse main" kuthatha uMariya Bents - umdansi, umculi kanye umbhali ngaphansi mbumbulu we NSE. It babengafani Gala ohlakaniphile for isizotha sakhe, ubulula nokuzola. Ngo Nush kwaba isiphetho kuhle nzima, okuyinto sabonakala ukuziphatha kwakhe. Wazalelwa futhi wakhulela emndenini ka ezulazulayo abaculi, ngakho wayazi yonke "izintelezi" wokuphila emgwaqweni.

NSE wavula facets entsha ithalente uPawulu, kulethwa umsebenzi wakhe isici esisha igama elithi "uthando." Phakathi eside engu-16 Nush wahlala enkabeni umphefumulo yonke imbongi. Uthando uyafa lapho ngokungazelelwe ngo-1934 uyafa Nush omunye emigwaqweni Paris.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba eJalimane lobuNazi oluqale impi yamasosha, uPawulu wayenesifiso sengqondo esingaqondile ukuze umbuso. Ngokubona kwakhe, kubalulekile ukugcina yokulingana isimo. Ngo-1939 imbongi zabuthana ukuze phambili ngokumelene Hitler.

Ngesikhathi phambi, wathola hhayi izici ezintsha kuphela ithalente, ukukhulula izincwadi zezinkondlo eziningana yokushisekela izwe, kodwa futhi wazibonakalisa we komhlaba. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, umsebenzi oyinhloko Fields kwaba yokukhululwa yeFrance kusukela abahlaseli, abuyisele ukuthula endaweni.

Kusukela ngo-1942, France waqala ekubulaweni kwenqwaba yabantu zabalandeli isandla sombuso wamaKhomanisi, futhi uPawulu waba ilungu leQembu LamaKhomanisi. Isifiso ukubaleka ejokeni undlovukayiphikiswa kwaba ezinkulu ekuphileni imbongi, futhi kwabonakala isosha esihlatshelelwayo. izincwadi Patriotic isibe ubuso entsha umsebenzi uPawulu Eluard neFrance Ngethemba ukukhulula. Pol Elyuar, omsebenzi wakhe Useke wadlula izinguquko eziningi, wahlala imemori yeFrance, ikakhulukazi njengoba imbongi wamavukelambuso, inkululeko fighter.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ukufa Nush ukuthonywa imbongi. Yena eyedwa kuleli zwe hhayi uzithola kuwo. Kwaphela isikhathi wacabanga ngisho ukuzibulala. Impi isiphelile, Muse wafa noPawulu abazange babale thola kuleli zwe. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, imisebenzi yakhe bagcwala ukudabuka okuqotho asemngceleni injabulo yokushisekela izwe sesifunda zabo.

Uthando lwakhe lokugcina - Dominica, wahlangana ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe. Ngo-1952, eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-57, imbongi wabulawa isifo senhliziyo. Pol Elyuar, iminyaka yakho yokuphila okwenzeka ezikhathini ezinzima yezwe, ushiye ifa elikhulu emlandweni waseFrance.

Pol Elyuar: amaqiniso athakazelisayo biography

• Ngemva kokufa imbongi ohambweni lwakhe lokugcina ephelezelwa izinkulungwane zabantu e-Paris.

• Ngo-1952, Eluard wenziwa eMoscow ngosuku esenzeka Viktora Gyugo.

• Ngo-1952 waba owawina uMklomelo Umhlaba.

• Kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe uPawulu kwakuhambisana owayeyintombi yakhe unkosikazi, ngethemba ukuthi uzobuyela kuye. Lokho, + ngenxa yenhlonipho umyeni wakhe wangaphambili, angiyena oshadile ukuba uDali kuze kube ngukufa imbongi.

• Ngemuva kokuba bajwayelane Picasso, uPawulu wabhalela "Ukunqoba ka Guernica."

• Amapheshana ne umsebenzi uPawulu Edyuara elahliwe indiza phezu Paris ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.