Osozigidi, abacebile futhi oligarchs Russian

Indlela oligarchs abaningi eRussia, mhlawumbe ngisho abasebenzi Forbes kuyoba nzima ukubala: izwe likhulu futhi inani dollar abayizinjinga e-ke njalo ngonyaka kwandisa kuphela. Nokho, e-TOP kakhulu abantu acebile Russian Federation ngonyaka kulesi sicoco konyaka elwa umuntu ofanayo. Ngakho bangobani - abayiziqumama Russian?

oligarchs waseRussia: isithombe, biography uVladimir Potanin

Ngo-2015, iningi muntu kunabo bonke abantu Russia ubelokhu eqashelwa uVladimir Potanin. I oligarchs Russian Potanin wenza esebuyela e 2006: ke lo somabhizinisi baba umsolwa wesithupha kuleli zwe ngokuya inhlalakahle. Ngo-2007, uMongameli "Interros" ebambe rose endaweni 4th. Khona-ke, eminyakeni embalwa elahlekile ezindaweni zabo phezulu abantu abahlanu acebe kakhulu ezweni, ngesikhathi 2015 akazange ukufinyelela indawo yokuqala Forbes simo.

Potanin ngesikhathi esisodwa wafunda eMoscow State Institute e-Faculty of International Economic Relations. Ngo kwamaSoviet, lo somabhizinisi esizayo wayeyilungu iYoung Communist League, futhi wasebenza emkhakheni Foreign Trade.

Esikhathini 90, njengoba abantu abaningi engumthengisi, Potanin wangena izinkampane futhi wasungula omunye yezinkampani ezinkulu utshalomali eRussia - "Interros". Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, uVladimir O., ukhushuliwe iphini likamengameli ibhange "IFC" noMongameli we-Bank "ONEXIM Bank". Ngenxa mortgage indali ngo-1995, "ONEXIM Bank" waba umnikazi amaphesenti angu-51 ukwabelana "Norilsk Nickel" ka. Kuze kube manje, etholakalayo Potanin% 30,3 kuphela MMC, kodwa kwanele ukuba babe ngu-2015 oligarchs abacebe eRussia.

Mikhail Fridman

Uhlu oligarchs Russian njalo eminyakeni zihlanganisa umnikazi we-Consortium "Alpha-Group" Mikhail Fridman. Ngo-2015, Friedman wathatha yayisendaweni yesibili Forbes simo yezindawo ezicebe kakhulu usomabhizinisi Russian.

Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi yokuthi ngo-1980, uMnu Friedman amathikithi ayindlala kabusha eMoscow amatiyetha ezinkulu, kanye ema-disco ukuhlela. Khona-ke wanquma ukwandisa imali eyiphinda zabo nokwakha wokubambisana "Courier", okwakubekelwa wahlanganyela ukugeza amafasitela. Ngo-1989, uMnu Friedman esethuthela ukuthengisa imishini enezithombe nekhompyutha, bese wahlanganyela nokukhishwa uwoyela. Lena yindlela inkampani "Alfa-Group", okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku feeds kumdlali.

Kodwa Friedman akagcinanga lapho, futhi ekugcineni ngazihlanganisa abaqondisi "Alfa-Bank" ebhodini imali enkulu mobile opharetha Life, inkampani "Belmarket" futhi "BelEvroset". Futhi Friedman wakwazi ukuthola ibhodi inhlangano labaqondisi "ORT" futhi SIDANCO zikawoyela ' ".

Siqu Mikhail Fridman dolobha zaba 14.6 amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2015.

Alisher Usmanov

oligarchs Russian zivame wahlanganyela esiza abantulayo. Kule ndaba, owaziwa Alisher Usmanov, owakhonza iminyaka eminingi uye wasekela iqembu lesizwe Russian e yokuzijwayeza Rhythmic, ukuthenga kanye nezinzuzo kuya Russian amagugu zomlando, ngisho ibuyisela kaNobel indondo zabanikazi (kunjalo nge Dzheysonom Uotson). Ngo-2013, Usmanov sekubhekwa njengento inombolo ube ngumsizi wabaningi, 1 phakathi kosomabhizinisi isiRashiya, ngokuvumelana Forbes.

Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu (2012 kuya ku-2014) Usmanov aphethwe isihloko usomabhizinisi abacebe waseRussia. Kodwa ngo-2015 salandelwa kwasekuqaleni ngowesithathu, izithole Engcebweni yakhe siqu kwehle kusuka $ 18 billion 14.4.

Waqala umsebenzi wakhe Alisher Burhanovich ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zepulasitiki. Namuhla, usomabhizinisi fed iziteki izinkampani ezifana USM Holdings, «MegaFon», Mail.ru Group futhi DST Global, kanye "YUTV Holding". Kusukela 2014, Alisher Usmanov, unegunya eliphelele phezu inethiwekhi ezidumile social - "VKontakte".

Viktor Vekselberg

oligarchs Russian nje avele rankings ezifuywayo abantu izilomo, kodwa futhi ohlwini angaphandle. Viktor Vekselberg, isibonelo, kwaba phezu indawo 113th phezulu kwabantu abanethonya elikhulu kakhulu nezicebi emhlabeni kusukela ngo-2010. Ngo-2015, usomabhizinisi Russian wathatha 4 th endaweni ngokuya inhlalakahle: amafa siqu Vekselberg kuyinto 14.2 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane.

Viktoru Feliksovichu eshisiwe omkhulu akavunyelwe ukwenza inkampani "Renova" usimisele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inkampani ikhule ibe iqembu elikhulu ibhizinisi, engabanikazi bephephandaba amasheya UC Rusal amabhizinisi, "Uxhumano Energy Systems", "Communal Systems Russian" kanye nabanye abaningi. Vekselberg naye onesitolo amasheya ezinkampanini eziningana Swiss, ngokwesibonelo, i-Oerlikon futhi Sulzer.

Vekselberg uthanda ukuthi lapho kuxoxwa imali akuyona kuphela kunzima ukwenza, kodwa futhi kunzima ukusebenzisa kahle kubo. Banikezwe ukuzinza womnotho usomabhizinisi, ukwaba kahle izimali zabo ke uyakwazi.

Alexey Mordashov

Alexei Mordashov, obhekwa umnikazi nenzuzo JSC "Severstal" ngo-2011 kwaba yesibili ngemva osomabhizinisi abacebe yezwe. Nokho, oligarchs Russian kwaphoqa kasomabhizinisi ohlwini, futhi ngo-2015 wathatha kuphela endaweni yesihlanu ngengcebo yakhe siqu eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13 zamaRandi.

Waqala umsebenzi wakhe Mordashov at Cherepovets Steel Mill. Ngemva esithile usomabhizinisi uthenge yonke ukwabelana CMP nazo zonke inzuzo etholakale ngokudayiswa izinsimbi ENtshonalanga ukubeka ekhukhwini. Kuze kube manje, usomabhizinisi u-79% inkampani "Severstal", 88% - Nord Gold futhi 100% - inkampani "imishini Power".

Vagit Alekperov

Vagit Alekperov ngo-2006 waba nengcebo siqu ruble 12.7 billion no wathatha yayisendaweni yesibili Forbes simo yezindawo ezicebe kakhulu osomabhizinisi Russian. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, akukho okushintshile: Alekperov has zonke inhlokodolobha efanayo, kodwa lehla isikhundla lesithupha ohlwini.

ibhizinisi Umsebenzi wakhe Vagit Yusufovich kwaqala ngo-1980, athatha izintambo CEO "Kogalymneftegas". Shiya embonini kawoyela ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union akazange abe usomabhizinisi futhi wasungula iqembu "Langepasuraikogalymneft". Kuze kube manje, Vagit Alekperov, has 22,7% we ukwabelana "Lukoil", ngakho ukukhuluma, hhayi isiqalekiso.

Billionaires kungukuthi kuphela ahlanganiswe, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngisho hamba ayinamali. Minyaka yonke, uhlu ngokuthi "oligarchs Russian zangaphambili" olusha nge ubuso obusha. Phakathi kwabo kukhona umuntu onjalo, njengoba umnikazi Sergei Pugachev, Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Ezinye abayiziqumama yimali ziyadingeka kabi izimali kanye ukwabiwa kwempahla. Bona ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe amangalele eNkantolo YaseYurophu futhi siyazama ukuvikela igama lakhe cindezela, osho ukuthi zonke izinkinga zawo basolwe iziphathimandla zaseRussia.

Ibhizinisi ezombusazwe bebelokhu okwakuthandelene, kuhlale kuyinto ukuphikiswa ezifihliwe futhi esobala kulezi zindawo. Ngamunye evikela izithakazelo zayo ngazo zonke izindlela. Ngakho-ke, iqiniso langempela, mhlawumbe, akekho oyokwazi ukuthi.