Isifingqo "Iliad" zikaHomer: incazelo kwezobuciko yaseTroy neMpi

Isifingqo "Iliad" uHomer - indaba omunye iziqephu kunazo yesiteleka edumile iThrojani neMpi. Ukulandisa uchaza ukufutheka Achilles kanye nemiphumela yaso esabekayo.

Ukuxabana phakathi Achilles futhi Agamemnon

Ukuze minyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye sele idlulile solo okwamanje lapho amabutho yamaGreki aqala ukuvinjezelwa Troy. Ahlasela izindawo ezingomakhelwane, amaGreki ethumba Chryseis - intombazane iyona indodakazi yompristi e ithempeli lika-Apholo. Chryseis iba isancinza Agamemnon - e induna yebutho ngesiGreki. Yiqiniso, u-Apollo, lo mcimbi kwabathukuthelisa kakhulu. UbuNkulunkulu ithumela ibutho esiwumshayabhuqe. Achilles, le -tonkhe tihlabani takhona amaGreki, Agamemnon unxusa semhlangano jikelele kwezinhloko zamaviyo ukubuyela Chryseis kuyise. Nokho, esikhundleni e-abakhulu kudinga Achilles wamnika isiboshwa sayo - Intombazane okuthiwa Briseis. Achilles uzizwa wacasula futhi unquma ukuba ngimbuze Agamemnon ngenkemba. Nokho, unkulunkulukazi u-Athena, okuyinto wafuna ukunqoba YesiGreki impi, kugcina kuye kusukela izenzo ngamawala. Ngenxa yalokho, Achilles ukhawulelwe yokuthi umlawuli omkhulu ubiza igwala elinobugovu nelishisekela esingenamahloni, futhi wathi wayengeke iqhaza ezempi kuze kube yilolu suku.

Achilles enquma izoziphindiselela amaGreki

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isishwankathelo "Iliad" zikaHomer esitshalweni Nestor - omdala futhi inkosi ngesiGreki ukuhlakanipha. Nokho, imizamo yakhe ukuvumelanisa ithuba ingxabano ku ukwehluleka. Yokusebenzelana Kwamazwe nomusa umholi Odysseus waxosha Chryseis kuyise: Agamemnon Briseis uthola. Achilles futhi libhekisela unina, unkulunkulukazi ulwandle Thetis, futhi uyambuza ukukholisa uZeyusi ophakeme ukunika Trojans uwine. Ngokusho leli sosha, kungasiza amaGreki ukuqonda kangakanani yize ngaphandle kwalo. Naphezu ukuphikisa Hera, amaGreki esinomusa, uZeyusi uyavuma. He is umkhuzi abakhulu ithumela iphupho engavamile, ngemva kwalokho Agamemnon uqoqa umkhandlu sezinduna, ucela ukuthi amaGreki ufuna ukubuyela ekhaya. Warriors bawubheka njengobalulekile isiphakamiso, ethunyelwe emikhunjini yabo. Nokho, bona, kanye nokufakwa Athena Odysseus sithule. Uthi inkulumo somlilo. Hlakaniphile Nestor unika ticondziso wakhe amasosha. Ngemva kokulalela inkulumo yakhe, amaGreki azidele, futhi ulungiselela impi. Doesnt iqhaza kuphela Achilles nabangane bakhe.

Impi eqhubeka

Ngeke zifakwe isifinyezo sezinto "Iliad" zikaHomer incazelo enemininingwane zamandla abavezwe ezifundeni alwayo. ibutho iThrojani eholwa Hector - indodana ka Priam yinkosi. UMfoweth 'Hector - Paris, kwasho ukuqala empini (nguye otshontshe uHelen - umfazi elihle Spartan inkosi Menelaus), inikeza Menelaus ukulwa omunye. Owinile kwadingeka ukuba ekugcineni abambe Elena bese uqedela ukulwa isikhathi eside. I imivimbo embalwa yokuqala avunyelwe Menelaus uzizwe ukusondela ukunqoba. Nokho, nalapha futhi imbangela amabutho saphezulu angenele: u-Aphrodite, okuyinto patronizes Paris, ugcine isilwane sakho. Athena odlulela izitha Trojans ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ngowokuqala ephule lokho kuthula ephethwe ngaphambi mpi.

Okulandelayo kulandela incazelo eziningana izimpi ngenxa lapho inzuzo kuyinto ohlangothini Trojans. Ukubona ukuthi isimo esibi, Agamemnon ithumela amanxusa ku-Achilles. It unikeza e-uMphathi iqhawe abanesibindi ukubuyela Briseis futhi ambusise nge kwezipho ezinhle, uma futhi ubuyela emsebenzini. Nokho, Achilles iyaphendula Agamemnon wenqaba.

Collision amabutho ziqhubeka. Trojans ehlasela ekamu ngesiGreki, kubonakala Hector esingenakuphikiswa. Sesaba ukuthi Troy ngeke ukunqoba impi, Hera bagqoke up, ukuhlobisa kanye ezikhoselweni nge uZeyusi, umyeni wakhe, eNtabeni Ida ukuphazamisa ukunaka kwakhe kusukela mpi. Ukuthola namaqhinga unkosikazi, unkulunkulu ophakeme akayena wangqangqa futhi futhi ukusiza Trojans. AmaGreki bayabaleka bethukile. Patroclus, umngane Achilles 'engcono, uzwelana nabo, ubeka zempi futhi iya ukulwa, kodwa umphikisi wakhe - Hector - Sinemandla futsi ubulala Patroclus.

Revenge for the umngane wabulala

Ngokulandelayo, isifinyezo sezinto "Iliad" zikaHomer ubuyela Achilles. Warrior ufunga uze aphindisele wabulala omunye. Thetis ucela Hephaestus unkulunkulu ngensimbi komlayezo izikhali ezintsha ayenalo ngendodana yakhe. Ehlome ngamathuluzi okuthola zempi ezintsha, Achilles odlula ukuya empini futhi ababhubhise eziningi Trojans. Ngemuva kokuwina iqhawe unkulunkulu Scamander River futhi ngemva ushushiso olukhulu, ihlangana ne Hector. Njengoba sisekelwa Athens Achilles ekwazile okwalapha ukubhekana isitha, yena-ke inamathela imilenze yakhe emotweni yakhe futhi kuthatha ekamu ngesiGreki. Hector Umkhaya kamunyu uyabalisa ke.

Lokhu okulandelayo kuchaza umngcwabo onesizotha ukuthi Patroclus Achilles wanelisa - lo mcimbi unaka kakhulu, uHomer. "Iliad", sifinyeto okuyinto owufundayo manje uyaqhubeka njengoba umzimba hero sika usha, futhi umlotha ibekwe ku-isitsha segolide. Umvuthwandaba ngosuku babe emidlalweni yabasubathi kwimemori salowo oshonile.

Isiphetho Hector

Hhayi wasimama ngokugcwele kusukela ukulahlekelwa, Achilles uya round ngosuku olulandelayo umngcwabo Patroclus egqumeni, futhi ikwenze ngenqola okuyinto nakanjani emzimbeni Hector. Apollo ucela onkulunkulu ukumisa le ukuhlambalaza. Nokho, noGera ukuphikisana, uZeyusi unikeza ikhanda yokuthi Priam wathenga isidumbu sendodana yakhe. Thetis icala ukubuza Achilles kwemvume. Futhi Priam kaZeyusi yazisa isithunywa Iris. Hecuba ezama ukuvimba Priam. Kodwa noma ubani ofuna ukuthenga emuva isidumbu sendodana yakhe, ingena etendeni Achilles ngezipho ocebile. Kuleli qophelo Homer uchaza sublime yesehlakalo ezidabukisayo. Achilles Bedabukiswe evuma Priam. Akakhohlwa ngekusasa zikayise wayengakwazi ngivalelise, futhi ubuyela isidumbu sendodana yakhe. Trojans balilele ukufa Hector, futhi iphela le nkondlo "The Iliad" zikaHomer, sifinyeto okuyinto siholwa, ngala mazwi: ". Ngakho wangcwatshwa konebornogo umzimba Hector sika"