Particulate isisefo udizili - kuyini? Ukufakwa, ngamanzi futhi esikhundleni lemifanekiso particulate

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani diesel kukhona phakathi ethandwa kakhulu. Kodwa ngo-diesel yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini, kanye uphethiloli, uphethiloli akuyona ziphele nya. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-gas qeda akhiwa ahlukahlukene anobuthi futhi imfuyo umdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banayo futhi omnyama, ngoba hydrocarbon zishiswa awangaphelela. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani kowezi-2000 njengoba amasosha imvelo lakhiwe nendinganiso ezingeni kwekhabhoni leyingoti imvelo. Automakers, ukuze imikhiqizo yabo ukuze lezi zilinganiso luhambelana nani, waqala ukufaka isihlungi particulate ku udizili. Kuyini nokuthi usebenza kanjani, odinga ukukwazi labo ukukhwela diesels. Namuhla sizozama ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo.

imisebenzi esemqoka

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukusetshenziswa kwalezi amadivayisi, kudingeka uthinte on isihloko imfucuza amagesi. Liqukethe eziningi ezinobuthi kakhulu futhi umdlavuza e qeda yezimoto. Ngakho, i-carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon unburned, aldehydes, nesibabule oxides, tetraethyl abe nomthelela eziyingozi kakhulu emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ingxenye amagesi qeda izimoto udizili, ikakhulukazi amaloli esindayo, eliningi e umule.

Ukuze kuncishiswe lokuhlushwa ukuthi ingxenye ekuklanyweni imoto yesimanje owethulwa udizili particulate zokuhlunga. Kuyini le ngxenye? Lokhu kuyinto efana kulethe e injini uphethiloli.

Uyini-elementi

Ngakho, le foni iwukudambisa umule - umkhiqizo kukhiqizwa ngesikhathi omlilo of diesel. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama - evaliwe (DPF) avaliwe benethuba ukuvuselelwa (FAP).

Ukuze zonke alula, eqinisweni, lezi izingxenye auto izimoto angaphandle abanalo kudivayisi kunalokho xaka. Kungakhathaliseki version, lemifanekiso kuyinto isilinda metallic. Okukuwo amashubhu - input bese okukhipha. Okuphuma ixhumeke ohlelweni qeda gas nokuhlanzwa.

Okuxhunyanwa isihlungi element - matrix ekhethekile eyenziwe Silicon Carbide. It is ebiyelwe a isilinda ezenziwe metal. Isakhiwo saleli-matrix - Mesh. Ngokuphathelene kwesigaba amaseli, khona-ke ngokuvamile kuba isikwele cross-section. Kodwa amaseli iyashelela kokuba i ijamo octagonal.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lemifanekiso for udizili has a sebuningini izinzwa e isakhiwo. Lokhu inzwa ukulungisa ingcindezi umehluko, futhi inzwa input bese okukhipha lokushisa.

Umgomo we operation

Usayizi owodwa carbon izinhlayiya black cishe 0.05 microns. Ngokusho ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali lo mkhiqizo omunye ngaphandle carbon ezivamile. Ngemva kokuzindela lalezi zinhlobo ngendlela evamile, kunzima kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu cell. Ukuze abambe black carbon, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isimiso okusheshayo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ejwayelekile udizili particulate isisefo onjani idivayisi, kudingeka ubheke ngaphakathi kwalo.

Ngakho, isihlungi ngaphakathi matrix sobumba. Lena uchungechunge amashubhu, ngesikhathi imikhawulo eduze ivaliwe. Ngaphakathi lokhu matrix amagesi qeda ivela injini Nokho, lapho amagesi faka tube, bese ususa ongalifinyelela. Khona-ke, ngokusebenzisa izindonga amashubhu, awela isikhala eduze evulekile bese ungathola kuzo matrix. Ngo inqubo nokuhanjiswa kwe- ngisho izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo abasasele lemifanekiso, okusho ukuthi senza umsebenzi waso.

Likuphi lemifanekiso udizili particulate

Thola lento ngeke kube nzima. Lemifanekiso ngokuvamile ukufakwa uhlelo imoto qeda. Ngenxa netimphawu teluhlakasimo lweSitatimende lento kungatholakala phakathi okokunciphisa umsindo futhi Converter okhanda amanye amathuba. Kwezinye izimo, idivayisi kungenziwa kuhlangene ekwandeni futhi itholakala ngqo ngemuva ezininginingi qeda. Kube igesi lokushisa esiphezulu, futhi isihlungi okunjalo enamathela okhanda amanye amathuba.

amasu okusebenza

Ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo lemifanekiso udizili particulate ku udizili, intengo impela high (mayelana 900 euro), kubalulekile ukuba silondoloze imoto kahle. Into wukuthi enqubeni wokuhlanza amagesi qeda we cell kanye tube avimbekile umusi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-injini diesel.

Encishisiwe isihlungi throughput futhi kwandisa ukumelana okukhiphayo qeda amagesi. abakhiqizi abaningi ukunweba ukuphila kwalesi isitokwe phezulu ngaphandle isidingo esikhundleni njalo, isicelo algorithm olukhethekile lemifanekiso lapho ezingeni yokugcwalisa iyahlolwa. Uma lemifanekiso ugcwele, ukuze amandla injini elahlekile, ukusebenzisa ukuvuselelwa zokuhlunga.

Izimbangela kahle esincishisiwe

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani izihlungi ivimbekile. Isizathu esiyinhloko - ikhwalithi ye-diesel. Uma ugcwalisa eliphansi uphethiloli imoto semali umule - ukuhlunga ngokushesha iba avimbekile, okuyinto kunciphisa ukuphila kwebhetri.

Esinye isizathu - yokuntuleka lokushisa. Ngakho, umule uyaphakama awangaphelela. Into ungubani, okungukuthi isihlungi udizili particulate ku udizili. Kuyini lokhu? It hhayi kuphela retards le kuyizinhlayiyana, kodwa futhi igcina izinga lokushisa wokushisa kubo. Nokho, kufanele kusho ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka lapho kufika ukushisa amagesi qeda kuphezulu futhi hhayi ngaphansi kuka-600 degrees Celsius. Ngezinye amazinga aphansi ngeke ushise umule.

Esinye sezizathu ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa igesi futhi secrete eziningana. Lokhu ukushayela izindlela, ukuminyana, kahle fuel omlilo inqubo. Ngakho, ngo-izinga lokushisa uhlelo aliphumi lapho ijubane liphansi nangemifanekiso enyakazayo futhi kuhambisana izitobhi njalo.

ukulawula isimo

Ukuze bakwazi ukuqapha isimo ohlelweni, ohlelweni qeda yenjini udizili ifakwe imishini yokuhlola. Kuhlanganisa lokushisa nokucindezelwa izinzwa. Lezi zici ukunikeza izimpawu electronic control unit, nokuthi inquma isihlungi noma egcwele okwamanje. Lapho i-elementi ugcwele kakhulu, qala ekuhlungeni.

Indlela ukuhlanza

Ukuze ukubuyisela nekusebenta injini egcwele particulate lemifanekiso, nje usebenzise amasu ezimbalwa ezilula azosiza ukusebenzisa i-self-yokuhlanza. Dor kungaba kokubili yekwentiwa kanye nohlobo asebenzayo. Kunoma ikuphi, le nqubo ithatha indawo yi-amandla omlilo yentshede kanye amapayipi ukukhululwa kanye mapayipi.

Ukuze inqubo ukuvuselelwa ingasetshenziswa ngokwenza ngcono Ukushisa qeda gas, izithasiselo noma ukugeza lemifanekiso particulate. Izithasiselo ukusiza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lapho umule uyozishisa. A ugeze nge ejenti ekhethekile ukusiza ukuhlanza lemifanekiso.

Indlela ukuvuselelwa yokwenziwa

yokuhlanza onjengalowo ungaholela ngqo umshayeli. On isidingo ukuvuselelwa azobika inkomba okuhambisanayo. Iqale futhi le nqubo kuyadingeka, uma isikhulumi noma kwanciphisa amandla injini.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuhlinzekela ukwanda lokushisa qeda amagesi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokushayela imoto uma ithwele umthwalo omningi. Enough ukushayela 30-40 km kuya lemifanekiso kususwa ngokuphelele futhi konke umule ngomlilo. Eyesibili inketho - ukusetshenziswa fuel izithasiselo ekhethekile.

ukuvuselelwa asebenzayo

Lokhu angasayindwa kwabangela ngokuzenzakalelayo ECU isilawuli. Ngenxa yalesi electronics ihlaziya ulwazi kusukela inzwa lokushisa nokucindezelwa inzwa. It yazisa electronic control unit ukuthi lemifanekiso ivimbekile kanye inzwa ngokuvumelana lokushisa. Uma akwanele ukuba kushiswe omnyama ngokuphelele, computer kungaba ngaphezu kwalokho bafake fuel ngesikhathi okukhipha qeda. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba ashise umule ku qeda. Iphinde ikuvumela ukuze kukhushulwe izinga lokushisa ezingeni oyifunayo.

Uma esiqeshini qeda kanye unezinye imishini okuyinto kwandisa Ukushisa we igesi qeda, le ECU uzisebenzise.

wokuwasha

Le nqubo kudinga ketshezi ekhethekile. Inqubo kakhulu efanayo sisonke lincike ohlotsheni imoto.

Ngakho, lemifanekiso isuswe kanye izimbobo ukuyivala. Khona-ke uthele yokuhlanza ketshezi ukuze ugcwalise lonke ivolumu lemifanekiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo kufanele bangiyeka amahora ayishumi, kuyilapho ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqathake zokuhlunga. Ngemva kwalokho, le nto is wageza ngamanzi afudumele futhi ayeba emuva emotweni. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ukutshezi kanye ngayinye - indlela yokuhlanza. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ngaphambi kokwenza lezi izinqubo.

Ukugeza nokuhlanzeka yokuhlanza kuzosiza ukunweba isici ukusebenza, ngoba esikhundleni lemifanekiso particulate - a isiphakamiso eqolo. Kodwa ekugcineni, ukuphila eziseza. Kunconywa ukushintsha izihlungi ngemva 180,000 amakhilomitha.

Gqoka lokhu design ukuthonywa isimo izimoto ngokuyinhloko, izinga fuel, kanye ukushayela isitayela. Uma imoto eba sebunzimeni eside, esikhundleni timphawu kungadingeka ngaphambili.

Ngakho esiphethweni kungani lokhu ucezu emotweni. Udizili particulate lemifanekiso, kanye nezinye izingxenye auto izimoto angaphandle, - kuyingxenye ebalulekile izimoto zanamuhla. Lo msuka ngcono isimo emvelweni emhlabeni futhi kuba impilo yabantu. Quality imvelo - umphakathi omuhle nezingane bajabule.