Otto Weininger: Biography, izingcaphuno. Otto Weininger, "Ucansi Character": isifinyezo, ukubuyekezwa

Isazi sefilosofi sase-Austria, umJuda ngokuzalwa Otto Veyninger wazalwa ngo-1880, ngo-Ephreli 3 enhloko-dolobha yase-Austria Vienna. Isiphelo sakhe sasidabukisa: engu-23 owesifazane zaseyunivesithi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo abasha sefilosofi, waba isisulu ukuzibulala. Inkinga eyinhloko abafana amabili nantathu ukuphila kwaba Jewishness yakhe. Leli qiniso oluchaza wamvimbela ukuphila ukuphila okuvamile futhi kuvumelane uqobo. Inothi, okuyinto wabhala nje ngaphambi kokuba afe futhi lokwatholakala phakathi amaphepha wakhe, kwalotshwa ukuthi azibulale ukuze hhayi ukubulala abanye. Yiqiniso, abantu abaningi le imfumbe wahlala uqondwa. Kazi ukuthi wayesho ukuthini?

Otto Weininger. "Ucansi Character": isifinyezo

Leli bhuku isici esiphawula leli sazi Austria. It Otto Weininger abelana imibono yakhe emhlabeni wonke futhi ihlaziya owesilisa nowesifazane. Wayeqiniseka ngokujulile ukuthi bahlukene ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi umuzwa wokuziphatha okuhle. Incwadi "Ucansi Character" kwalotshwa ngo-1902, unyaka nengxenye ngaphambi umbhali wazibulala. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-110-plus akunjalo ilahlekelwe kwayo phakathi kokubili ososayensi izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje. Ngokusho bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, eyakho umuntu wesilisa ne ezingeni lelisetulu ukwazi ukuzila nokudalwa. Kodwa kwabesifazane - imodeli bakudala more ukwazi. izinkanuko Okuningi futhi ezingatheli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abathwali "owesifazane" kuba ukuqala hhayi kuphela abesifazane kodwa futhi amadoda, okuqondene emncintiswaneni Negroid, kanye namaJuda. AmaKristu kukhona abathwali ejwayelekile ka "owesilisa" isimiso sokuziphatha.

Biography Weininger

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, isazi sefilosofi Austrian Otto Weininger, ogama biography iqala ngo-1880, wazalelwa enhlokodolobha yase-waltz - Vienna ekuqaleni yesibili entwasahlobo izinyanga (April 3). Izimpande zawo kwakungekaNkulunkulu engu KaMose, lowo kwaba isizathu kwaba sekufeni kwakhe eneminyaka engu-23. Ngeshwa, ulwazi mayelana nokuthi ingane kwaba Veyninger Otto, Biography emfushane wesazi sefilosofi alimchazi. Kungani-ke emfushane? Ungakhohlwa ukuthi washiya leli zwe esemncane kakhulu. Nokho, wakwazi immortalize igama lakhe - Otto Weininger. "Ucansi Character" (izibuyekezo mayelana ale ncwadi ngokwenza ngokwakho ngokwabo babe esibalulekile ngoba basonta ngothi nezazi ezihlukahlukene) - lokhu liyincwadi interesting mayelana nemvelo ngendlela abesifazane namadoda athile. Sekuphele iminyaka engu-100, ingaphansi iso ososayensi abasha kokuma: zezenhlalo, odokotela bengqondo, izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu, futhi-ke, izazi zefilosofi.

Weininger yena kuqala wafunda Vienna University of Natural Sciences, kahle ke ngashintshela nefilosofi. Anakho i khono elimangalisayo futhi kuphothula esikoleni samabanga aphakeme nge-honours. Eminyakeni yakhe 20 ephethwe ukwenza izinto eziningi: okungewakho abaningi njengoba izilimi efile futhi zanamuhla, ngangingasazi kahle ezinhle izincwadi, geography, mathematics kanye imithi. Kungaba ibhekwe bokusungula omkhulu noma isazi. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphothula, wavikela ocwaningeni yakhe zobudokotela, isihloko esavela obungakhethi. By endleleni, emva usosayensi ukuzivikela abhapathizwa ngawo waba umlandeli eSontweni LamaLuthela.

Izimbangela zokuzibulala komuntu

Ngemva Otto waba amashwa, abafundi ayekanye nabo baqala ukufunda izizathu ezingase amholele ekubeni lokhu. Abaningi babo bathuthela esiphethweni sokuthi u-Otto Weininger, ngemva waphetha ngokuthi amaJuda basonta njengabesifazane, ayikwazi ukuthwala futhi nganquma ukuzibulala. Kunoma ikuphi, ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe, waba sesimweni isimo ngokujulile crisis yangaphakathi. Nokho, ungubani Jewish nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuzwa athuthukile wamsiza enze isinyathelo esinjalo esingalindelekile.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu?

Ukuzibulala Otto Weininger libhekwe njengelingcwele sekukhomba njengoba wakhetha ukuqalisa le ehhotela, lapho yokugcina lwakhipha umoya umqambi omkhulu Beethoven. Otto wathola umndondo e kakhulu kuleli gumbi amaphoyisa. Endleleni eya esibhedlela, wayesefa. Isizathu kwaba ukuqhuma kwesibhamu nilimaza esifubeni (inhliziyo). Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, waya e-Italy, futhi lokho incwadi yelifa phakathi amaphepha wakhe kwatholakala kulotshwe phakathi lolu hambo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuzibulala kwaba isinyathelo ngenhloso ngamabomu, ubuthakathaka besikhashana. Ngo intando yakhe, ngaphezu ezinye oda imali, wabuza ukuthi amthume incwadi enjalo abaqavile emphakathini, efana UKnut Hamsun, Jakob Wassermann, Maxim Gorky, njll Phakathi amaphepha akhe nokuthi okucashunwe watholakala, okuyinto thina kakade wathi -. "Enginakho ukuzibulala, hhayi ukubulala enye. " Izimbangela zokuzibulala komuntu, ngokuvumelana nezahlulelo bengqondo ahlukahlukene futhi zihlukahlukene, kodwa ngokuqiniseka, akekho okwaziyo.

Imisebenzi ka-Otto Weininger

Yiqiniso, "Ucansi Character" - umsebenzi edume kakhulu isazi sefilosofi, kodwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe ekukhanyeni waphuma izincwadi efana "On the Izinto Kugcine", ebhalwe ngawo lowo nyaka njengoba "Ucansi Character", kodwa eyanyatheliswa ngo-1904 m, "Uthando nowesifazane" (1917). By endleleni, kuzo zonke izimfundiso zayo ke usesikhundleni emaphakathi endaweni abantu. Ngokusho Weininger, eyedwa endaweni yonke. Akanayo imigomo azibekele yona futhi lutho ngaphandle uqobo. Akazi ukuthi yini ehlala, lokho izimisele izimiso eliphakeme.

Iqhaza isayensi

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inkulumo ka esibucayi ubuntu yayithandwa kakhulu. Futhi lokho Weininger wakwazi adlulisele emisebenzini yakhe yisimo lapho umuntu uphelelwa yithemba, ngokungaqondi ngokwakhe. Noma kunjalo, wayeqaphela ngempela ukuthi Ohlakaniphile okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi wayeqiniseka ngamakhono akhe. Otto Weininger ayekholelwa ukuthi zonke okwakudingeka akwenze - ukuletha lonke ulwazi lwabo, kanye siqonde jikelele kanye vseobyasnyayuschuyu uhlelo, okuyinto, ngokombono wakhe, kwaba ikhasi-600 zakhe umsebenzi "Ucansi ubunjalo ucwaningo lokubalulekile.". Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba axazulule impicabadala emhlabeni futhi indoda. Le ncwadi yanyatheliswa ngo-1903, Vienna kanye Braumyuller Leipzig wabashicileli ". Kubonakala sengathi zonke ekuphileni kwakhe waqhubeka njengenjwayelo. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wamenza abadumile, futhi manje abaningi ukuthi ubani Weininger. Umlando wakhe, Nokho, ngokushesha ukuba uphazamiseke. Ngolunye usuku ngemuva kohambo oluya e-Italy, wachitha izinsuku ezinhlanu ekhaya nabazali bakhe. Khona-ke, akekho ethi, isuswe egumbini busuku, okwaba uma Beethoven elikhulu wafa. Ngakusasa yafike kwaba akasaphili.

amazwi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ambalwa abantu bazi emibuthanweni ububanzi, ngubani Otto Weininger, umcaphuna zithandwa kakhulu. Abaningi babo basonta ubulili bubuhle. Kulawa, singaqondile, singafinyelela eziphethweni njengoba impikiswano kwaba nesimo sakhe sengqondo ngabo. Futhi uma ethi amaJuda angabantu abathwali isifazane, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani wazibulala ngokwabo. Wavele kwaba ungakhululekile ukuba umuntu aphile ngokuzinikela umthwalo onjalo. Futhi manje ngifuna ujwayelane ezinye aphorisms bakhe, ezingalotshiwe etholakala esigabeni esilandelayo onesihloko esithi "u-Otto Weininger:. Izingcaphuno mayelana abesifazane" Yiqiniso, okuningi kwalokho ekwenzayo nje angisithandi. Nokho, isazi sefilosofi Austrian ayecabanga ngayo nayezizwa ngayo ngakho ...

Otto Weininger: ucaphuna mayelana abesifazane

Weininger ubhala ukuthi owesifazane Kwezinye izingxenye ezinhle abangaphezu kuka-wonke. Noma sefilosofi ukholelwa bona owesifazana ukuheha kuphela umuntu wakhe ecabanga ke namandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyakholelwa ukuthi noma yimuphi owesifazane indoda izenzo erogenically, futhi wonke amadoda badonseleka nakwabesifazane ngokulinganayo. Ngokusho kwakhe, uma owesifazane siqinile ngokomoya, yena unamandla nangokwenyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yona iyohlala banezimfanelo wesilisa e uhlamvu ngokubukeka. Abesifazane ngokungafani nabantu abangamagovu akuzona namahloni mayelana nokubonisa abanye wayebukeka bangajabuli. Ngoba nje akakwazi uhlangabezana ukungajabuli ezijulile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba owesifazane okumelwe athandwe. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuba isifuba ngakho phambi kwabanye besifazane kanye udaba lwabo umona. Owesifazane ayidingi ukuhlonipha indoda yakhe, yena nje ufuna umuntu ukuba ulidle umzimba wakhe. Kunezinye izahlulelo abaningi umoya ofanayo, okwathi ngokwemvelo, ungase ruffle yimuphi owesifazane onomqondo.

Ukubuyekezwa umsebenzi oyinhloko Otto Veyningera

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izazi ngokuphathelene sale ncwadi aziwona edidayo. Abanye bathi ilapho lapho ibonakala khona kangcono kakhulu ngayo yonke imisebenzi emkhakheni wezokusebenza kwengqondo. Nokho, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu akunangqondo, nokuzisola wachitha isikhathi sakhe ngokufunda. Kunemibono ukuthi Freud kwaba umlandeli Weininger, kunalokho, kangangokuba waboleka umqondo wakhe nokuthi izifundo uMalume Sigmund lutho ngaphezu sidabukile-off. Yiqiniso, phakathi kwabantu, sokukhuluma kahle ngisho uncoma ngomsebenzi Weininger, ikakhulukazi amadoda, okungukuthi "nelungelo", kodwa abamele ubulili buthaka, yebo, akazange ayamukele imibono yakhe bebancane yakhe. Kafushane, umsebenzi wakhe Otto Veyninger wakwazi ukuhlwanyela ukungezwani ngoba bayazi phakathi kobulili ezimbili.