Schizophrenia ingane: Izimpawu, Sifo Nokuselapha

Schizophrenia isifo ezijwayelekile. It sitholakale hhayi kuphela abadala kodwa futhi izingane. Kuyini lokhu sifo? Impendulo yalo mbuzo akwaziwa kubazali abaningi. Ochwepheshe kuphela bayasazi isimo lesi sifo. Ngakho, ukusangana umntwana, izimpawu, uphethwe nasekwelashweni kwezifo kungakephuzi - izihloko okuyinto kuwufanele ayaphenya.

Schizophrenia: yombhalo we eside futhi lokho ukwanda kwalesi sifo

Igama elithi ngenhla ubhekisela esiphathelene nokusebenza kwengqondo. Lapho kukhona avele izimpawu bayasangana: ekuziphatheni kwabantu nasekusebenzelaneni ekusebenzeni kwengqondo kuphazamisekile. Ngaphambili, lesi sifo okuthiwa isifo sengqondo, ukuhlanya, madness. Ngo-1896, Kraepelin waqala ukusebenzisa nomqondo isifo "komqondo praecox". Kuphela kusukela 1911, baqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi "ukusangana" ngenxa E. Bleuler.

Schizophrenia, njengoba izibalo show, unesifo engengaphansi kuka-1% abakhileyo iplanethi yethu. Cishe ama-10% kule nombolo - kungcono izingane. Bona isifo singenzeka emazingeni ahlukene. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ochwepheshe zihlukaniswe amaqembu yesifo:

• bayasangana izinsana zasenkulisa;
• yobudala bayasangana esikoleni;
• bayasangana ingane.

Izimbangela bayasangana ezinganeni

Imibono ochwepheshe yesimanje izimbangela zesifo encike ka nezici ezithile futhi ukucindezeleka. Ngokuhambisana ke indima enkulu eyadlalwa nokuxhumana zokuzivikela nezici ezithile futhi ezingaphandle ezibangela ukucindezeleka enqubeni ukuthuthukiswa. Nezici ezithile kuhlanganisa:

• ukudluliselwa isakhi sofuzo, ngenxa lapho umntwana angase ukuthuthukisa isifo;
• izinqubo sokugembula e isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko;
• ukungabi khona izimo ezidingekile ukufunda.

Stressors - kukhona imicimbi ezandisa amathuba izifo lasatfutfuka lanjenge bayasangana kule ngane. Izimpawu zivame ukubonakala ngenxa Ukufa kwesihlobo. Izinto ezimbi futhi zihlanganisa imithombo nokucindezeleka okungapheli. Isibonelo - inxeba lokuphathwa kabi ingane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi yofuzo akuyona njalo ukuthuthukisa sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Lesi sifo livela lapho ukuchayeka ngokwanele ukugcizelela izinto futhi kuncike ekutheni umuntu akanayo izinsiza kwanele ekumelaneni isifo.

Ikakhulukazi bayasangana ekuseni abasesikoleni

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi cishe 69% of izinsana nezingane zasenkulisa, lesi sifo uqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eli-3. Schizophrenia ingane 2 ubudala zingavela kahle. Ngo-26% izingane ukuthuthukisa ukugula eziphakathi kweminyaka 3 no-5. Ezinye izingane sifo sitholakale umuntu eminyakeni 5-8. Schizophrenia avame ezitholakele abafana. Girls akuvamile sinqwamana nabantu ngalesi sifo.

Schizophrenia ekuseni futhi zasenkulisa yobudala ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• langempela anomdlavuza;
• ngokuqhubekayo progredient;
• evilaphayo.

ifomu Ebulalayo samanje isencane futhi pre-school

Eminyakeni 1,5-2 ke waqala ukuthuthukisa bayasangana anjalo esikhathini ingane. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ebunayo umsebenzi ngemilingo, ukunciphisa isithakazelo imidlalo, ukunyamalala ukusondelana ngokomzwelo futhi isifiso ukuxhumana. Isiguli iyeke izijabulisa ngamathoyizi. umdlalo lakhe liyaphambuka okuyisidina, u- non-gaming izinto (izingcezu yensimbi, izinti, izindophi).

Somewhere ngonyaka umdlavuza ukugeleza iba evelele. Izingane ayisekho ukuphendula imibuzo, ungathathi ngamawala ekuhlaleni ngokwehlukana. imidlalo yabo ayabaluleka ayindlala ngaphezulu. Izingane kahle okuqonda sibonwa, kukhona nokwesaba. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva isimo izingane ezigulayo kungathuthukisa kancane. Inciphisa kobukhulu izimpawu asolisayo waphawula zinyamalale excitation nokwesaba ubuthongo kuyathuthuka. Exacerbation ka bayasangana ngokuvamile kwenzeka yesibili engu esibucayi, eminyakeni 7-8.

Ngokuqhubekayo ifomu okuqhubekayo ekuseni futhi zasenkulisa yobudala

Ukuze lolu hlobo bayasangana libhekene ukubonakala izimpawu zesifo eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 5-9. Ezinganeni, kukhona izinsolo nokungathembani. Abakwazi give up ubungane nezinye izingane, zithi uyakususa wonke amathoyizi. Kwezinye izimo, kukhona isimo crazy maqondana abazali.

Lapho ngokuqhubekayo izingane progredient ungakheka angesabi fantasies. Lapho lesi sifo bavele ukusangana ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa. Basuke bajoyine nakho ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokulala.

ifomu evilaphayo ka bayasangana e isencane futhi pre-school

Indlela ukuqaphela bayasangana umntwana, yiwo ogelezela kuleli fomu? Lesi sifo iqala at 3-4 iminyaka esibucayi. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo cuphuluza izici psychogenic ezifana ngokwahlukana kusukela umama nobaba, izinguquko isimo. Ukugula kwengane eba kancane. Kancane kancane umbuthano womphakathi. Lo mntwana abaxhumana kuphela nezingane ngabanye. ukwehla okunjalo alichaza isidingo ukuxhumana.

Ukuze bayasangana evilaphayo ngaphezulu libhekene zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukungakuthandi ukudla;
• ukwephulwa Izinga lokukhuluma;
• iziyaluyalu ubuthongo;
• ukwesaba unmotivated elihlobene ne inganekwane futhi fantasies, okuyizinto ke ngokuvamile kuvusa ukubukeka ukushushiswa imibono.

Bengane ibhidliza kalula. Ezinye izingane ungavumeli omama babo futhi obaba, kodwa ukuziphatha okufana abakubona kuphela ngenxa yokwesaba obhekana nazo. Kwezinye izimo, izingane zibonisa izimpawu ezifana unya, nokuthukuthela, nobubi, ubudlova, sadism.

Ikakhulukazi bayasangana ezinganeni abasesikoleni

Izici picture ngokwengqondo bayasangana ezinganeni abasesikoleni kukhona ukuthi isifo kwenzeka kungabonakali futhi kancane. Kwezinye iziguli, kwesatshwa ahlukahlukene. Izingane ukhathazeke ezimpilweni zabo siqu futhi impilo abazali. Ekuqaleni, isipiliyoni kungenziwa nyama. Khona-ke balahlekelwa incazelo yawo futhi awahlobene ne imicimbi. Izingane baphelelwe isithakazelo yokufunda, imidlalo, avele imicabango kokudumazeka ngethonya ka ngamandla angaphezu kwemvelo nezidalwa.

Ngamanye izingane, lesi sifo singumbulali ezahlukene. Bona asungula siqu fantasy world zabo, okuyinto uvezwa imidwebo. Iziguli afakwa nemicabango yabo ngokugcwele, into swebeza umhlibitho, kanzima ukushintshela nezenzakalo zangempela. Lezi zingane ukudlala yedwa, angafuna abanye bathi babizwe izibizo.

bayasangana ingane Ikakhulukazi

Kwezinye izimo, zikhona kokumethemba ukuba indawo okuvela kuyo amazwi isifo. Zimelela i ukuziphatha kungazwakali, ukuziphatha simbe, bacindezeleke noma iziqephu eshintshashintshayo. Isimo esifana ezinsaneni Uthatha izinsukwana kuya emasontweni ambalwa.

Ngemva kokumethemba bayasangana e intsha esikhulakhulile kwabangela izingxabano sina nontanga, amahlazo nabazali, uzama ubudlova. Lesi sifo okuholela lihlukile. Abanye baye wanciphisa ukuhileleka, zinyamalale izithakazelo kanye ezikhulayo iziyaluyalu ngokomzwelo futhi volitional. Abanye bavele ukwesaba esilawulayo, imicabango, wanqotshwa imizwelo.

Ukuxilongwa lesi sifo ngokudipha nenqubo ICD-10

Ukuze isifo "ukusangana" ukuhlolwa ezingase kwenziwe endaweni yokucwaninga nokuthi kwakuyodingeka isifo ukuba athuthukiswe. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa odokotela mayelana nenqubo ye-ICD-10 (International Ukwahlukanisa Diseases wokubuyekeza 10). Ngokusho kwabo, lesi sifo kufanele esenqobe okungenani 2 izimpawu (izimpawu zokugcina 5 ezibalwe ngezansi) noma 1 uphawu olucacile (tags ezine zokuqala):

• ukuphindaphinda Soundless imicabango ekhanda lami;
• Imibono kokudumazeka;
• ukusangana sokuzwa, ukubukeka amazwi angaphandle yekhanda lami ukuxoxa noma ubeke amazwana ukuziphatha esigulini;
• okuyize;
• ukusangana ephikelelayo iyiphi inkundla, ephelezelwa okuyize engazinzile noma cha bakheké ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuqukethwe ngokomzwelo ecacile, noma imibono eziphikelelayo overvalued;
• zidabukile inkulumo noswele ingqondo;
• khona iziyaluyalu ezifana ukuqina, injabulo, ukuntuleka izimpendulo zemibuzo, stupor, negativism;
• noshintsho ekuziphatheni, ukungasathandi emhlabeni futhi ukuxhumana nabanye abantu, abe yedwa;
• khona izimpawu ezingezinhle ezifana nokunganaki, ezingalungile noma ubumpofu imizwelo, ukuhoxiswa kwezenhlalo kanye nomphakathi engatheli.

ukuxilongwa umehluko

Schizophrenia e intsha kanye izingane ezincane sibonakalise izibonakaliso ezinje, okuyizinto esivela nezinye izifo eziningi, ngakho kudingeka ukuxilongwa umehluko. I Ochwepheshe msebenzi wokuthi yadalwa khona ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo, zezinzwa organic nokuphazamiseka engqondweni, ezinobuthi emzimbeni.

Uma ingane has bayasangana ukuthi abazali abangayenza? Badinga ukubona onguchwepheshe ukuze uthole izinkomba ukuhlolelwa ngokugcwele izinkinga zempilo, ezihlanganisa:

• ukuhlolwa;
• jikelele kanye kwamakhemikhali kwegazi;
• urinalysis;
• ECG;
• ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa nezinye izifundo (uma kunesidingo).

izinkombandlela ukwelashwa

"Schizophrenia" uphethwe isidingo isikimu classical yokwelashwa. Kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• ukwelashwa sibi;
• ukuzinza emkhayeni (dolechivatsya) ukwelashwa;
• ukwelashwa yesondlo.

Inhloso ukwelashwa sibi - ukuqedwa izimpawu (okuyize, ukuhhema, lengqondo iziyaluyalu). Ekwelapheni usebenzisa antipsychotics - izidakamizwa psychotropic. Lapho ukwelashwa sekudlulile eliletha ukuthula inikezwa izidakamizwa eye yasetshenziswa e esigabeni sokuqala kanye kwaba nomphumela omuhle. Neuroleptic esetshenziswa umthamo ephansi ukuqeda izimpawu. ukwelashwa abasekelayo wenziwa nge imithi efanayo, okuyinto iqedwe izimpawu zesifo, kodwa imithamo ezincane lukhulu ekuvimbeni ukuphinda kwezinkinga kokushelela.

Umonakalo yokwelapha kanye nesidingo ukwelashwa zenhlalo ezithinta ingqondo

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla "ukusangana" - ukuphazamiseka ezingamahlalakhona. Isibikezelo sezulu sezinsuku eside iningi iziguli engenathemba. Nokho, ngenxa izidakamizwa antipsychotic kungenzeka ukufeza ngcono iziguli. Ngo ekwelapheni bayasangana ezinganeni antipsychotics kabanzi. Umthelela izidakamizwa umzimba wengane azikaqondakali ngokugcwele. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngezinye izikhathi zibe nemiphumela engemihle. Ngakho, ukwelashwa - hhayi inqubo ephephile, kodwa awukwazi ungamlahli.

Umonakalo kusuka izidakamizwa psychotropic - esinye sezici ukwelapha isifo. Isici yesibili isidingo ukwelashwa zenhlalo ezithinta ingqondo. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa yezenhlalakahle amakhono, kokungenela ezihilela umkhaya, iziguli ukubeka ezikoleni ezikhethekile.

Ekuphetheni, kuyafaneleka ukuthi bayasangana umntwana, izimpawu zazo zihlukene - kuvamise kuyisifo esiwufuzo. Nokho, ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi akuwona wonke amacala twins monozygotic ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kokubili izingane ukugula nge sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ematfuba lapho ivela khona kuthonywa ufuzo hhayi kuphela. Lapho izimpawu of bayasangana udinga ukubona udokotela. Ukugula kudinga ukuhlola (sifo "ukusangana" ukuhlolwa okukhethekile is hhayi olwenziwa endaweni yokucwaninga, isithombe emtholampilo is kunakwe, isikhalazo kuyakuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo, izifundo ezengeziwe aqokwa). Lesi sifo futhi zidinga ukwelashwa eside futhi ukusetshenziswa anti-izidakamizwa emva ukususwa izimpawu etholakalayo.