Ice lweminyaka Kornilov ibutho. Ice kuNdasa Zinikele Army

Izenzakalo wamavukelambuso ezenzeka kuqala eRussia evela Februwari kuya ku-October 1917, cishe wabhubhisa mbuso omkhulu futhi lokhu kwaholela Swagger ka kulwiwa. Ukubona Esimweni esinjalo kunzima kuleli zwe, izinsalela ibutho bobukhosi wanquma sihlanganise imizamo yabo ukubuyisela amandla okunokwethenjelwa ukuze afeze isinyathelo sezempi hhayi kuphela ngokumelene amaBolshevik, kodwa futhi ukuvikela lokhokho ngokumelene nokungena umqali zangaphandle.

Ukwakheka kwe-Volunteer Army

Ukuhlanganisa ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngesisekelo okubizwa ngokuthi inhlangano u-Alexis, ekuqaleni womsebenzi oluba ngosuku ukufika jikelele. Kwakungenxa udumo lwakhe futhi kule sokusebenzisana owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi. Lokhu senzakalo senzeka Novocherkassk 2 (15) Novemba 1917

Ekupheleni kwamasonto ayisithupha, ngo-December ngomnyaka ofanayo, kwaba nomhlangano okhethekile zase eqoqwe. Kwaba khona abangu-amasekela eMoscow eliholwa ojenene. Empeleni, lo mbuzo oku-ukusatshalaliswa izindima ukuphathwa amabutho phakathi Kornilov futhi Alekseev. Ngenxa yalokho, kwanqunywa ukuba amandla ngokugcwele lempi lasakazeka lisuka kumuntu ojenene kuqala. Ukwakhiwa izingxenye bawaletha ku ukulwa ukulungela umnyuziki ngabelwa Jikelele Abasebenzi, eliholwa uLieutenant General S. L. Markov.

Ngesikhathi Christmas amabutho wamemezela ukuze ujoyine umyalo yebutho Jikelele Kornilov. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kube ngokusemthethweni waziwa ngokuthi Zinikele.

Isimo e-Don

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi asanda kusungulwa Army General Kornilov bawadinga ngokuphuthumayo ukusekela Don Cossacks. Kodwa akukaze wathola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaBolshevik waqala cindezela sazungeza imizi Rostov futhi Novocherkassk, kanye Ukuzinikela Army ngesikhathi begijima ngaphakathi kuye, ngokuphuthumayo ekumelaneni nokuhlupheka ukulahlekelwa omkhulu. Eselahle ukusekela Don Cossacks, uMlawuli kwezinhloko zamaviyo General Kornilov, 9 (22) Ngo-February Don usenqume ukushiya futhi ukuya emzaneni Olginskaya. Yaqala kanjalo-Ice Mashi 1918.

I Rostov ishiywe babebaningi iyunifomu, amachashazi kanye amagobolondo, kanye ezitolo wezokwelapha kanye nabasebenzi - konke ibutho elincane oludingekayo ukuze uqapha tindlelanchubo edolobheni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba Alekseev noma Kornilov okwamanje yakhetha ukugqugquzela ngenkani ekuthathweni kwempahla.

emzaneni Olginskaya

Ice kuNdasa Zinikele Army waqala kabusha yayo. Fika e Olginskaya ngomzana, amabutho zahlukaniswa 3 elihamba ibutho: Yabashokobezi, Kornilov ukushaqeka zungeza-isikhulu. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva izisebenzi zokuzithandela ahamba futhi zayiswa maqondana Ekaterinodar. Kwakuwusuku lokuqala Kuban Ice umkhankaso, eyaqala ngokusebenzisa Chomutov, Kagalnitskaya futhi Egorlykskaya emzaneni. Army kafushane langena endaweni sifundazwe laseStavropol, bese uphinda wangena Kuban esifundeni. Kuyo isendleleni amavolontiya njalo amacala izibhelu ahlomile ne iRed Army. Kancane kancane Kornilovites ezinhlwini thinned, futhi nsuku zonke baba sincipha isibalo sawo.

izindaba ezingalindelekile

1 (14) Ngo-March Red Army kwaba Ekaterinodar umatasa. Ngayizolo, uColonel VLPokrovsky namabutho akhe bashiya umuzi, okuyinto kakhulu izinkinga isimo esase sikhona kakade kunalokho nzima ngokuqashwa kwamavolontiya. Amahlebezi ukuthi Reds matasa Ekaterinodar ukuba Kornilov ngosuku olulandelayo befika, lapho amabutho ayekhona kuzo esiteshini Settlement, kodwa abazange unamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu. Emva kwezinsuku 2 edolobhaneni Korenovskaya okwakuthatha amavolontiya ngenxa nempi enkulu, bathola kwelinye lamakamelo ye iphephandaba Soviet. Lapho, kwabikwa ukuthi kwakubulawa amaBolshevik wathatha ngempela Ekaterinodar.

Tholakele izindaba devalued ngokuphelele Kuban Ice umkhankaso, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho lutho yakhokhwa amakhulu izimpilo zabantu. Jikelele Kornilov yanquma akuvezi amabutho ayo Ekaterinodar bese uvula eningizimu niwele Kuban. Wahlela ukuba baphumule amabutho akhe emizaneni Circassian futhi Cossack izindawo ezisezintabeni futhi ukulinda kancane. Lesi sinqumo Kornilov, Denikin ngokuthi "iphutha elibi kakhulu" futhi, kanye Romanovsky wazama ukuphambukisa induna yempi lokhu ibhizinisi. Kodwa mkhuzi elukhuni.

Xhuma amabutho

Ebusuku kusuka 5 kuya ku-6 Mashi Kornilov Army Ice umkhankaso baqhubeka ohlangothini eningizimu. Emva kwezinsuku 2, izisebenzi zokuzithandela ewela i-Elbe futhi waya Maikop, kodwa Kwavela ukuthi kule ndawo, ipulazi ngamunye okufanele zithathwe ukuze alwe. Ngakho-ke, lo jikelele evele balibhekisa entshonalanga, sawela umfula White, baphuthuma auls Circassian. Lapha, wayethemba hhayi kuphela bangabeki yempi yakhe, kodwa futhi ukuze uxhumane Kuban amabutho Pokrovsky.

Kodwa njengoba idatha kwakamumva ukuhamba Zinikele Army sombutho wayengekho, wayeka ukuzama ukuze ifohle iye Maikop. Basil wanquma ngiphendukele River Kuban futhi baxhumane amabutho Kornilov, yena owayesevele wakwazi ukubaleka lapho. Ngenxa yalokho zalesi sidididi, amabutho amabili - Kuban futhi Volunteer - uzama ukuthola nomunye ngokungahleliwe. Ekugcineni ngo-March 11, baphumelela.

Village Novodmitrievskaya: Ice lweminyaka

Kwaba ngoMashi 1918. Ikhathaze amakhilomitha nsuku amamashi kanye izimpi buthaka ibutho kwadingeka ukuba zidlule emhlabeni black viscous, njengoba isimo sezulu kungazelelwe waphenduka okubi, lapho izulu liqala ukuna. Yena salandelwa isithwathwa evuvukele ngakho kusukela iyunifomu amasosha imvula 'baye baba ngokoqobo iqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokucijile ukubanda ezintabeni kwachitheka iqhwa. Amazinga lehla -20 ⁰S. Njengoba ayetshelwe abahlanganyeli kanye nofakazi lezo zenzakalo, abalimele ngubani ziphuthunyiswe ezinqoleni, kusihlwa kwadingeka ukuthi ziphume ne ashaya kwakhiwa elibazungezile ngumuntu obukhulu ice uqweqwe.

Mangisho ukuthi Ngaphezu kwakho konke, phakathi no-March, kwakusafanele senzakalo abanonya wehlela emlandweni njengoba impi emzaneni Novodmitrievskaya lapho fighters ovelele ikakhulukazi Isifingqo-nezikhonzi ibutho. Kamuva, ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Ice Mashi" ngaqala ukuqonda ukuthi le mpi, kanye esandulele futhi ayemlandela egibele ushintsho embozwe iqhwa uqweqwe asemaqeleni.

Ungena yesivumelwano

Ngemva kwempi emzaneni Novodmitrievskoy kumiswa amasosha, Kuban uhlongoza siyifake ku Zinikele Ibutho amalungelo ezimele butho. Ngo exchange, bathembisa neqhaza umthamo wemvula kanye supply amabutho. On izimo ezinjalo ngokushesha wavuma Jikelele Kornilov. Ice umkhankaso baqhubeka, namandla ezempi liye landa 6 ayizinkulungwane. Man.

Amavolontiya sinqume waphinda ukuya inhlokodolobha Kuban - Ekaterinodar. Nakuba abasebenzi abaphathi saveza icebo wokusebenza, amabutho ushintshe waphumula ngenkathi ulwisana ukuhlasela eminingi we amaBolshevik.

Ekaterinodar

Ice lweminyaka Kornilov Army sekuzophela isakhiwo. Mashi 27 (April 9) amavolontiya sawela umfula. Kuban steel isiphepho Ekaterinodar. City bavikela ibutho 20000th obomvu, elaliholwa Sorokin ukuzimela. Ulinga Ekaterinodar kuhlulekile, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-4 ngenxa omunye iziqubu igobolondo okungahleliwe wabulawa Jikelele Kornilov. imisebenzi yakhe wathatha phezu Denikin.

Mangisho ukuthi Zinikele Army ngalwa imvelo ngokugcwele izimo baphakame izikhathi eziningana amabutho iRed Army. Ukulahlekelwa manje Denikin babulawa bekumakhulu 4 1.5 ayizinkulungwane. Wounded. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, ama-jikelele nokho wakwazi ukuhoxisa yibutho imvelo we River Don.

April 29 (Meyi 12) nge izinsalela Denikin nebutho lakhe wafika eningizimu Don esifundeni endaweni Hamba-Borisovka - Mechetinsky - Egorlytskaya, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo nokuhamba Ice Kornilov, kamuva owaba i-legend we ukunyakaza White, yaqedwa.

inguqulelo eSiberia

Winter 1920 ngaphansi ukuhlaselwa lesitha waqala ukuhoxa Eastern Front, elaliholwa Admiral Kolchak. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo msebenzi wathatha indawo, kanye nokuhamba ibutho Kornilov, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu zezulu sezulu. -Equestrian ukushaywa obuphelele lezingalo eziyizinkulungwane 2. Km ukusebenzisa endleleni ka Novonikolaevsk futhi Barnaul futhi Chita. Wabizwa "I laseSiberia Ice umkhankaso" phakathi kwamasosha iWhite Army.

Lolu shintsho nzima waqala Novemba 14, 1919, lapho ingxenye White Army kwesokunxele Omsk. Amabutho eholwa V O. Kappelya zinhlanga eduze sesitimela Trans-Siberian, ethwele echelons kwabonayo. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi phezu izithende wabo nokujaha iRed Army. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sishubiswa ngokwengeziwe nezibhelu eziningi, agqoke ngaphambili langemuva, kanye lihlaselwa kunamaqembu ezigebengu namaqembu ahlukahlukene yabashokobezi. Kwathi kusenjalo, is wawuhlanganisa futhi lyutymi yesithwathwa laseSiberia.

Nakuba ujantshi balawula eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia Corps, ngakho amasosha Jikelele Kappel bexoshwa izimoto bathunyelwe isihlibhi. Ngemva kwalokho, White Army isibe giant ngobukhulu isihlibhi kulandelana.

Lapho Abamhlophe wafika Krasnoyarsk, idolobha ehlubuka ikampu aholwa Gen. Bronisław Zinevych ngubani owenza ukuthula nabantwana amaBolshevik. Yena Kappel wanxusa ukwenza okufanayo, kodwa wenqaba. Ekuqaleni kuka-January 1920 elalandela skirmishes ezimbalwa, ngemva kwalokho ezingaphezu kuka-12 eziyinkulungwane. Abamhlophe wazungeza Krasnoyarsk, awela Yenisei waqhubeka waya empumalanga. Cishe inani elifanayo amasosha wakhetha sokunikela ikampu edolobheni.

Ukushiya Krasnoyarsk, ibutho ahlukaniswe ngamakhalamu. Okokuqala wayala K. Sakharov, ogama amabutho wahambisana amathrekhi ujantshi kanye onguthelawayeka laseSiberia. Ikholomu lesibili baqhubeka imashi yayo eholwa Ice Kappel. Wathuthela lokuqala egudle uMfula Yenisei, bese ngomfula Kan. Lolu shintsho kwaba nzima kakhulu futhi kuyingozi. Iqiniso lokuthi p. Kang laligcwele ungqimba iqhwa futhi ngaphansi kwalo egeleza imithombo yamanzi okokuqandisa. Futhi 35 ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa! Amasosha kwadingeka ukuhambahamba ebumnyameni futhi njalo ukuwela iqine, ngokuphelele ezingabonakali ngaphansi eqhweni mkhulu. Abaningi babo eba yiqhwa futhi wahlala ukufakaza amanga, ukuhlambalaza lonke ibutho ukuba aqhubekele kwenye indawo.

Phakathi kwalolu shintsho, kwathi Jikelele Kappel yiqhwa zaqina kwezinyawo zakhe, ukuwela umhlonyane. Efike wahlinzwa khona ngoba esitho ukunqunywa kwenziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela hypothermia, wagula samakhaza. Maphakathi noJanuwari 1920 White ethumba Kansk. ngosuku lwamashumi amabili nanye lwenyanga efanayo, uMbusi Ophakeme Russian amaBolshevik Kolchak amaCzech namaRomany ikhishwe. Emva kwezinsuku 2, vele befa Kappel jikelele eqoqwe iseluleko Army Abasebenzi. Kwanqunywa ukuba athathe Irkutsk isiphepho ikhulule Kolchak. Januwari 26, Kappel wafa Ice umkhankaso eliholwa Jikelele Wojciechowski.

Kusukela ukukhuthazwa White Army in the Irkutsk ukuthi ngandlela-thile imisiwe ngenxa yokulwa njalo, wasebenzisa Lenin, okunguye okhipha lo ukuze ukudubula Kolchak. Wabulawa ku 7 Februwari. Lapho bezwa ngalokhu, i-jikelele wenqaba Wojciechowski manje isibe lutho Irkutsk lokushaya. Ngemva kwalokho, amasosha akhe sawela iBaikal kwathi esiteshini. Mysovaya ukulayishwa bonke abalimele, abesifazane abagulayo nezingane kule izitimela. Abanye baqhubeka Omkhulu Ice yabo eSiberia ngo-March kuya Chita, okuyinto phose abangamakhulu ayisithupha amakhilomitha. Njengoba bangena emzini ekuqaleni Mashi 1920.

Lapho shift wayephezu, Jikelele Wojciechowski kusungulwa umklomelo entsha - ". Ukuze le mashi Omkhulu laseSiberia" Lakhethwa bonke ababamba iqhaza izikhulu futhi amasosha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi senzakalo esingokomlando eminyakeni embalwa edlule wamkhumbuza ngokucacile amalungu eqembu zomculo "Kalinov Ibhuloho". "Ice Mashi" - Lalingubani igama nge-albhamu ozinikele ngokuphelele ukuba ukubaleka yebutho Kolchak eSiberia.