TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov": isakhiwo kanye namathemba

TAVKR "Admiral we Fleet zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Kuznetsov" - kuphela kreyserny asebenzayo izindiza esindayo othwala indlela yokwakheka yesimanje Navy Fleet. Inhloso Its main - ukuqedwa okukhulu kwamanzi amatshe, ekumeleleni mabutho zasolwandle kanye ukuvikelwa Kusolakala isitha ekuhlaselweni. Lo mkhumbi yaqanjwa N. G. Kuznetsova, Admiral we Fleet wase-USSR. Ukwakhiwa kwaleli impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu wathatha indawo Nikolaev, ngesikhathi ngisemsebenzini e Chernomorsk, manje-ke siyingxenye isethi ephelele yeNyakatho Fleet. Lo mkhumbi kungenziwa isekelwe izindiza MIG-29k, amaqembu SU-25, SU-33 nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane Ukulungiswa Ka-27/29 / 52K.

design

Ukuklama TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" wethulwa 1978 ngaphansi kwesiqondiso PCB esuka kude impela eLeningrad.

Kunetintfutfuko iphrojekthi eziningana, okwaphumela umphumela ekwakhiweni imikhumbi noma bahlala uhlobo amamodeli imidwebo:

• Project 1153. Lokufuduka umkhumbi kuhlelwe eyenzelwe amathani 00 70, kwathiwa Kusolwa enamandla izikhali imishini (ngaphandle eqenjini zezindiza main).
• № 1143 M. Iplani kwakungukuthi nokubekwa kule impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu leSupersonic Yak-41 mpo Take-off.
• A-prototype ye 1143. It has ukufana ne-othwala izindiza esakhiweni sangaphambili, kodwa nge displacement esikhulu (wesine izindiza yenethiwekhi, ezakhiwe eSoviet Union).
• Project 1143,5 izindiza esindayo yenethiwekhi "Admiral Kuznetsov" - ephezulu amandla, owesihlanu nezokugcina Soviet-eyakhelwe umkhumbi izindiza yenethiwekhi.

imibhalo yokugcina lobuchwepheshe lalungiselela Maphakathi nawo-1980 Kucatshangwa nokwakha ukuba siqedwe ngo-1990. Nokho, isikhathi ukulethwa nokubeka njalo sigudluke ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene.

Qala ekudaleni

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1981 shipbuilding Plant Nikolayev uthola kanzima umyalo ukwakhiwa Cruisers entsha. Nokho, ekwindla ka-mnyaka anezele abalulekile futhi kwenziwa izinguquko ukuze lo msebenzi, oyinhloko okuyinto ukwandisa displacement umkhumbi amathani ayinkulungwane 10.

Inani umphumela lokhu Inkomba kwaba 67 000 t Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ezilandelayo kwesakhiwo benziwa .:

• esemkhunjini kwadingeka ukuba ahlome ukufakwa RCC "Granite".
• Kwakunesidingo ukunweba iqembu emoyeni imishini kufika ku-50.
• A ushintsho oluphawulekayo kwakuwukuthi le ndiza kwethulwa kwadingeka yenziwe ngaphandle catapult ngu ski-gxuma ukusuka. Lokhu ngombono kuye kwanciphisa izindleko zokwakha kanye eminye isikhathi ekuphileni inkonzo othwala izindiza.

Ukuthuthukiswa yokuqedela

TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" yagcina abalingisa kuze 1982. Kwathi ngo-September, emzini Nikolayev shipyards. Ekuqaleni, umkhumbi okuthiwa "Riga", izinyanga ezimbalwa kamuva lethiwe "leonid uBrezhnev". Ekupheleni konyaka phezu impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ngoba uhlelo olugcwele kwaba ukufakwa isakhi sokuqala. Lo mkhumbi ngokwayo (okokuqala emlandweni eSoviet Union) lalakhelwa ngokuphelele ezimbili imiklamo kweshumi block.

Ubude ebhokisini ngalinye TAVKR pr. 11435 "Admiral Kuznetsov 'kwakuyihora 32 amamitha nge ekuphakameni 13 m. Sisindvo element ngayinye ilingana ayizinkulungwane 1.5-1.7. Tonnes. Superstructure omkhulu izindiza yenethiwekhi futhi senziwa uhlelo Modular. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lowo mkhumbi, nge supply elihambisana materials, amathuluzi kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza, ebezingakhiwa iminyaka emine nje, kungaba irekhodi ngokuphelele. Nokho, ukubambezeleka nabaphakeli kanye nokusebenza kancane zalesi sihlahla iye yabangela ukubambezeleka okungenasidingo ukwethulwa uyisitsha msebenzi.

Ukufakwa ugibelile imishini

I othwala izindiza wethulwa esitokisini ekupheleni konyaka ka-1985. izindlu eMiseni futhi izakhiwo efakwe ingeqi 32 000 wamathani. Onjiniyela ziye zalinganisela ukuthi iyizigidi nokuzimisela / h 20506 izindiza esindayo yenethiwekhi "Admiral Kuznetsov"-39%.

Ngonyaka ozayo i-esiphathiswa kazwelonke akulona ngaphandle kwezinguquko. New Umklami P. Sokolov yenze ezinye izinguquko futhi phakathi 87th namanje sidle kuze kube sekupheleni umkhumbi iqanjwe kabusha futhi. Manje uye waba "Tbilisi". iphesenti ukulungela lande laba ngu-60%. Ukubambezeleka kusukela abahlinzeki abavunyelwe ngokushesha ukuqedela ukwakhiwa, 70% -S ukulungela yafinyelelwa kuphela ekupheleni 1989

Izindleko izindiza esindayo yenethiwekhi "Admiral Kuznetsov" ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ruble angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-anamakhulu asixhenxe. Ngokushesha futhi ushintshe umklami abakhulu, waba L. Belov. Ingxenye enkulu zikagesi uya khona ifakiwe ku-emine nengxenye ngemva umnqamulajuqu, ukulungela womkhumbi kwaba 80%.

Ashone kolwandle

kwenzeka Lo mcimbi Okthoba 20, 1989 Ngaleso sikhathi, othwala izindiza kwaba Sekukancane, ngaphandle engekho iqembu zezindiza. Aqondisa wathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, sesivele lokuqala November lokhu zokutshala kwecala MIG-29 futhi Su-27 kwenziwa ngawo lowo nyaka.

Ngokugcwele kanye nezinhlamvu umsakazo izinhlelo e / h 20506 izindiza esindayo yenethiwekhi "Admiral Kuznetsov" yasungulwa kuphela ngo-1990 (ukulungela Imininingwane zaba ngu-90%). Esikhathini esifanayo isikhawu ekhiqizwa ulwandle nokulingwa umkhumbi. Phakathi Ekwindla umkhumbi wathola igama lokugcina ngaphansi abahamba manje.

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala ukuhlola othwala izindiza ngokuzimela yingcweti ezingaphezu kuka 16 amakhilomitha angu. Nge zezindiza umkhumbi izindiza ekhiqizwa nokuhlasela cishe anamakhulu mahlanu. Zonke kokufika impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kwenziwe ngaphandle komthetho wesimo esibucayi ukuthi ukuqala izitsha test - umphumela omuhle.

Uhlolo lokuqala zaphela ekupheleni 1990. Ngaphezu konyaka sengidlulile esigabeni sokugcina isimo nokulawula quality, okwathi ngemva kwalokho umkhumbi ngabelwa Northern Fleet.

izici Technical

Njengengxenye emphemeni kanye trampoline umnsalo fairings ekhethekile ukukhwezwa. izindiza ekhona kwi emphemeni of umkhumbi othwala izindiza zilethwa ngu ngamakheshi, ngamunye okungenzeka akwazi ukuhlula amathani 40. Ububanzi emphemeni kuyinto 67 amamitha. Ubude impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kulingana cishe 305 metres, izinga imali yayo - 10.5 m.

Ngenjongo esetshenziselwa lokubikezela izindiza emphemeni ingxenye 250 kanye nobude 26 ububanzi. It has a emthambekeni degrees eziyisikhombisa. Ipheya eziyisisekelo bands ekuqaleni-up.

Izinjini babe TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" kubhayela futhi ophephela, chetyrehvalnye nge ugesi onamandla diesel ugesi. Njengoba propulsor aphume ashone ngezikulufo ezine (ngamunye has 5 izindwani). Linganisa isivinini travel 29 ifindo (55 km / h). I ezizimele navigation impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu okuthwala sikhatsi lesingaba tinyanga letisitfupha. Amatilosi - engaba izinkulungwane ezimbili abantu.

izikhali

Ngezansi kukhona nabasebenza ukulwa kanye nokwenzeka umkhumbi othwala izindiza:

• Navigation uhlelo - "Beysur".
• Radar - "Mars-Passat", "Fregat-MA", "Tackle", "Vaigach".
• Esebenzisa uhlobo electronic - CICS "Umgawuli" SJC "polynomial", "Inkanyezi" eziyinkimbinkimbi "Buran-2" "Constellation - BR";
• Anti-aircraft izinhlamvu - 6 × 6 AK-630; (ayizinkulungwane 48 Izimpahla.)
• Rockets - PU SCRC "Granite", "Dirk", "angababulali";
• Antisubmarine izikhali (amabhomu 60) - RBU-12000;
• Iqembu Aviation - amayunithi amahlanu (enophephela emhlane, kanti izindiza).

ubukhulu

Ukuze uqonde nangobukhulu impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo yakhe ephakeme ifaniswe indlu 27-storeyed. Ngaphakathi ifakwe ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezine amakamelo ehlukene. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa liye wachitha 4000 emakhilomitha ikhebula, 12,000 amakhilomitha amapayipi ka diameters ezahlukene nokusebenza. Ezinye izihlambi emkhunjini, kukhona izingcezu ngamashumi ayisihlanu. Hangar uhlobo avaliwe (153 * 26 * 7,2 metres) yokuhlala njalo iqembu kumaphesenti angu-70 emoyeni. Underwater Ukuvikelwa kwesakhiwo siqukethe imvunulo kanye longitudinal izindonga, Ukujula kwawo - emihlanu amamitha.

kokuhlaziywa Modern yephrojekthi 1143,5

umkhumbi Okubukwe elingangena ngokuphepha ngokuthi agcwele izindiza yenethiwekhi. Nokho, akubona bonke ngakho ngokushelela ne ukwakhiwa elintantayo eside. Esikhathini esiningi, kodwa uchitha kule ukulungisa echwebeni.

izimangalo lelincomekako kangakanani kugridi. olwandle ngokuvamile ehambisana nobutha lamadigri izenzakalo okungavamile obuhlukahlukene. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi zonke ohambweni olude impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu uya kanye nethonya. I yamuva ukufinyelela uLwandle iMedithera - esinye isiqinisekiso.

Abaningi wamelela esindayo izindiza yenethiwekhi "Admiral Kuznetsov" lapho uya Syria. Futhi hhayi ngakho kudala kwenzeka. Yiqiniso, hhayi ngaphandle nezinkinga zawo, kodwa umkhumbi namanje wakunqoba indlela lapho futhi emuva. Eminyakeni emibili eyalandela sihlelwe lo kulungiswe elilandelayo ezinkulu impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu.