Papin, Denis - genius esibi

Mayelana naye ngokuvamile bhala ukuthi wazalwa ekuqaleni kuka kakhulu - phakathi ezimpini zenkolo kuqala inkathi yeziNguquko esontweni, wayengekho esigodlweni. Wabonakala ukukhanya okungenani iminyaka eyikhulu kamuva - amathalente akhe kanye namandla oluyoletha izinzuzo esengeziwe ukuchuma izinguquko kwezezimboni.

Kodwa bekungaba ukuza ngaphandle abantu abafana Papen? Denis - lo umuntu yini owenza ukuthi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVII ukusheshisa entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe okuningi kakhulu.

Udokotela-waphenduka-physics

kudabuka kwakhe kwaba Shiten edolobheni indawo encane eseduze Blois - Centre Loir-futhi-Cher, France. Uyise - a Umeluleki wenkosi Denis Papin (Denis ithole igama lakhe). Usosayensi owazalelwa esizayo akuyona ncamashi eyaziwa, kodwa lowo kuvezwa Umlandvomphilo - Agasti 22, 1647 - usuku ubhapathizo. Izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo Papen umndeni ingeyamakhosi amaHuguenot - legatsha French amaProtestani.

Yikuphi waziwa ngokuthi physics esidumile French Denis Papin wathola non-core imfundo. Emkhayeni kamama - Madlen Pino - konke ngokwesiko besilisa babe odokotela, nendodana yakhe endala, yena ukuthola imfundo yezokwelapha. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu esikoleni ongumJesuit e 1661 waqala ukutadisha izindaba wezokwelapha e-University of Angers.

ngokushesha Othisha nabanye abafundi ekilasini Denis waphawula ukuthi imithi ithwala kuye kancane kakhulu kunesizungu mathematics ne-physics. Babekwazi ukubona intshiseko esisobala ucwaningo ngokomzimba, eyabonisa Papen. Denis ngabhekana nobunzima lapho kukhululwa eyunivesithi, futhi Ukukhishwa kwesitifiketi beqeda imfundo ethatha ngaye yabonakaliswa ukuzehlisa sobala. Noma kunjalo, ifika eParis 1670 ngenhloso ukuqala umsebenzi njengoba udokotela.

Umsizi Hristiana Gyuygensa

Njengoba kwakuyisiko, ayenakho izincwadi zokutusa ukubiza usizo azinze enhlokodolobha. Omunye wabo yalotshelwa unkosikazi ngesikhulu esithile sasebukhosini, uJean-Baptiste Colbert - UMarie Charron, umzukulu ezindaweni ezifanayo ukuthi Papen. Denis ngesikhathi ingxoxo nomyeni wakhe ngesifiso sakhe bahlanganyele ucwaningo, futhi kwaba lucky. Colbert egameni inkosi wahlela iqembu umsebenzi iqhaza ososayensi adumile Hristiana Gyuygensa, okwakufanele umsizi. Denis wathatha ngomdlandla le ndawo.

Waqala ukuze uzosiza ngokushunyayelwa kwezindaba Huygens nokucwaninga nge cleaner, okuyinto ke wayenesithakazelo umDashi abadumile. Ikakhulukazi, ephelelisiwe isifutho emoyeni, obadalwa ngosizo isimo cleaner, okokuqala ngokusebenzisa valve akhethekile. Ngo 1674 wakhipha umqulu ncwadi Papen "ucwaningo okusha nge wokulahlekelwa", anikezelwe imithelela imvelo airless izitshalo nangemisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo. Umsebenzi we Papen kanye futha bakhe bezwa uRobert Boyle, omunye wabasunguli be-British Royal Society, okuyinto wamema engumFulentshi eLondon.

Papin eNgilandi

Kusukela 1676 kuya 1681 wasebenza London, ngekubambisana obuseduze Boyle, futhi kamuva nabanye ososayensi abaqavile - Robert uHooke. It inikeza ucwaningo ukutadisha izakhiwo amagesi, kanyekanye nencenye emsebentini wekwakha yabo.

Ngo 1679 Waletha wakhe wokusungula - "i-digester entsha, noma iyindlela ukuthambisa amathambo" - sibonelo lamadolobha esimanjemanje ingcindezi cooker futhi autoclave for ukwelashwa ukushisa materials ahlukahlukene. Uma kwenziwa kule divayisi wasebenzisa ulwazi wayethole njengoba se-physics. Denis Papin ezihlongozwayo ukusebenzisa lapho upheka inyama kukhuphuke Ingcindezi ebangelwa bafudumale. cauldron lakhe - esibuthakathaka ngekhava, okuyinto ziboshelwe ngezikulufo, okuyinto livumela yobunzima. Ikhava yafakwa valve kuhlaziywe umthwalo, okuvumela ukuba dlala ingcindezi ngokweqile.

Kodwa umsunguli jeza bibizane - kubhayela yakhe ayizange wathola ngokoqobo. Isikulufa nokubopha kube nzima ukusebenzisa, ukungakwazi ngokushesha adedele zonke emoyeni emva ukupheka ekupheleni balwisana nzuzo ngesikhathi - kwadingeka alinde isikhathi lwaluyophola ukukhipha ikhava. imodeli Ukusebenza we cooker ecindezelwa kuphela ngemva ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka.

Usizi yeYurophu

Ngo 1681 waya e-Italy ngokumenywa Giovanni Ambrosio Sarotte, umongameli we-Venice Academy of Science ngokuphathelene, ngubani ngiphuphe sokuwunikeza ukubaluleka, elifana ezazinamacilongo Paris Academy kanye iRoyal Society of London. Kodwa imizamo yakhe ashabalala lapho sinqatshiwe uxhaso kuhulumeni.

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani kwaqina ukushushiswa amaProthestani, kodwa ngenxa ukuqedwa uLouis XIV mithetho yenzelwe ukuvikela amalungelo amaHuguenot, Papin ilahlekelwe ithuba abuyele ezweni lenkaba yawo. Nge 1684 i 1687 wasebenza London, bese bathuthela eJalimane, futhi uphethe isikhundla uprofesa wezibalo e-University of iMarburg. Elapho enquma ukushada umzala wakhe, ababebalekele lapho sishushiswa eFrance kwesokunxele umfelokazi nge indodakazi abasha ngezingalo zakhe.

Umsunguli wendlela injini umusi

Ngo 1690 wakhipha umqulu incazelo kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi amanzi uzotshala, okuyinto kuqala wasebenzisa injini umusi. Ukusungulwa kwe-motor, usebenzisa amandla umusi, zabe isipiliyoni esikubonile phakathi imisebenzi yakhe digester. Wabe ngawezwa khona amandla amandla wokuqala umusi eshubile. imininingwane Design baye ziyacaca ngezindlela eziningi ngokuhamba ukuxhumana ne Gottfried Leibniz, ekuxoxeni inqwaba yezinkinga theory ne practical yesayensi ezaholela kule isazi okukhulu naye. Denis Papin asetshenziswa nini ngokokuqala ngqá ukupheka umusi ashisayo esitsheni ehlukile - imbiza - futhi valve ukuphepha, ngezindlela eziningi ezenziwe ukusetshenziswa real umusi injini. Ososayensi ukuphakamisa ukusebenzisa drive yakho ngoba ezinqoleni self ezinezinjini nezikebhe, yakwazi ukuqhubekela phambili ngokushesha ngokumelene wamanje, usebenzisa isondo gwedla.

Umqondo we-ngesitimu emfuleni yizitha inhlangano enamandla emfuleni abathwali ukuthi wabona esincintisana oqinile emkhunjini, okuyinto isakhiwa Denis Papin. Portrait of a usosayensi ku ngemuva umkhumbi self ezinezinjini, ibulala isixuku esingaka boatmen futhi boatmen bavame ishicilelwe kule izincwadi zomlando, nakuba ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana leli qiniso engakaze balondolozwa.

Papen wayekade eziphambili nezinye esivelele sikhathi imibono. Phakathi kwabo - entsha ingilazi ukuncibilika somlilo, le Ballista yasekuqaleni - amacala isibhamu isikhathi sokuphonsa amabanga amade, kuhlanganise esebenzisa umoya (sibonelo of amabhomu rocket ezinezinjini). Ngo igalelo lakhe - ngwenya, isimiso wokusebenza wesithando kuqhuma, ukusetshenziswa cleaner yokugcina yesikhathi eside ukudla, futha centrifugal.

ithuna Nameless kanye lesikhumbuzo elikhulu

Usuku olunembile kokufa usosayensi oluvelele ayaziwa, kanye indawo ingcwaba lakhe. Kukholakala ukuthi wafa phakathi 1712 kanye 1714. e-London. Papen Eminyakeni yamuva kuye koniwa ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo imali kanye ezingqubuzana iRoyal Society, okuyinto inselele igunya lakhe kokusungulwa kubhayela umusi.

Ngu-honours njengoba ingxenye kakhulu eminyakeni eyikhulu ngasekupheleni deserved, kamuva yaklonyeliswa Denis Papin. Portrait of nososayensi ihlobise Paris Academy, iRoyal Society wayesemathuneni zonke izincwadi ku emlandweni wesayensi. Umxhwele usayizi zethusi esifanekisweni efakwe ekhaya Blois physics.

Ukubona wayeyisazi siqondwa ngokungeyikho, futhi isetshenziselwa ukufakazela ukuthi inguquko kwezezimboni futhi spurt kwezobuchwepheshe, ephelele ekhulwini XIX, futhi izimpande French.