Oleg Antonov, izindiza umklami: Biography ngezithombe

Aircraft umklami Oleg Antonov wayengu- mdali onobuhle eziningi aircraft letehlukene. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, waba yinhloko yezizwe ehhovisi design e Kiev, lapho wathengiswa iningi imiklamo yayo.

umndeni

7 Februwari 1904 emndenini engineer civil Konstantin Antonov wazalwa Oleg Antonov. Aircraft wazalelwa emzaneni zintathu Podolsky, esifundazweni eMoscow. Lapho eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, abazali wakhe bathuthela Saratov.

Ngu Antonov wayevame umfowabo kayise Vladislav. UMalume umshana batshelwa izindaba ezimangazayo ngama zezindiza. Wayebe sekukhona kuphela nje, futhi-ke ikakhulukazi kakhulu umxhwele abantu besikhathi. Lokhu kwaba phakathi kwezilaleli ezishisekayo futhi Oleg Antonov. kamuva Aircraft wayekhumbula indlela umalume izindaba zakhe owaba nethonya elikhulu amaphupho izingane zakhe zekusasa. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho umfana wayeqonda ukuthi ayemiselwe ukundiza, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye umsebenzi kuyoba yihlane isikhathi kuye.

I yokuzilibazisa eliyingqayizivele

Oleg wokuzilibazisa emkhayeni wabelane ugogo kuphela. Uma wanika umzukulu wakhe ngendiza imodeli ithoyizi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubaba nomama musa unake ugqozi indodana yakhe, bekholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ukuba yenze okuthile enemininingwane kakhudlwana futhi evamile ukuthi zaziyokwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, endlini baqala ukuvela izithombe kanye nezincwadi mayelana ezindizeni, okuyinto baqoqa abasha Oleg Antonov. Aircraft ilondoloza lezi zinto kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. izincwadi Improvised futhi imibiko yamaphephandaba umfana wabhekisela sakhe, okuyinto kakhulu wamsiza esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Oleg eseluphele encane kakhulu wayazi umlando embonini izindiza futhi esekulungele ukuba bachithe amahora uxoxa Biography of the abashayeli bezindiza ozithandayo.

E Saratov, umfana waya ukufunda ngaphakathi esikoleni sokufundela amakhono endawo. Wenza leso sinqumo ngenxa sciences ngqo. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwalokhu, umfundi wayejabula kanye nezinye izinto. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Oleg yingcweti kahle isiFulentshi. Kamuva leli khono isibe buyindlela esisemqoka imihlangano yakhe amathimba angaphandle ochwepheshe Western.

Ebuntwaneni indiza esizayo mnyama lokufelwa. Ngo-1914 kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Umama u-Oleg sika libhaliswe ku abahlengikazi baqala ukusiza eyayilimele esibhedlela sendawo. Ngelinye ilanga sigqoka Anna Efimovna kwahlaselwa ukutheleleka ocekayo singena emzimbeni wakhe ngokusebenzisa ekuqaleni encane. Ehlobo lika-1915 yena washona ngenxa yegazi elinobuthi. Indodana yakhe kuphela waba ugogo ukukhulisa.

"I club zezindiza abathanda"

Ngemva kokuphela imfundo yamabanga aphansi, u-Oleg banquma ukubhalisela indiza esikoleni. Nokho, ayizange yamukelwe ngenxa ukwehluleka ngokomzimba. On umthelela abafana impilo wazibonela ebuntwaneni typhus nendlala ye neminyaka yempi. Kwafika ngumzuzu ocacisa lapho izindiza Antonov biography kungase ziyaphuma ngendlela ehluke kakhulu.

Caught lapho kwakuphambana, le nsizwa sanquma ukungenela Izindlela yoMnyango Ukuxhumana wase-University of Saratov. Kulomuzi kwakunjengokungathi eduze zezindiza indaba ephathwayo. Nokho, ngemva konyaka inyuvesi kabusha futhi waqeda uMnyango Antonov. Wathenjiswa ukuya umnyango wokwakha, kodwa wenqaba.

Man wamkhulula "Club abalandeli zezindiza." Lo mbuthano edala ndawonye nabangani ebuntwaneni abahlanganyela lwaya nge ezindizeni. IComrades wahlanganyela ukusebenza amateur - ngokuya ulwazi oluqoqwe indlala izinto thematic futhi imali entweni ukukhulisa glider akho. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kwabonakala sengathi ekhatsi Saratov okuthiwa iSociety of Friends of the Air Fleet. Inhlangano usunike "club" ekamelweni elincane ngaphakathi kwezindonga ekolishi ezimbonini. Ngenxa yalesi usizo ngo-1924 Umlando Antonov izindiza imakwe isenzakalo esibalulekile. He qamba indiza yakhe yokuqala - glider "Ijuba."

Koktebel eLeningrad

Ngokushesha u-Oleg nabalingani ababemenyelwe Koktebel. Kulesi edolobheni Crimean lidlule yesibili rally ye glider pilot Zonke-Union. Antonov, kanye nomngane wakhe u-Eugene Bravarskim mangaliso ukuletha "Ijuba" ngakolunye ekugcineni kwaleli zwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu kwakudingeka agcobhoze imoto emsamo isitimela.

Koktebel kwaba ukubukwa jikelele kumadivayisi eqoqwe ngokulinganayo nomdlandla, njengoba Antonov. kamuva Aircraft wakhumbula indlela azizwa ngayo okuxubile lapho "blue" yakhe, okuzoqondiswa by umshayeli lochwepheshe, ungalokothi iqale, kanye kuphela wenza Uhobhane ambalwa elibuthaka. Yiqiniso, ukuhluleka, kodwa kwaba uhambo Koktebel wakwazi yokuphefumula insizwa amandla amasha. Ngo eCrimea, wahlangana nozakwethu abaningi abafana naye, ngiphuphe kuphela wokunqoba esibhakabhakeni.

Ukuhlanganyela umhlangano glider Antonov akubanga yize. angenele ukhetho kwakhe kwadluliselwa Kunconywa yokwemukela Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. Boy babhaliswa ngempela Faculty of umkhumbi, ku secession ngendiza. Le ndawo cishe kwaba kakhulu ezweni lonke, ukuthi ngempela lapho ukukhuluma ngokumadanisa nowayenguNgqongqoshe Saratov University, okuyinto uqala ukuvela Oleg Antonov. Indiza efika khona isipiliyoni nemakhono ladzingekile ezamenza isazi unqambothi emkhakheni wabo. ELeningrad, wayengekho kanye nezinkinga izincwadi ezikhethekile. Umkhuba usike isithombe eseliphuphile iphephandaba zemihla wahlala esikhathini esidlule. Umfundi ixazululwe ngokushesha ibe idolobha elisha. Yena waba ilungu elishisekayo amaqembu ahlukahlukene kanye nezigaba.

umklami Awama-Glider

Ukutadisha yaphela ngo-1930. Ngo-1933, umklami oneminyaka engu-27 ubudala waqokwa ihloko ye-ofisi Umklamo omunye ifektri glider eMoscow. Ukuze ukuthi unyaka kwaba yimpumelelo engakaze ibonwe. Yini eyenza kuye Oleg Antonov? Indiza awuzange kuphela elithola, wayevelele izimfanelo ubuholi kanye wayengesabi usukume lapho ozakwabo kungathatha isihlalo emuva. Zonke amakhono abo oluvelele kanye nezimfanelo ezakhayo Antonov wakubonakalisa "wangempela" umsebenzi wokuqala.

Lawa kwakungamadodana iminyaka "Omkhulu Leap Phambili", lapho izimboni ezintsha zadalwa kuphela. Antonov Design Bureau iye chasiselwe isitshalo Tushino. Le catch isanda iqiniso lokuthi lokhu inkampani ingakamiswa eyakhelwe. Abaklami ezingamaKristu kwakudingeka zisebenzele studio, isehlane Osaviahimom. Wayengeyena kuphi, kodwa egumbini phezu Garden Ring. Ngaphambili, lalisetshenziswa njengendawo sela iwayini. Manje kukhona amaqembu amabili asebenza - Gliding futhi reaktivschikov. UMholi Elokuqala lalikhona Oleg Antonov, inhloko yesibili - akukho ngaphansi kuka edume Sergei Korolev. Khona-ke ngangihlala umklami abadumile izimo ezifanayo enyinyekile, umphakathi kanye ukudala ikusasa zezindiza yasekhaya.

Amathimba abasebenza ukudalwa onobuhle ezintsha zezindiza, ngokucacile wabeka umgomo - ukuze kunikezwe leli lizwe isitsha, okungase kwenziwe etholakalayo izingqimba ezahlukene labantu Soviet. Empeleni, abaholi umkhakha wafuna ukuphuca zezindiza yakhe elitism. Antonov lifinyelele umgomo walo. inkampani yakhe kwaba ukukhululwa kwe emikhunjini ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ezintsha ngonyaka, okuyinto ingenzeka kanjani setemnotfo abasha Soviet.

IMpi Enkulu Patriotic

Juni 22, 1941 Soviet izindiza umklami O. K. Antonov elalihlanganyela Lithuanian Kaunas. Lokhu edolobheni liseduze kakhulu emngceleni wase-USSR. Ngakho-ke, phakathi aqala ngokuhlasela amaJalimane angasiboni. Antonov ephethwe kuphunywe edolobheni nje amahora ambalwa ngaphambi ukufika Wehrmacht. Naphezu ngamabhomu, esafuna wabuyela eMoscow.

Enhloko-dolobha, konke kwaqala kusuka ekuqaleni. Yena yathathwa iqembu elisha, elabizwa eliholwa Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov. Biography of umklami abanamakhono kwakuvele kwaziwa kahle ubuholi isimo. Ngakho wavuka zohlu olwehlukene osendaweni ezibalulekile. Antonov eyalwa ukuba aklame isitsha kungaba ithuluzi esikhulu ukuthuthwa amabutho. Nje kwezinyangana umsebenzi onzima kwafika A-7. Lo mkhumbi lwenzelwe abagibeli abayisikhombisa. It wasetshenziselwa ukudla kanye nezinhlamvu, amaqembu yabashokobezi, abaye igxilile ngokwabo e ezingemuva wesitha.

Ngo-1943, Yakovlev Design Bureau lithole umsebenzi omusha obalulekile. Zaba Oleg Antonov. Indiza, ogama biography kwaba kakade egcwele amaphrojekthi ezahlukene kuphelile, nengxenye ekudalweni futhi ukuguqulwa onobuhle ezifana Yak-3 futhi Yak-9. Babelwela abaye baba isikhali esesabekayo ezandleni ebuthweni laseSoviet. Antonov futhi Yakovlev ababengalazi kusukela ebusheni bakhe kuqhubeke. Baqale elalihlangana rally sekushiwo ekhatsi Koktebel, lapho ke bengazilawulela khona isigcino isimemezelo uvele zinkanyiso eziningi ikusasa izindiza yokukhiqiza ibhizinisi.

Ukudlulela Kiev

Ekupheleni kwempi, ngesikhathi izwe kulindile ukuze uthole izindaba mayelana ukunqoba eside elindelwe, Antonov wathola isiphakamiso ekubhaleni izindiza ezintsha esisetshenziselwa. UMklami namanje akazange asikhuthazi imishini enjalo. Ikusasa An-2 lwenzelwe kuhlanganise ngezinhloso zezolimo. Wayefanele okudingeka bashintshashintshe ngayo futhi bakwazi ukuba zihlale phansi efana esikhumulweni sezindiza, futhi enkundleni ungakulungele.

Le phrojekthi selisungule umnyango ekhethekile Yakovlev design bureau e Novosibirsk. Antonov iyiswe mpumalanga yezwe. Kube wabeka ndawonye iqembu elisha, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko abafundi izolo - abathweswe iziqu fresh aviatehnikuma wendawo. Kwaba Usengozini enkulu yini, kodwa igunya uchwepheshe namandla kwalo okungakaze kube khona wenza umsebenzi wabo. An-2 baqala ukunyathelisa ngo-1947. Nokho, ukuba kukhululwe ikusasa mthandazo oyisibonelo, iqembu kuhanjiswe ku Kiev.

Kulomuzi kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila imbongolo Antonov. Indiza, ogama biography wayegcwele yokuwela futhi uhambo izingxenye ezahlukene eziningi zezwe, ekugcineni bathola indawo yayo. Kiev bureau kwaba patrimony olumfanele. Nokho, i-professional igunya Antonov ngokuvamile lisho lutho nenchubokuphatsa Soviet, okuyinto "notch" amaphrojekthi nemizamosisungulo, ukwazi ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi le "ezingcono" ngemboni. Ngakho-ke, umklami kwadingeka ukuba ngokoqobo beat izindiza zazo. Ukulwa ngesilwane esifuywayo izikhulu akakwazanga ukumsiza kodwa ukuzindla ngendlela wazizwa Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov. ukuphila komuntu lo muntu neze sicabange ngaphandle nemidlalo. Kodwa kwasayena akazange ugcine umklami kusuka ukucindezeleka kanye nezinkinga. Ngisesekhaya ukutadisha eLeningrad, Antonov wathola isifo sofuba. Lesi sifo ngezinye izikhathi Wamkhumbuza yena, futhi avame kuba nezikhathi emzabalazweni okukhulu kakhulu nge asebenza party.

AN uchungechunge

Eminyakeni 50, uquqaba lwezingelosi onobuhle ezintsha, ungumdali okwakukhona Antonov. Indiza, yona eyaqala ukwenza i uthole isithombe wonke amaphephandaba Soviet, wasebenza nsuku zonke kwi isimiso esiqinile. Wabeka out ngaphezu kuka-100%, ngakho-ke iba indawo isivivinyo CB ezingasho izindiza ezintsha. Esikhathini 50s zamuva zazingaphezu umgibeli isitsha AN (AN-10 futhi AN-24). Nokho, u-Oleg K. wayeka misebenzi yokwakha, lapho Wephula elinye onobuhle yakhe abagibeli phezu ebhodini.

izindiza ngasinye esisha wadala ku emathunjini we Antonov Design Bureau, wazibonela ezimbalwa ezenezelwe. Kulesi maqondana okuyisibonelo emotweni waboniswa a wesandla professional Oleg Konstantinovich. Ngaye, noma iyiphi iphrojekthi AN Series kwaba ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Antonov kwaba kahle umthwalo ayo ukuba abantu baseSoviet futhi intengo ngisho iphutha kancane.

Kwakukhona okuningi sezimoto "Antonov". I apogee kulolu hide kwaba An-124, okuyinto yaziwa nangokuthi "Ruslan". Yona futhi le ndiza ezavela 1982, kwaba izindiza wezimpahla umkhumbi serial esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, iphrojekthi isibe ingoma dada we umklami okukhulu. Kulesi umshini wakwazi ukusungula zonke imibono elalihambisana umsebenzi wakhe lochwepheshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inhloko yabangamashumi Kyïv Design Bureau wakhethwa i academician we-Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Kwakungesinye isiqinisekiso kokufaneleka kwakhe futhi bathuthele kwamanye amazwe, lapho bonke ovelele izindiza umklami. Oleg Antonov, ngaphezu ewumgogodla ibhizinisi, futhi uzihlanganisa ekufundiseni. Ngo laseKharkov aviainstitute Zhukovsky wayeyinhloko uMnyango Umklamo izindiza.

Uhlamvu kanye akuthandayo of izindiza

Oleg Antonov wama phandle ngokumelene isizinda ozakwabo hhayi kuphela ngenxa efaneleyo yayo eliyingqayizivele. Lo muntu ephethwe ukuchitha isikhathi sakho njengoba kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. Umklami iye icubungulisise athuthukile umuntu, ogama sasifukuza hhayi kuphela zezindiza nemikhumbi imininingwane eminingi yale mishini eyinkimbinkimbi. Oleg K. walithanda art ngisho yezobuciko ihlelwe Kiev naseMoscow.

Antonov (izindiza, ogama umndeni lalinabashumayeli nomndeni) walithanda idili friendly, nakuba uye wazama njalo ukuhlala aphume kudume. Zonke eduze Umlando kugcizelelwe isizotha sakhe ngobuqotho. Uma awuhambanga mayelana ibhizinisi, Antonov uthande ukuqala ingxoxo mayelana izincwadi noma umculo. abalobi yathe ayeyithanda kwakungu-Gogol futhi Saint-Exupery. Nokho, njalo asebenzayo futhi izindiza okusebenzayo unake hhayi kuphela art. Eminyakeni engu-80 u-Oleg K. wahola umkhankaso evikela iChibi iBaikal, okuyinto esongelwa ukungcola ezimbonini. Zonke intsha owayehlala esitolo, Antonov eminyakeni ezingasho bayakwazisa nemvelo. Ekhaya, waqala engadini, ngemuva kwalokho courted ngokucophelela.

enhle professional

Endaweni professional, kwakukhona eziningi amahemuhemu mayelana izici ehlukile kwadingeka Antonov Oleg Konstantinovich. Aircraft libhekene olumangalisayo isikhundla entandweni yeningi. Zonke izimpikiswano kanye nemibuzo mayelana nekusasa kwendiza, Bureau yayo okuxoxwe lonke iqembu imodi unkamisa. Kukhona amacala lapho Antonov (izindiza, "izingane" okuyinto wandizela phezu lonke elaseSoviet Union) wavuma amaphutha abo futhi ukwenza izinguquko project, ehlongozwayo ngu abangaphansi kwakhe.

Oleg K. wahlala ekhuthele futhi oshisekayo kwaze kwaba izinsuku zakhe zokugcina. Waqhubeka ukusebenza, sengathi akwenzekanga lutho, naphezu engu kancane kancane ukuguga. Nokho, ngisho ekhulwini lesishiyagalombili eyishumi sondo zezindiza umkhakha wahlala eyingqabavu futhi fresh. Wabuka abaneminyaka engaphansi kwakhe, futhi baziphatha ngendlela bobusha.

izindiza Omkhulu washona ngo-April 4, 1984 e Kiev - edolobheni lapho wayehumusha cishe engu-40 yokuphila kwakhe. Kuyinto kule ndawo ixhunyiwe iningi biography zochwepheshe umufi. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe Kiev Design Bureau ngokwemvelo saqanjwa Antonov Design Bureau. Merit Uchwepheshe egqanyisiwe ngesikhathi impilo imiklomelo eminingi. Oleg Antonov waklonyeliswa Lenin Prize, wathola oda ezintathu nje Lenin, isihloko Hero of Socialist Labour, nokunye. D.