Stock Exchange - Iyini? Imisebenzi namalungu Stock Exchange

Ngo uthi iningi yesimanje usebenze isitokwe Ukuhwebelana nemnotfo emakethe. Lemisebenti ezikhungo ezithintekile zezimali kuhilela ukwenza okuningi kubalulekile emnothweni imisebenzi kazwelonke. Yiziphi? Yiziphi izimiso eyinhloko ukuhweba ezimakethe efanele?

Uyini Stock Exchange?

Stock Exchange - is, ngokuvumelana definition ezivamile, izinhlangano ezikhethekile njengoba efeza imisebenzi ukuhwebelana kwamatayitela ahlukahlukene. Uqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni zomthetho zokukhokhelwa, kwezinye izimo - ubumfihlo abahwebi nabanye abadlali emakethe, inikeza kwemali kuya abantu abagunyaziwe walabo noma ezinye isinxephezelo enikeziwe ukuze Umhlangano amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukudayiswa kanye ukuthengwa izibambiso.

Stock Exchange - yisibaluli ebalulekile emakethe umnotho yesimanje. It ivumela izinkampani ukuheha izimali ngokusebenzisa nokubekwa ukwabelana kwegazi mahhala, futhi ukwandisa ngaleyo ndlela ofeleba lalo.

Umlando ukuvela isitokwe Ukuhwebelana

Kuyoba usizo uma sihlola indlela lapho isitokwe Ukuhwebelana. Umlando nesenzakalo ezikhungo ezithintekile zezimali iqala, ngokuvumelana izazi zanamuhla, kusukela ngekhulu le-16. Khona-ke eyokuqala lezimpahla Ukuhwebelana avele ukuhweba emadolobheni amakhulu aseYurophu. Ngo 1531 - olwanyatheliswa e-Antwerp, e 1549-amamitha - Toulouse, e 1556 - eLondon. Nokho, isakhiwo of ubudlelwano zezimali hhayi ngokushesha kwaduma, futhi lezi Ukuhwebelana zavalwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene.

Nokho, kakade 1611 e-Amsterdam wavula imboni entsha, okuyinto asasebenza. It ekuqaleni eyenziwa imidanti yohwebo e izimpahla, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isihloko okwenziwe Stock Exchange kanye izibambiso waqala. Okokuqala, eqinisweni, ezimakethe zamasheya isibe inhlangano efanele e-London, eyasungulwa ngo-1773. Ngo 1792, isakhiwo esifanayo usumisiwe eNew York.

Umlando isitokwe Ukuhwebelana eRussia

Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi izithombe ephambene isitokwe Ukuhwebelana eRussia avele ezinsukwini kaPetru I. 1789, isimemezelo wakhishwa uCatherine II, ivume uhlelo ukuba kwakhiwe Gostiny Dvor e Moscow, lapho ukusebenza obekumele ukuhlela exchange. Kodwa eqinisweni, lokhu inhlangano yezimali is wathola kuphela ngemva kwempi ye-1812. Ngaleso sikhathi, izazi-mlando zithi, iye yavula kakade, ikakhulukazi, Odessa emakethe - e 1796. Ekhulwini le-19, isakhiwo of ubudlelwano zezimali ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni eRussia.

Ngu-1917 kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-115 Ukuhwebelana eMbusweni Russian. Nokho, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa nemicimbi okwalandela baye nzima amathemba ukuthuthukiswa ingxenye. Exchange esebenza ngesikhathi we nep Nokho, umsebenzi wabo kwayekwa 1930. Ukubuyisela Ukuhwebelana sikhungo eRussia lezwakala kuphela ngemva kokuwa wase-USSR. Manje e-Russia kukhona eziningana isitokwe Ukuhwebelana ezinkulu. Phakathi edume kunazo - the RTS kanye MICEX. isikhungo sabo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi exchange stock - kuba, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, Imfanelo kubalulekile womnotho emakethe. Njengoba umnotho Russian Federation kazwelonke waqala kabusha kusuka sezenhlalo a imodeli isicebi, kwathiwa bafeza ukusungulwa kwezikhungo zezimali ezifanele.

imininingwane Okuningi okushiwo ukubaluleka isitokwe Ukuhwebelana ngoba umnotho wezwe, singabona kule isici imisebenzi abawenza.

Imisebenzi Ukuhwebelana e emnothweni wesifundazwe

ochwepheshe Modern ziye zakhomba ohlwini olulandelayo wabo.

Okokuqala, imisebenzi stock market - ke ukunqwabelana amanani abalulekile capital emnothweni kazwelonke. Lolu khetho kakhulu kuthinta elikhangayo ukutshalwa kwezimali amabhizinisi ezisebenza isimo. Nokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi imali ezimakethe isitokwe akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi correlate nge Dynamics GDP. Abahlanganyeli exchange stock - kuba abadayisi osomabhizinisi abathintekayo endalini ngubani, okokuqala kunakho konke, uzama ukuthola okuthile bona. Nokho, yokufuna labo noma eminye imithombo yezezimali kungaba umthelela e reinvestment yabo ibhizinisi, futhi lokhu, nakho omuhle kuthinte GDP isimo.

Okwesibili, ezimakethe zamasheya - lokhu emakethe, lapho indima ebalulekile udlalwa by zimali angaphandle. Ngakho, ezikhungo ezithintekile zezimali kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu kusukela umbono imisebenzi ngezizwe zomnotho isimo. Izinkomba Izibalo RZB kanye nama stock exchanges - okungukuthi, kwezinye izimo, izinkomba ezibalulekile kwezomnotho ngenxa abalingani angaphandle.

Okwesithathu, Ukuhwebelana stock - ngokuvamile izinhlangano ezinkulu kakhulu ukuthi bakha umphakathi wonke professional abahwebi. Amalungu exchange stock - akusiwona nje izinkampani ukuthengisa amasheya, labo kungaba, isimiso, izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje abafinyelela insimbi ezidingekayo zezimali ukuthengwa nokudayiswa izibambiso. Ngakho, izikhungo zezimali zayo zibhekwa njengokungathi nabantu nemitfombolusito imvelo ukugcwaliseka abantu ithuluzi umsebenzi.

Isakhiwo exchange isitokwe

Manje siyazi ukuthi imakethe yamasheya - kubalulekile emnothweni isimo sezimali. Manje ake sihlole ukuthi imininingwane yini isimo sawo futhi iziphi izinqubo main abazenzi ngokuhamba zokuhweba. Stock Exchange - yindawo lapho kwenziwe ukuthengwa nokudayiswa izibambiso - ikakhulukazi ukwabelana khulula esikhishwe iyiphi inkampani ezimele noma umphakathi.

Izilinganiso kanye indices

Kususelwa ukuthi izinto zihamba kanjani emakethe iyonke noma ibhizinisi esithile, ikakhulukazi, kuthiwa babhala izingcaphuno amasheya efanele. Sekukonke, kwakha i-index stock market. Kuyinto, eqinisweni, inani Inkomba value izibambiso, iyakunqanda emsamo ezifanele zokuhweba. Leli Inkomba is, njengoba umthetho, lo issuers elikhulu ukwabelana, ngoba kusekelwe umtshali wemali uyobe kubhekwe ukuthi izinto zihamba kanjani emkhakheni ethile umnotho kazwelonke noma sonke umnotho iyonke.

Yiziphi izinkinga isixazululekile Abahleli exchange?

Njengoba siphawulile ngenhla, amasheya musa njalo correlate nge-GDP, kepha bakwazi ukunikeza isiqondiso ongemuhle ekukhuleni komnotho izinkomba ezifanele komnotho omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa ikhotheshini uhlu phezu exchange stock - akuyona lula umsebenzi bezimali ubani okufanele, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukucacisa ngesisekelo nenqubo mgomo, uhlu yezinkampani ezinkulu ngakolunye - ukuqinisekisa representativeness yobukhona babo Inkomba exchange. ukuhweba imisebenzi ochwepheshe ingafunda ukuqondiswa njengoba namazinga omhlaba kanye nokuthuthukiswa, futhi kulabo elitjengisa specificities kazwelonke izibambiso ukuthengiselana.

Kwenta tinhlaka ikhotheshini uhlu phezu exchange stock - akulona kuphela abalulekile umsebenzi bezimali ukuhlela imisebenzi efanele. Bafanele bente siciniseko ukuba semthethweni ngokugcwele ukuthengiselana, ukubekwa efanele ukwabelana, imali input bese okukhipha ngokulandela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe nezikazwelonke emkhakheni wezezimali. Ngakho, le nhlangano yokudayisa yomphakathi izibambiso kuhilela ukuhlanganyela abadlali elandelayo esemqoka: Amasheya issuers, abahwebi, bezimali akha ikhotheshini uhlu, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kwesakhiwo ukuthengiselana on ukuthengwa nokudayiswa izibambiso.

Izimiso yokuhweba Stock Exchange

Manje ake sicabangele lokho ngesisekelo izimiso okwakwenza ukuhweba emasayithini efanele. Stock Exchange - emakethe, siqala kancane zendawo. Okungukuthi, nentengo yalezo imikhiqizo ayatholakala kuwo - kulesi simo, izibambiso izinkampani - Kwenziwa ngesisekelo kwaneliswe isidingo phezu amafa efanele. Ezinye isiqondiso nezokuphatha amanani exchange isitokwe akuyona wayekwenza. Le nkampani ithola ukwabelana yayo emakethe ngenhloso ukuheha abatshalizimali, okokuqala kunakho konke, impumelelo yabo ekwakheni imodeli yebhizinisi.

Stock Exchange - kuyinto emakethe ehlelekile, okuyinto isebenza ngokuvumelana nezimiso ezithile neziqondiso. Ukuze uthole kuso, inkampani likhipha ukwabelana kumele ihlangabezane inombolo ngemibandela kanye nezinye amafemu, ukubeka izibambiso phezu Ukuhwebelana abafanele. Ngokufanayo, kwezinkambiso esungulwe kufanele ihambisane kahle kanye abahwebi.

Ukuvuleleka njengoba imfanelo ukhiye yokuhweba

Nokho, izikhungo wezimali, njengoba umthetho, zama ukuba njengoba evulekile ngangokunokwenzeka zimali. Ikakhulukazi - kulabo uphesheya kwezilwandle. International Stock Exchange - omunye anomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu zezimali lokukhulisa dolobha esimweni. Ngakho-ke, abasunguli bayo uzame ukufinyelela bureaucratic kakhulu Ukuhweba bamazwe angaphandle.

Ngaleyo ndlela kwande izingcaphuno ku Ukuhwebelana stock?

Isici elandelayo kuyoba usizo ukucabangela - ukuthi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukukhula izingcaphuno we amasheya enkampani, ekhona emakethe. Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi lezi yisikhungo sezinhlangano eziphambili zezezimali awanazo izakhiwo emakethe, cishe aqede ithonya izici zokuphatha ngalo mshini zamanani. Stock Exchange Inkomba - isilinganiso ibonisa ukuthi isithakazelo yilowo otshale izimali ku nokubekwa kwezimali ngamasheya ezinkampani ethile, kunokuba iyiphi enye. Kodwa kanjani treydet yiso esinquma ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali zithembekile? Esikhathini esithile, lapho enquma ukuthengisa amasheya aluthola?

Kufeza indima inqwaba yezinto.

Okokuqala, ziyabhekelelwa idatha ishicilelwe isimo ukwabelana ibhizinisi lenkampani kokukhipha. Lokhu kungaba izitatimende zezimali, imiphumela lwamabhuku, izihloko kohlaziyo, ngokuphathelene nokuhlolwa ukusebenza imodeli yebhizinisi lenkampani.

Okwesibili, elilwela ibaluleke kakhulu abadayisi - izinkomba komnotho omkhulu. Uma zimali ubona ukuthi isimo emnothweni wezwe kazwelonke lapho imisebenzi inkampani ngokukhipha, kuyinto neze - angase anqume ukuthengisa amasheya zonke noma eziningi izinkampani isimo.

Okwesithathu, Isici esibalulekile ekuthathweni abadayisi ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa izibambiso - isimo sezombusazwe kuleli noma leso sifunda. I okungazelelwe ushintsho amandla isimo, noma ukubukeka ukungezwani ubudlelwane nomakhelwane balo - into zimali kungase kudingeke ubukeza ukuhlolwa yayo amathemba ekutshalweni kwezimali kumasheya ezinkampani ezisebenza ezweni elithile.

Kuyini kushukunyiswe abadayisi issuers phezu exchange stock?

Masitadishe kwadalulwa nesinye isici Ukuhwebelana stock - ugqozi. Empeleni, yini esishukumisela izinkampani elikhiphe nabahwebi efuna ukuba bahlanganyele izibambiso zokuhweba? Imisebenzi exchange stock - ke, ngaphezu kwakho konke, inhlangano ye nokuxhumana esisemthethweni zimali - umuntu efuna ukugcina iphinde ukwandisa inhloko-dolobha yabo, futhi ibhizinisi kwezohwebo, okuyinto yena, ufuna ukwandisa umfutho ayo, nokuthuthukisa izimboni ezintsha, ukunikeza ukuqashelwa brand at the kazwelonke kanye amazwe. Zombili izinhlangothi Yiqiniso, ngokuyinhloko unesithakazelo inzuzo, futhi lokhu ugqozi zabo eziyinhloko.

ukuthi izimakethe isitokwe ezisemthethweni?

Phakathi abahwebi umbono ovamile wokuthi i-stock market - kuyinto ukukhwabanisa, kanye ukuthengiselana on ukuthengwa nokudayiswa izibambiso awavamile inzuzo. Nokho, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, abagqugquzeli ngokudayisa izibambiso, ngokuyinhloko, ukunikeza ngempela ukuba semthethweni ngokugcwele ukuthengiselana ezihlobene, ukunikeza izindlela ezifanele kunakho konke ayengabenzela obala. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma mayelana inkohliso lapha akudingekile, kodwa qiniseka ngokuvamile okwazi kuphela abadayisi abanekhono. Lokho by imali izimali zabo izibambiso, uyazi ukuthi esimweni ukunciphisa ukulahleka kungenzeka izingcaphuno. Kanye ukuvela inzuzo palpable uma inkampani wathenga amasheya avuke value.