Peter theotos 1: incazelo, umlando namaqiniso athakazelisayo

Amabutho omngcwabo kaPeter the Great yaba umhlane webutho laseMbusweni waseRussia. Zadalwa ngenkathi uRussia elwa nokufinyelela olwandle, ngakho-ke leli zwe lalinesidingo semigomo ehleliwe ehlelwe ngokuvumelana nesimo esisha, saseYurophu. UMbusi Wokuqala wabheka lo msebenzi ukuba ube omunye wemigomo yakhe eyinhloko ekuguquleni kwezombusazwe, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi impi yaseSweden yaqala, eyayiqhubeka cishe yonke inqubo yakhe yokubusa.

Izici ezijwayelekile zenkathi

Amasosha omngcwabo kaPetru 1 kufanele abhekwe njengengxenye yokuguqulwa kwezempi kwenkosi entsha, nakuba bevuka esikhathini lapho umbusi wesikhathi esizayo esasemncane. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, ukujwayela ukuguqula ibutho laseRussia kwacaca. Ngisho nababusi bangaphambilini bafuna ukuyihlelwa kabusha ngokusekelwe kwempumelelo emisha, ngokuhambisana nama model aseWestern Europe. Lokhu kwakudingeka kakhulu, njengoba ukungavinjelwa komzabalazo wezwe lethu lokufinyelela olwandle kwacaca. Kulokhu, amasosha amasha namasosha aqeqeshwe kahle adingekayo.

Isistimu yakudala yasendaweni yezempi ibutho, lapho wonke umuntu ohloniphekile, umnini-mhlaba eletha izinceku kanye nezinceku zakhe ekusebenzeni, kancane kancane waba yisikhathi esingasebenzi. Yingakho amabutho ahlekisayo kaPeter the Great, owadalwa ngokuhlanganyela kwabachwepheshe baseYurophu, abe yisisekelo sebutho elisha.

Dala

Kuyinto eyaziwa kahle ukuthi umbusi wokuqala wasebenzisa kakhulu ulwazi lwabanjiniyela bezinye izizwe, ochwepheshe bezempi nabakhi. Ngenkathi eseyinsizwa, wavakashela indawo yokuhlala yaseJalimane, lapho ehlangana khona futhi waba abangane nabantu abazobe sebehlelwe ukuba babe ngabasizi bakhe abakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezinguquko nokuziphatha kwempi. Kusukela esemncane, inkosi ibonise isithakazelo emidlalweni yempi, umzimba nokuzivocavoca. Wenza ekufakweni kwemigomo, izakhiwo kanye nezimpi ezilungisiwe.

Amageyimu ezempi amabutho amnandi kaPeter the Great abe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu: kwakungendlela ngale ndlela umbusi abe nesithakazelo esijulile enhlanganweni yezempi kanye nobuciko bokulwa. Yena ngokwakhe ngokwenza kwakhe wafunda ukuthatha izindlu ezingenasidingo nezinye izinto. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kunqume ukuthi ukunqoba kwezikhali zaseRussia phakathi nempi neSweden. Khona-ke umbusi ngokwakhe wayeqondisa ukusebenza, eqondiswa yilokho okuhlangenwe nakho ekutholeni imidlalo yezingane zakhe.

Indima yabangaphandle

Amasosha kaPeter Omkhulu ahlekisayo adalwe ngokuhlanganyela kwabakwaTsar, okwathi phakathi nenhlangano yabo bathembele ekuhlangenwe nakho kwabangane babo abavela emkhakheni owaziwayo. Okokuqala futhi okuyinhloko lapha igama likaFefort, owaba ngumngani wakhe wenkosi futhi wangenisa kuye uthando lomkhumbi wamabutho nempi. Wayengumuntu ofundele futhi ohlakaniphile owayenethonya elingathandabuzeki kumbusi osemusha. Lo wesifazane naye wasebenzisa iseluleko sakhe lapho ecabanga ngokujulile ngenhlangano ethize yezinhlelo zakhe.

Imikhosi yempi yamabutho ahlambalaza kaPetra yaholela ekutheni lezi zinqola, ezidalwe ezivela egcekeni lezingane nabafana abangaqeqeshiwe, zaqala ukuhlanganyela empini enzima namabutho aseYurophu futhi zanqobe ukunqoba. Indima enkulu enhlanganweni yabo yadlala nguP. Gordon, umlingani we-tsar kanye nomsekeli wezinguquko zakhe. Waba nesipiliyoni esikhulu sezempi futhi wasiza ukuguqula imibuthano ibe yilawo ma units ajwayelekile asempi futhi ekulungele ukulwa. U-Gordon wayengeyena kuphela udokotela, kodwa futhi u-theoretician. Ukuthola ulwazi olubanzi ezindabeni zempi, wayengumhleli omuhle kakhulu, futhi amasosha ayeqeqeshwe nguye ayebhekwa njengabadlali abakhulu kakhulu.

Menshikov

Amabutho ahlekisayo kaPetru Omkhulu, onendaba yakhe kulokhu kubuyekezwa, avela ngokuhlanganyela ngokuqondile kuka-Alexander Danilovich, umsizi oseduze kakhulu nomngani we-tsar kuzo zonke izindaba zakhe kanye nezenzo zakhe. Wabamba iqhaza ekwakheni amasosha, yena ngokwakhe wakhonza lapho esikhundleni somdlali. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwamsiza ukuba abe ngumlawuli omkhulu kunazo zonke ePinetrine.

Ukuqeqeshwa

Indima enkulu ekwakheni ibutho elivamile ladlalwa ngamabutho ahlekisayo kaPetru Omkhulu. Umbiko omfushane wabo uhlanganisa amaqiniso ayisisekelo, ebaluleke kakhulu enhlanganweni yabo nokuqeqesha. Ngisho nasebuncane bakhe, insizwa encane, engakhuli kahle, yaqala ukuhlela impi yempi eyenziwe ngcono. Ngenkathi eneminyaka eyishumi nanye ubudala, waqala ukuhlela lezi zigaba emkhakheni, ngenxa yalokho ukuzijabulisa kwezingane ezivamile kwaba yizifundo zangempela ezingokoqobo. Emzaneni wase-Preobrazhensky idolobhana elincane lakhiwa, okwakungumsebenzi wokusebenza futhi, ekugcineni, ukuhlaselwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inkosi ngokwayo yaba nengxenye ekhuthele ekwakheni kwakhe.

Ukubhaliswa nokuqeqeshwa

Ngo-1691, amasosha ahlekisayo athola inhlangano efanele futhi ahlukaniswa yaba imibuso emibili : Preobrazhensky noSemenovsky. Ngonyaka olandelayo bafakwa eMgodini waseMoscow futhi ngaleyo ndlela baba yingxenye egcwele yebutho laseRussia. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ukuzivocavoca okuyaziwa kahle kwaqhutshelwa eningizimu yenhloko-dolobha. Kwakhelwe inqaba yokhuni, eyayivikelwa abacibishelayo nezicukuthwane. Amabutho amasha ayephoqeleka ukuba awele umfula futhi athathe lesi sakhiwo ngesiphepho. Ekucaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lo mcimbi uzoba semfundo emvelweni, kodwa izinhlangothi zombili zithathwa kangangokuba izenzo ezihlekisayo zaphenduka impi yangempela, lapho kwakulimala khona abaningi futhi ngisho nokubulawa komunye.

Izici zokuhamba

Phakathi nalokhu kuvivinya, amasosha aseTsar ahlasele yonke imithetho yobuciko bezempi: bakhonsa izigqoko nezinhlanzi, bathatha amaxhaphozi ebumba, bawela umfula, bahlakaza iziqongo. Amasosha ashesha ngokubhekana nomsebenzi uPetru 1 owawabuyisela futhi wacela ukuba athathe kabusha inqaba. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwakuqiniswe kakhulu futhi kuvikelwe, ngakho-ke ukuthunjwa kwalo kwakubhekwa njengempumelelo ebalulekile yemibuso emisha. Umbusi wayelungiselela impi, ngakho ukuqhutshwa kwakuqhutshwa ngaphansi kobuholi bukaGordon, uthisha wezempi we-emperor wesikhathi esizayo.

Okushoyo

Ulwazi mayelana namabutho amahlaya kaPetru Omkhulu agcinwe ngemibhalo yesandla engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-18 nguP. Krekshin. Inhlangano nokuqeqeshwa kwamasosha ngendlela entsha yenza umqondo omuhle kubantu abaphila ngesikhathi esifanayo. Akukaze kube nakho okufana nalokhu okwenzekile enkantolo yasebukhosini. Ukuphumelela kokuqeqeshwa kwezempi okwenziwe ngcono kwakusobala ukuthi kokubili imibuso yaqala ukubamba iqhaza kuzo zonke imikhankaso enkulu yempi kaPeter Alekseevich.