Sakhiwo sangekhatsi frog. Izici frog isakhiwo

Frog - nomele ejwayelekile ye izilwane zasemhlabeni. Isibonelo salokhu isilwane bangayitadisha izici kwalo lonke ikilasi. Lesi sihloko likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe Sakhiwo sangekhatsi frog.

nemigubuzelo umzimba

Marsh frog uhlala imizimba amanzi namabhange abo. It has a isakhiwo esilula yangaphandle - inhloko ezibanzi flat, okuyinto buphela endaweni esifubeni esifushane, umsila encishisiwe, forelimbs iDemo ngeminwe ezine futhi enwetshiwe emuva - ne emihlanu. Kuyokusiza ukuba uqonde Sakhiwo sangekhatsi frog Umdwebo obonisa skeleton nogwali kwemisele emikhulu.

Okokuqala, sihlola isikhumba sesilwane. umzimba frog sika embozwe bushelelezi isikhumba angenalutho inala nezindlala ezinamangqamuzana amaningi ukuthi secrete isikhwehlela. Le mfihlo Athambisa isikhumba, ngokusiza ukugcina amanzi, sandla negesi lokushintshisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivikela nezilwanyana ezincane eziyingozi.

frog Izacile futhi nezimo isikhumba nje kuphela ivikela futhi abone lokho ezenzeka ngaphandle, kodwa futhi edlala indima ebalulekile negesi lokushintshisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, frog ubamba amanzi kuphela ngesikhumba. Yingakho kubalulekile esikhathini esiningi ungaphakathi umswakama noma amanzi.

skeleton

Ixoxo isakhiwo lwamathambo inezici mayelana nesigameko lithathelwe nokuhamba kwezindikimba Hock. Siqukethe ugebhezi, emgogodleni, izitho zomzimba skeleton esishintshashintshayo. Skull isicaba, ububanzi. Ezilwaneni ovuthiwe kusindisa semali uqwanga izicubu esihlanganisa amaxoxo izinhlanzi Crossopterygii.

emgogodleni iDemo imelelwa ukwahlukana ezine: isiqu, sacral, entanyeni umsila. emgogodleni wesibeletho siqukethe eyodwa vertebra okwesongo kuphela, kodwa sibonga ukuhamba alo frog ungatshekisela ikhanda lakho.

Wendlovu Isifunda sinezindawo amathambo eziyisikhombisa. Izimbambo sesilwane akukho. ingxenye Sacral nayo imelelwa vertebra olulodwa, wajoyina ukhalo. Kugcine, ukuhlukaniswa ezingemuva emelelwa eside ithambo urostyle kumiswa 12 amathambo tho okuyinto.

Ukwakheka frog ezithakazelisayo lwamathambo ngenxa izici ukwakha kwamalungu omzimba, okuyinto ukuxhuma emikhawulweni ibhande emgogodleni skeleton. forelimbs ibhande ihlanganisa sternum, izindwani ezimbili, iqhude, ababili amathambo clavicle ngokwayo forelimb siqukethe ehlombe, ibhodi lemisindo futhi isandla neminwe ezine (umunwe yesihlanu isakhasa).

indluzelekazi esitho ibhande ngenxa umthwalo esikhulu omkhulu ezingaphezu kuka ehlombe. Ubizwa amela tho amathambo okhalo. skeleton hindlimb kuhlanganisa e ubulungu yayo ethangeni, umbala kanye ngezinyawo izinzwane ezinhlanu. Ubude imilenze indluzelekazi, kabili kuya kulokutsatfu ezingaphezu kuka ngaphambili.

muscularity

imisipha Ixoxo zingahlukaniswa zibe imisipha ihlukene isiqu nasemilenzeni, imisipha esifubeni kukhona isakhiwo metameric (efana imisipha izinhlanzi). Imisipha yezingalo nemilenze yangemuva nemihlathi is ikakhulukazi kahle.

uhlelo alimentary

Izici frog isakhiwo kuyabonakala ku isibonelo isakhiwo kwesistimu yayo wokugaya ukudla. Zonke izibilini amphibian atholakala ngalo ingaphakathi coelomic. Lolu hlobo esikhwameni kabani izindonga akhiwa amangqamuzana EPITHELIAL. Ngaphakathi ingaphakathi iqukethe esincane ketshezi. Iningi izikhwama kuthathe ngokweqile, izitho zokugaya.

isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene iqala ingaphakathi oropharyngeal. On ulimi lakhona phansi enamathiselwe esebenzisa Ukhala ukubamba izinambuzane. Ngenxa isakhiwo engavamile ke uyakwazi ukuba ukhiphe ngesivinini kusukela umlomo futhi banamathela yisisulu.

amathambo LasePalatine, kanye engenhla nengezansi emhlathini namazinyo izilwane zasemhlabeni ezincane oyindilinga shape. Bakhonza hhayi ukuhlafuna kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukugcina ukukhiqizwa emlonyeni. Lena esinye isici izinhlanzi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni. Imfihlo, ethakwa by the nezindlala salivary, moisturizes ngalo ingaphakathi oropharyngeal nokudla. Lokhu kusiza kokungenisa yayo. ama-enzyme ngamathe frog ayiqukethe.

Amaxoxo ipheshana yesisu iqala pharynx. Lokhu kulandelwa emphinjeni, bese - esiswini. Ngemuva esiswini iyona duodenum, lonke emathunjini sibekwa izihibe. Iphela cloaca emathunjini. Amaxoxo udle nezindlala wokugaya ukudla - pancreas.

Caught ngosizo ukukhiqizwa ulimi uku oropharynx, bese ngokusebenzisa emphinjeni emphinjeni kuya esiswini. Amaseli sise izindonga esiswini, hydrochloric acid ahlukaniswe pepsin ekhuthaza ukugaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho isisindo semidigested kufanele sibe duodenum, okuyinto ayethela izimfihlo amanyikwe futhi ageleza isibindi Bile imbobo.

Kancane kancane zasondela duodenum ludlulele ngaphakathi emathunjini amancane, lapho zonke izakhi esikuthola. ukudla okusalile esingavunyelwe kugaywe, awela emathunjini yokugcina - ingemuva esifushane futhi ububanzi, ophela cesspool.

I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi frog kanti izibungu yayo zihlukile. Abantu abadala izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye zidla khona ikakhulu izinambuzane, kodwa tadpoles - kakhulu ezidla uhlaza yangempela. Emihlathini yazo ahlelwe uphondo ipuleti ngawo izibungu abangu esusa kanye ezincane ulwelwe eziphilayo kulezi eziphilayo unicellular.

umgudu wokuphefumula

izici ezithakazelisayo we Sakhiwo sangekhatsi touch frog nomoya. Iqiniso liwukuthi okuhambisana nokukhanya, indima omkhulu inqubo negesi lokushintshisana kudlala capillary gcwalisa isikhumba amphibian. Amaphaphu zibhangqwe izikhwama mncane-ngodonga surface anezikhala kwangaphakathi kanye Inethiwekhi ebanzi yophathina imithambo yegazi.

Njengoba kuheleza frog? Amphibian isebenzisa valve uyakwazi ibe ivula ivala emakhaleni futhi phansi ukunyakaza oropharynx. Ukuze donsa, amakhala zivulwa, futhi phansi komgodi oropharyngeal lehliselwa, futhi umoya emlonyeni frog. Ngakho waya emaphashini, amakhala ivaliwe, futhi phansi liyaphuma oropharynx. I okhishwa ngamakhala kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa wamaphaphu ukuwa odongeni ukunyakaza kwemisipha besisu.

Ngo kwabesilisa, le glottis lizungezwe ekhethekile arytenoid cartilages, okuyinto buhle yezwi. umthamo High inikezwa yi izikhwama izwi, okuyinto akhiwa mucosa we oropharynx.

uhlelo excretory

Sakhiwo sangekhatsi frog, noma kunalokho, layo uhlelo excretory, futhi ethakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba imikhiqizo udoti izilwane zasemhlabeni kungaba okuphumayo ukudlula emaphashini kanye isikhumba. Nokho iningi labo excreted ngu ezinsweni, lapho zitholakala ngaleso vertebra sacral. Sami efihlekile zingumzimba oblong, eseduze emuva. Lezi ejensi babe glomeruli ekhethekile labo abazokwazi gqwa imikhiqizo yegazi ukuphuka.

Umchamo ekhishwa ureters ku isinye, ukuthi lapho agcinwe. Emva ukugcwalisa, imisipha esinyeni ku besisu ebusweni cloaca encishisiwe kanye nama-liquid kukhishelwa ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile ngokusebenzisa cloaca.

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi

I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi frog liyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezu in inhlanzi. Inhliziyo i frog omdala, ezintathu-gumbi, ehlanganisa Atria emibili ventricle. Ngenxa olulodwa ventricular lwemithambo negazi emithambo yegazi kancane exubile, ukuzungeza ezimbili hhayi ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele. Infundibulum kokuba valve longitudinal Helical asuka ventricle futhi ihambisa exubile igazi lwemithambo kanye ezitsheni ezahlukene.

I-ATRIUM kwesokudla uya igazi okuxubile: emithambo yegazi livela izitho zangaphakathi lwemithambo - kusukela isikhumba. Esikhathini ATRIUM kwesokunxele ovela emaphashini engena igazi ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni.

Atria encishisiwe kanyekanye, negazi okuhamba ezimbili ventricle olulodwa. Ngenxa isakhiwo se-longitudinal valve lwemithambo yegazi ageleza eya izitho ikhanda nobuchopho, okuxubile - ezithweni futhi izingxenye zomzimba, futhi emithambo yegazi - isikhumba kanye namaphaphu. Izingane zesikole kungaba nzima ukuqonda Sakhiwo sangekhatsi frog. Ukushayela amphibian isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi kusiza ngeso lengqondo indlela kwegazi isebenza.

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi ka tadpoles has kwegazi kuphela eyodwa, ATRIUM nokukodwa ventricle, like inhlanzi.

Isakhiwo frog futhi igazi lomuntu lihlukile. Ixoxo zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ane-nucleus, i kobujamo obusaqanda, futhi indoda - umumo biconcave, umongo sishoda.

uhlelo endocrine

Uhlelo endocrine kuhlanganisa amaxoxo yegilo, wokuzala kanye amanyikwe, izindlala adrenal futhi pituitary. Indlala yegilo amahomoni ezidingekayo ukuze kuphelele baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele futhi silondoloze umzimba, ubulili nezindlala banesibopho zokukhiqiza. Kwamanyikwe ehilelekile ukugaya ukudla, izindlala adrenal ukusiza ekulawuleni umzimba. Indlala pituitary ukhiqiza eziningi hormone enomthelela ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhula nombala besikhumba saleso silwane.

isimiso sezinzwa

Isimiso sezinzwa frog elinesimo asezingeni eliphansi kwezentuthuko, lokhu kuyefana e izici ukuze isimiso sezinzwa zezinhlanzi, kodwa izici ezithuthukile. Ubuchopho ihlukaniswe 5 izigaba: Lesisemkhatsini, Lesisemkhatsini, phambi, medulla futhi cerebellum. I forebrain kahle athuthukile futhi ihlukaniswe yaba ama- ezimbili, ngayinye elinendawo ventricle lateral - umgodi ekhethekile.

Mayelana nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa ukunyakaza okuyisidina futhi ngokuvamile bengenandaba umsebenzi, lo cerebellum incane. Medulla emikhulu. Zonke zobuchopho frog aphume ngazimbili eziyishumi izinzwa.

izinzwa

Kuba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo e izilwane zasemhlabeni izinzwa elihlobene ne-okukhipha kusuka medium aqueous kusezweni elomile. Ziyakwazi kakade nzima ngaphezu e inhlanzi, njengoba kufanele zisize ukuzulazula emanzini futhi liqhube imisebenzi yezolimo. Ngo tadpoles athuthukile lateral line izitho.

Isendlalelo ezifihliwe epidermis ubuhlungu, ethintekayo kanye lokushisa receptor. Papillae olimini, esibhakabhakeni kanye imihlathi umsebenzi kwezitho zokunambitha. izitho olfactory aqukethe abhanqiwe izikhwama olfactory okuyinto zivulwa njengoba emakhaleni yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi ku imvelo futhi ingaphakathi oropharyngeal, ngokulandelana. Ngo amanzi, amakhala ivaliwe, ukunuka emizimbeni ningenzi.

Njengoba ukuzwa athuthukile maphakathi nendlebe lapho iyunithi agqamise kunyakaza umsindo ngokusebenzisa eardrum.

isakhiwo iso frog sika nzima, ngoba kuyadingeka ukuze ubone ngaphansi kwamanzi kanye emhlabathini. Vikela amehlo abantu abadala nezinkophe nezinqe nictitating ulwelwesi. Ngo tadpoles ekhulwini khona. I-cornea kuyinto frog iso lens convex - we-lenticular wangakwesokunxele. Amphibians ukubona kude ngokwanele futhi ube imibala.