Okunenjongo ingxenye izwi. Nokuveza izingxenye ezibalulekile amazwi

ukuhlaziywa Morphemic zamagama - enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu, kodwa indlela efanele yalwa ingxenye okunenjongo yegama incike isipelingi wayo elungile. Morpheme ezihilelekile ekwakhekeni amagama amasha, amagama abo akhonjiswa ngeZwi kumiswa. Ukutadisha amazwi grade 5, khona-ke lwesikhombisa, aphindaphindwe ukutadisha esithi "IZwi kumiswa". Njengoba ubona, ulwazi morphemics - omunye amabhlogo wokwakha ngalo ozokwakhela kulo ulimi. Isipelingi kunqunywa isikhundla isihlobo kwezinye morphemes, ukucindezeleka nokungakhulumisani kahle lucebe incazelo phonemes ezakha. Lokho kusho ingxenye enkulu izwi, ukuthi ziyini, kanjani ukubhala, ukuchaza kulesi sihloko.

Morphemics - isayensi mayelana titfo tenkhulumo

Morphemics ingxenye isayensi ulimi njengendlela isiyalo etadisha ingxenye enkulu izwi ngamunye, kanye ukubunjwa uphawu. Morpheme - ingcenye eqakathekileko izwi, ebheka ukubaluleka kwayo. Impande kanye nesijobelelo, isiqalo ekupheleni, isisekelo - kungcono morpheme.

Hlukanisa amagama indima izwi, kanye isimo maqondana nomunye. Umsuka - lena ingxenye eyinhloko mazwi abalulekile. Ngaphandle kwayo, uphawu ngeke kube khona. Uhlala lapho. Okunye titfo tenkhulumo abizwa ngokuthi affixes. Kuye isikhundla, bahlukene zibe ticalo (imi phambi impande) netijobelelo (etholakala emva impande) kanye flexion. Ahluke nendima eyadlalwa.

Ezinye morpheme ezihilelekile ekwakhekeni amagama amasha, isijobelelo, isiqalo. Abanye (flexion) ifomu amafomu nokusetshenziswa kolimi.

Kusho ukuthini lokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile izwi? Impendulo ilula - ezisithintayo ukubaluleka kwalo, phakathi kwezakhi zolimi noma lucebe. Ungakwazi bahlukanise izwi ibe izingxenye, amaqoqo ezinhlamvu noma amaqoqo ezinhlamvu iqembu. Kodwa lo mqondo ukubaluleka ubuhlobo bawo ngeke.

impande

Ake uqale nge ebaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle kwalokho kakho umcabango izwi - impande yawo. Waphetha main incazelo lucebe.

Nge nomqondo morpheme ehlobene eduze - efanayo impande izwi. Lawa amathokheni ukuthi babe izimpande efanayo. Of amazwi cognate kwakhiwa izidleke, ezinkulu kanye nezincane. Ngakho, ngamazwi imvubelo nje izwi elilodwa impande - nemvubelo. Futhi izwi inkanyezi isidleke okuningi: isihlabane, inkanyezi, interstellar, umlaza, nabanye abaningi.

Ukwehlukanisa impande kuyadingeka ukuchaza incazelo lucebe zezwi. Ngakho, ngendlela efanayo amazwi Ukushaywa kungenzeka asuka ezahlukene: frost ngokwencazelo yaleli frost ukukhanya Ukukhemezela enanini Ukukhemezela. Endabeni wokuqala -moroz- zomdabu, okwesibili - -moros-. Njengoba ubona, izingxenye ezibalulekile amagama isipelingi, futhi ikakhulukazi izimpande, ixhomeke ukuzimisela kwawo nencazelo lucebe.

Kukhona futhi izimpande multi-zenani. Ngakho, impande -vod- nezincazelo okungenani ezimbili. Uma sikhuluma amazwi ukushayela, okukhipha, umqhubi, okuhola lolu impande lisho isenzo. In amazwi emanzini, amanzi, impande yenani diver -vod- lisho sokusebenzisana emanzini.

orfogrammy impande

Umsuka - ingxenye okunenjongo izwi, a isipelingi okumele zithathwe ngokucophelela. Phela, kuphothulwe eziyisisekelo incazelo lucebe. Kukhona orfogramm eziningana kule morpheme. Basuke exhunywe kwi-kushintshana imisindo onkamisa nongwaqa, kanye nalabo graphemes ukuthi ziskenwa isikhundla namandla.

Roots nge onkamisa kushintshana ukukhumbula. Ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe amaphuzu amaningana:

1. Hlola isikhundla ukucindezeleka. Ngakho, e-izimpande -gar - / - gor- incwadi ebhaliwe kanye wagcizelela, kuzo zonke ezinye izimo - ka: bashise, tan. Izimpande efanayo -zar - / - Zor; -klan - / - klon-; -tvar - / - zokudala.
2. Kuhloliwe kulandele incwadi. It izimpande -lag- (a) / - zamanga; -kas- (a) / - CBS; -rast - / - rasch - / - ros-, kanye izimpande eziningi nge alternation e / futhi: -ber - / - Beer; -der - / - dir-; Perot - / - Pir nabanye. Izibonelo: bakholwe / ukubeka; touch / touch; isitshalo / sihlakulele / imibhede; ukuthatha / ngisusa.
3. nokugqamisa Ungene. Bheka incazelo yamagama ukuthi umsindo kwaba unstressed: win - siyawina. Kugcine - igama lokuqinisekisa lapho e incwadi yisithiyo isikhundla ukushaqeka.

Ngokuqondene ongwaqa unpronounceable, kuyinto ukuhlola incwadi edingekayo, udinga ukuthola amazwi iqembu kudingeka kahle lezwakala: Ukwethembeka - udumo. Eyesibili izwi - yokuqinisekisa.

ophela

Ukuphela - ingxenye ezakha izwi. Siveza nencazelo yalo lwetakhi telulwimi (ubulili, inombolo, icala). Kungenzeka zero.

Njengoba ezinye izingxenye inkulumo azihileli izinguquko efomini lwetakhi telulwimi - badzinga abe nasiphelo. Beka lezi titfo tenkhulumo zero isiphetho - ukuphaphalaza. Loku kubonisa kutsi bantfu abaqondi ukuthi lokhu kuwabonakalisa ingxenye okunenjongo izwi. Lawa titfo tenkhulumo, njenge:

• Isandiso.
• Gerund.
• Wathola iqembu elincane tiphawulo EsiZulwini asinayo (beige).
• Izinga ngokuqhathanisa tichasiso.
• Wathola iqembu elincane izabizwana zesibaluli (ke, bona).

Ngakho, igama elithi "ekhaya" - zero siphetfo, njengoba igama elithi "emuva" iphelele lapho, ngoba isandiso - ingxenye EsiZulwini asinayo yokukhuluma.

Ukuze ayichaze ukuphela, kubalulekile ukuba ukushintsha kwegama izimo, abantu noma izinombolo. Leyo ngxenye inkulumo, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba kuyehluka futhi kuzophela: sung - bahlabelela, bahlabelela, bahlabelela, noma ezintabeni, kodwa ezintabeni, s, th ezintabeni.

isipelingi eziyimpumelelo

Ngokunemba iyenziwa ekupheleni nokuloba emabito kanje: kubalulekile ukucacisa Nokwehla kahle. Ukuncipha wokuqala kule umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi emabito ubuningi prepositional kuhilela ukubhala -e ophela: udonga-e, udonga-e. It akusebenzi kahle emabito eligcina -iya.

Okwesibili isiZulu eziyimpumelelo -e kudinga prepositional kuphela: indlu-e-e fu. Ukwehluka - amazwi eligcina ifaniswe / -ie: a izinkanyezi, ifa.

isiZulu Okwesithathu kudinga ekupheleni s emabito ubuningi kule umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi, genitive futhi prepositional: a indodakazi kanina.

Ngokuqondene eziyimpumelelo siqu sesenzo, kubalulekile ukucacisa conjugation lesifanele: ekugcineni mina aqukethe e incwadi noma y (w) (-esh / -ete / YM, njll). Izibonelo: pash-udle pash-Ete, ut pash.

Ngo II conjugation - izinhlamvu kanye kanye (I) (-ish / -ite / yo et al.). Izibonelo: yokwelula-ish, waseGileyadi-esisuka, welule-ny.

I isiqalo nesijobelelo

Noma iyiphi ingxenye enkulu yokukhuluma ezihilelekile ekwakhekeni entsha? Lokhu isiqalo nesijobelelo. Console - iyingxenye ebalulekile bezwi, esimelela phambi impande. I isijobelelo ngale kwayo. Ngakho, kusukela amazwi umngane ngosizo ticalo non nesitha ukwakha izwi, futhi uma esisebenzisa Isijobelelo -tuples, sithola umngane izwi. Ungasebenzisa morphemes amabili, khona-ke uthola umphakathi izwi. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa abizwa bheke prefixed, isijobelelo futhi izingxenyekazi-Isijobelelo.

Ngaphezu umsebenzi okwakhayo, tijobelelo ungaba ekubumbeni. Ngakho, ukuze kwakhiwe lesengcile isenzo Isijobelelo isetshenziswa -l- (ihlabelela ingoma abalwa).

Isipelingi tijobelelo tento

Orfogrammy ku isijobelelo kuyinto cishe ngesikhathi tenkhulumo ngamunye. Ake sihlole ethandwa kakhulu.

Tento odinga ukukwazi le mithetho elandelayo:

1. tijobelelo -ova - / - eva-; -iva / -yva-. Isipelingi isheke endleleni e umuntu wokuqala kulesi sikhathi samanje simi sisebunyeni. Uma leli fomu lisetshenziswa -S / -yuyu, le Isijobelelo kubhalwe -ova - / - eva-. Kungenjalo -iva - / - yva-.
2. Tijobelelo tesento amafomu - amasakramente - kunqunywa conjugation sesenzo kwakhiwa kusukela lapho samanje esithi is. Eyokuqala ihilela conjugation -usch - / - yusch- -asch yesibili - / - yasch-.

Isipelingi isiphawulo Isijobelelo

tijobelelo isiphawulo ulandele imithetho:

1. -ev tijobelelo - / - ukugcizelela iv- kufanele ihlolwe. Isikhundla okunamandla ncwadi ibhalwe, futhi ebuthaka - e incwadi, isibonelo, enhle, impi .. tijobelelo -chiv - / - Izimvula kufanele abhalwe ukushaqeka isikhundla unstressed.
2. Isipelingi n futhi nn ku isijobelelo isiphawulo incike indlela akheke ngayo amagama futhi ukusetshenziswa Isijobelelo. Ngakho, igama kwakhiwa kusukela Misty Isijobelelo n izwi inkungu. Ibhalwe nn ngoba nn zilapho kuhlangana of morphemes ezimbili. -onn Isijobelelo isiphawulo - / - enn- njalo zilotshwe HH: ukuphila wamavukelambuso.

Isipelingi Isijobelelo emabito

Kwerekhodi khona orfogramm ku isijobelelo - ibizo. elandelayo imithetho:

1. Uma sikhuluma isijobelelo ekhombisa umsebenzi, ngaphambi t, d, s, s, w ebhaliwe -chik-. Ngokwesibonelo, umshayeli, a defector, asphalt, kodwa Lamplighter, le ferryman. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi Isijobelelo -tel- kulotshiwe kuphela e: uthisha, uthisha.
2. Iqembu elikhulu tijobelelo amancane, futhi kudinga ukuba usebenzise izimiso. Kanjani ukuthi yizinto ezihlobene nokucindezeleka, futhi ushintsho ifomu elithi. -tuples tijobelelo - (- ek) Onokov (-enok-) kuncike ukucindezeleka. Isikhundla eqinile njalo kwabhalwa mayelana: Galchonok, kushachok, kodwa wekati.
3. Shintsha ukubukeka uhlobo izwi kulezi zimo ezilandelayo: isheke -ek- noma -ik- kanje: ukubeka izwi genitive. A umqulu incwadi ubhala -ek-, kungenjalo - -ik-. Ngokwesibonelo: ephaketheni (akukho emaphaketheni), ukhiye (akukho ukhiye). Esimeni sesibili incwadi washiya, ngakho-ke lilondolozwe Isijobelelo. -ets Isijobelelo - / - its- uhlole, uthole ukuthi uhlanga. Esikhathini amadoda ngeke -ets-, njengabesifazane kanye okungenabulili - -its-: mfowethu, kodwa amanzi ingubo.

isipelingi aduduze

Ngokungafani tijobelelo orfogrammy e aduduze kangakanani konke titfo tenkhulumo okufanayo.

1. Ingxenye amabhokisi set-top kudingeka sikhumbule la ukwahlukahlukana emibhalweni yabo alikho isiRashiya. ukusabalala Iningi: c; ob-; Isihlobo; phambi; a. Izibonelo: musa ukuya nokubuya, beat off, ukukhasa, ungangena.
2. aduduze etshiyeneyo eligcina s / s kuyadingeka ukuhlola umsindo oqala impande. Uma nge lizwakalise ungwaqa noma unkamisa - ukubhala noma iyiphi okwehlukile - ne. Abuyisele (s oqala impande, lizwakalise) noma ukuvelela (impande iqala n umsindo abayizithulu).
3. Uma impande iqala, futhi kufanele kuthathelwe indawo s, esimweni lapho isiqalo ngongwaqa. Ingemuva, umdvwebo, ukuzikhohlisa.
4. Iqembu olukhethekile ticalo pre / keni. ngokubhala yabo ixhomeke okushiwo lucebe ukuthi lokhu morpheme eveza. Ngakho, uma sikhuluma mayelana incompleteness ubuhlobo indlela - bayolotshwa phansi keni. Ngokwesibonelo, ugu (eduze kolwandle), kancane evulekile (hhayi ngokugcwele evulekile), uyeza (esondela).