Paleogene isikhathi - isikhathi kumiswa ezincelisayo. Paleogene isici

Ezinye nezikhathi we Geological umlando Omhlaba, Paleogene, le Devonian, eCambria, isibonelo, kuhluke umfutho ushintsho emhlabathini. Ngakho, 570 mln.- 480 kwezigidi ezingu edlule, ngokungazelelwe uvele eziningi imithombo. abayizigidi ezingu-400 - iminyaka 320 kwezigidi ezingu edlule, ziye zafinyelela ukuhamba kwayo isiqongo orogenic. On izwe laqala ukusakaza izimila eziveza imbewu, uvele izilwane zasemhlabeni. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu izinkathi ezimatasa yomlando eMhlabeni umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Paleogene n-d uqweqwe isakhiwo liyinkimbinkimbi. Ngezindlela eziningi wayefana yesimanje.

Izici izimo zemvelo

Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi kumiswa uqweqwe isakhiwo emhlabeni bahlala lokushisa kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu. Lokhu kufakazelwa nokudlanga izimo ogwadule, ukusatshalaliswa esihuquzelayo, ukuvela izinambuzane (Paleogene, Perm). isikhathi Triassic imakwe ukuvela ezincelisayo bakudala izibankwakazi kuqala. On ezweni elibuswa izitshalo coniferous. Esikhathini Paleogene yayinesimo sezulu esipholile. Ngo okushisa enkabazwe akwazi ukuxoxa degrees 28, futhi kule ndawo eduze North Sea -. 22-26.

nokuklanywa

Phakathi Paleogene kwakukhona esishintshashintshayo ezinhlanu:

• 2 esihle.
• Equatorial.
• 2 ezishisayo.

Amazinga aphakeme ngokwedlulele okushisa ukunyusele weathering asebenzayo. Izinsalela imikhiqizo laterite futhi kaolinite core kanye redeposition zabo baziwa isihlangu Brazilian e-California, e-India, e-Afrika futhi iziqhingi Indo-Malay Archipelago. Esikhathini bhé ingxenye basungula ezimanzi siluhlaza amahlathi. Sinenkosi ezinye izici ezifanayo kanye afanayo akhona namuhla e-sub-Saharan Africa kanye lase-Amazon. Wet Ezishisayo ayefanekisela ngoba eNtshonalanga Yurophu, e-United States, izifunda eseningizimu nemaphakathi ka eMpumalanga Yurophu, ezingxenyeni zasentshonalanga yaseChina Asia. Esifundazweni saseningizimu zonebyli ezivamile umswakama-onothando siluhlaza amahlathi. Kwakukhona ferriallitnoe futhi weathering lateritic. ezishisayo Wik ihlanganisa ingxenye eyinhloko Australia, izingxenye eNingizimu. America nase-South Africa.

ezisondelene nazo

Bakhandwa kwasakazwa the enyakatho United States kanye platform East European, eningizimu iCanada, iJapane neMpumalanga Ekude. Bekanye izihlahla broadleaf ekutshaleni abangu enwetshiwe kulezi zindawo. ENingizimu Nenkabazwe ezisondelene nazo ezazivamile eningizimu yeChile futhi Argentina, New Zealand ne-South. Australia. Amazinga isilinganiso amanzi ebusweni ku epicontinental kwezilwandle ibhande kwaba degrees akukho kuka-18. Mhlawumbe izimo ukuvala ngokulinganisela, wambambezela ezindaweni eNyakatho Ekude laseNyakatho zwekazi American, eNhlonhlweni eKamchatka empumalanga yeSiberia. Phakathi Eocene, ubukhulu ezishisayo esishintshashintshayo enkabazwe kwelulwe kakhulu, izimo ezisondelene nazo ezilahlekelwe kude ukuba ezindaweni ezibandayo.

Paleogene isici

Yaqala 65 million, yaphela iminyaka eyizigidi 23.5 edlule. Njengentfo lehlukile Paleogene labelwe Naumann ngo-1866, yena kwahlanganiswa Kuze kube kuleli qophelo ohlelweni ephakeme. Isakhiwo uqweqwe kanye abadala nabasha samanje ezisekelweni. ukusabalala izindawo kwakamuva ngokwanele ezinkulu e geosynclinal nesibaya amabhande. endaweni yabo njengoba kuqhathaniswa ne ekuqaleni Mesozoic, kakhulu kwehle endaweni yePacific. Lapha ekuqaleni Cenozoic inkathi kwakukhona olubanzi eligoqiwe entabeni esifundeni. Ngo Nenkabazwe eNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia. Lezi platform ezimbili lalinabashumayeli uxhaxha zokwakheka lasendulo futhi abasha. Bahlanganyela Atlantic elisemcengezini, kodwa endaweni yoLwandle iBering, namuhla ekhona ukuthi yizinto ezihlobene. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli zwekazi ka Gondwana esase sikhona kakade. Antarctica-Australia amazwekazi ehlukile. I-Ningizimu Melika nase-Afrika zazixhunywe kuze kube Eocene phakathi.

Flora

Paleogene Cainozoe ezahlukene ikuyo yonke indawo ukubusa angiosperms futhi softwood (gymnosperms). Lesi sakamuva Kwasakazwa kuphela kule zindawo eziphakeme. Ezisenkabazwe lanqoba ngo owakhula izitshalo ogxile iraba, izihlahla kanye nabamele ehlukahlukene ngokuthi i-sandalwood. Ngesikhathi enkabeni yaleli zwekazi ubuswa nasemahlathini bese amathafa. Ezindaweni Ephakathi babe izindawo ukusabalala tropical izitshalo umswakama-onothando nezitshalo ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele. Kwakukhona nezihlahla zohlinzamfuku, wembadada, isinkwa kanye banana izihlahla. Ezindaweni latitude okusezingeni eliphezulu zinhlobo Ukwakheka kwashintsha kakhulu. Lapha esikhathini Paleogene wakhula Araucaria, arborvitae, nemisayipuresi, yebo isihlekehleke somuthi, umfire, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela, redwood, Myrtle. Bonke babethenga abameleli ejwayelekile of flora ezisondelene nazo. Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo esikhathini Paleogene kwaba kanye e-Arctic Circle. EMelika, Northern Europe kanye Arctic ubuswa amahlathi coniferous kanye ezibanzi enezicabha lezihlahla. Kodwa kwakhula kulezi zindawo futhi izitshalo nakwezifudumele, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. On ukuthuthukiswa yabo nokukhula ayinayo nomphumela othize kobusuku polar.

nezilwane ezihamba ezweni

Izilwane esikhathini Paleogene kuyinto ngokuphelele ehlukile kulokho babephambi. Esikhundleni izibankwakazi babe ezincelisayo ezincane lasekuqaleni. Bahlanganyela ugcwale ihlathi zone kanye emaxhaphozini. Okuphawulekayo kwanciphisa inani izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezihuquzelayo. Baqala ukusakaza proboscidian, ingulube kanye tapiropodobnye, indikoterievye (sifana kunobhejane). Iningi lazo aguqulelwe enifeza esikhathini esiningi emanzini. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka Paleogene planethi kwaqala ukuba bahlale njengoba okhokho amahhashi, namagundane zinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngandlela-thile kamuva wabonakala creodontas (izilwane ezidla ezinye). Iziqongo izihlahla waqala ukuba luthathe inyoni nezisini. Savannah uhlalwe diatrimy okuzingela. Abakwazanga ukundiza inyoni. Izinambuzane ziye okwethulwa ezihlukahlukene amafomu. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-Paleogene yaqala ukubonakala lemurs - abamele amaqembu bakudala kakhulu wezinkawu - prosimians. Futhi waqala ezweni marsupial ezinkulu. Phakathi kwabo zaziwa nabameleli herbivorous futhi ezidla.

abameleli zasolwandle

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka Paleogene waqala iqhakaza ka bivalve molluscs kanye cephalopods. Ngokungafani zinhlobo langaphambilini, bona owakhiwe amanzi hhayi kuphela anosawoti omningi, kodwa amachibi brackish nasemanzini agelezayo. Ezinye gastropods esezinzile ku emathafeni. okungajwayelekile sea urchin zidla babé zisakazekele kakhulu phakathi kwezinye ezingenamgogodla, izipanji, bryozoans, amakhorali, umlawuli wekhompyutha. amanani amancane banikezwe ezinamagobolondo decapod. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa imfanzi isikhuphashe. Kakhulu ziyancipha kuqhathaniswa ngaphambili nezikhathi indima brahoipod futhi bryozoans. Ngenxa ucwaningo lwamuva, kwatholakala ukuthi i-value ekhethekile phakathi eziphilayo ngesikhathi kwadingeka abameleli nanoplankton - kokkolitofridy encanyana. I zezimbali lezi ulwelwe segolide zaba Eocene. Ndawonye nabo, thina zinenani rockforming siliceous diatomaceous futhi flagellates. Sea owakhiwe futhi ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. Phakathi kwabo, lo obanzi kunayo ukusetshenziswa bony izinhlanzi. Futhi, nolwandle nazo ubuhanjelwe yilabo abamele we uqwanga - rays kanye Akulovo. Baqala avele okhokho imikhomo, kwakhala, amahlengethwa.

platform East-European

Phakathi Paleogenic njengoba neogene isikhathi ukwakheka elise izimo zwekazi. Ukukhethwa kwaba izingxenye zawo onganakiwe. Abhekana kuka okuncane futhi waqala liyombozwa yolwandle engajulile. Ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yesikhulumi East YaseYurophu ngo Cenozoic lihlotshaniswa izinguquko zone iMedithera. Ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi ukwehlisa, bese - lift enkulu. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli Paleogene sagged platform, eyakhelene ibhande iMedithera. Ngo yolwandle engajulile waqala buthelela carbonate-clayey futhi inhlabathi anesihlabathi. Ngu ekupheleni Paleogene umcengezi waqala wehlise ngokushesha, futhi esikhathini esilandelayo - Neogene - ezakhiwe umbuso ezwekazini.

platform eSiberia

Wayengumngane izimo zihluke kuka-Eastern Europe. Phakathi Cenozoic inkathi platform laseSiberia ke wethulwe ngesimo endaweni sezingeni eliphezulu oluphakeme ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Ngaqala ukwakha uhlelo sezintaba isiqondiso enyakatho-mpumalanga. Ukuphakama amaketanga anda isiqondiso kwendawo ebizwa ngokuthi Baikalsky egumbini. Ekupheleni kuka-AD uvele ngesimo sendawo enezintaba, ezinye iziqongo okuyinto ukufinyelela izinkulungwane ezintathu. M. Engxenyeni Axial kohlelo kumiswa ayimigodi eside kaJesu. Bona phezu ibanga ezingaphezu kuka 1.7 ayizinkulungwane. Km kusukela emngceleni-Mongolian enkambweni phakathi. Olekma. Leli chibi elikhulu kunawo wonke ubhekwa ukucindezeleka. IBaikal - ukujula esiphezulu - 1.620 metres.