I-Uvaly yaseNyakatho: ukusizwa. Kuphi i-North Uvaly?

Kunezindawo eziningi eplanethi ezibangela ukuthuthumela emaciniso, futhi ososayensi banesifiso sokuqonda, ukutadisha nokwenza into engakaqondakali ngaphambili, evame ukuyibiza elinye igama lesayensi. Ngakho-ke, abantu basabheka i-Shambhala ukudalula izimfihlo zayo ukuze wonke umuntu abone, noma aphikisana nokukhona kwe-Hyperborea.

I-Uvaly yaseNyakatho ingenye yezinto ezinjalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bafundiswa, balinganiswa futhi baqoshiwe emephini, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi - akucaci ukuthi kungani beba ngumfula wamifula emikhulu.

Incazelo yezwe

Kutholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ze-East Europe Plain ehlathini eliphakeme elinama-600 km ubude. Lona yiNyakatho ye-Uvaly, okuphakama kwayo kufike ku-294 m. Inhloso eyinhloko yale ndawo isemanzini emigodini yemifula yaseVolga neNorthern Dvina.

Ososayensi bathola ukuthi babonakale ngenxa yemigodi ye-glacial kanye ne-fluvioglacial, ebonakala ngokucacile ezindaweni eziphakeme njengendlela yokulala.

Igama elithi "Uval" linikezwa ngesizathu, ngoba kwakunezinsuku zakudala ukuthi lichaze imigwaqo egcwele amahlumela amancane, futhi ngobuningi, ngoba kunezinqwaba ezinjalo. I-Northern Uvaly Upland isuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga, kusukela eMfuleni i-Unji naseMitraleni yase-Ural.

Amagquma aqhamukayo afana nezigodi ezithwala imifula, nezindawo ezinamanzi. Isimo sezulu eNyakatho Uvaly singabizwa ngokuthi sinzima, ngoba kunamahlobo abandayo abanda kakhulu kanye nehlobo epholile.

Ezindaweni ezinomile futhi eziphakemeyo amahlathi e-coniferous akhula, alandelana namahlathi amancane.

Indawo yaseMfuleni eNkulu

I-Uvaly esenyakatho yambamba ingxenye engenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye- Perm Region, futhi ukukhululeka kwayo lapha kuboniswa yi-hummock encane enezinga eliphakeme elingaphezu kwe-270 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Kodwa iningi labo lisendaweni yaseVologda naseKrov, lapho ukukhululeka kushintsha njalo.

Njengoba i-riverhedral yemifula yaseVolga neNyakatho Dvina, i-Uvaly nayo yaba isiqalo semifula emikhulu yaseRussia, njengeKana, Kostroma, Vavka, Shekna, Unzh, Sukhona, Vetluga, Yug, Molom, Sysola, Sharzhenka kanye neningi lazo.

Isibonelo, umthombo we-Vetluga uqala ukusuka eNyakatho ye-Uval futhi ugijima ngendlela ngo-884 km, uwela ezifundazweni ze-Kirov, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, nasendaweni kaMari El egeleza ku-Volga.

Umzila woMfula i-Unji uqala futhi ukusuka eNyakatho Uvaly futhi uhlala 430 km ngaphambi kokungena kuVolga njengendlela ejulile futhi eyinhloko ye-tributary. Amagumbi aqala ukuvela lapha adlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ama-uvals, kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko salesi sakhiwo esingavamile nesiqondiso sivela kuwo.

Ukukhululwa Kwe-Northern Uvaly

Ukwakhiwa kwalokhu kuphakama kunquma kakhulu ukubonakala kwayo. I-Uvaly YaseNyakatho, ukukhululeka kwayo okuyingxenye enkulu kunefomu elibushelelezi, lihlanganisa amadwala abo aMosozoic avulekile, okuyinto futhi, encike kumadijithi asePermian amadala.

Zakhiwe ngenxa yokunyakaza kwe-tectonic yomkhumbi womhlaba esifundeni se-syneclise yaseMoscow (ngobumnene bendawo ngaphakathi kwesiteji esisodwa).

I-Uvaly esenyakatho inesisekelo esiqinile esiya ngokujulile ngo-2000-3000 m, kuyilapho ubuso buboniswa ikakhulukazi ngamatshe angama-marly amaPermian neT Triassic. Ezindaweni zokuzamazama komhlaba, i-sandy-argillaceous deposits ye-Jurassic ne-Lower Cretaceous izikhathi zenzeka.

Uvaly esifundeni saseVologda

Ngenxa yokuphakama kweNyakatho ye-Ugol, isifunda saseVologda sicebile emzimbeni wamanzi anjalo:

• I-Sukhona ingumfula omkhulu kunazo zonke esifundeni, lapho uVologda noDvina bewela khona.
• I-South ne-tributary ye-Luza.
• Mologa, Sheksna no-Unzha.

I-Uvaly YaseNyakatho lapha iboniswa ngesihluthulelo esiphezulu esinezimpande ezindiza. Ezindawo eziphakeme zilawulwa amapheshana ehlathi, lapho kukhona khona i-lynx, i-moose, i-martens, i-badgers, i-wolverines nezimpungushe. Lapha, amakhowe namajikijolo ayiningi kakhulu, futhi imifula igcwele izinhlanzi.

Emathafeni aseNyakatho YaseNyakatho, kunezinambuzane eziningi ezihlala kuzo izinyoni, futhi yiziphi izihlahla zangempela zama-cranberries. Ibukeka kahle kakhulu phezu komfula i-Uvaly, egcwele iqhwa ngamachashaza ama-firs eluhlaza kanye nemiphini.

Esikhathini sendawo, ukudoba nokuzingela yizinhlobo zokuzilibazisa ezizithandayo, ngenxa yemvelo enomusa yalesi sifunda esivumela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ehlobo sasehlobo, amaxhaphozi asendaweni avakashelwa abathandi be-cranberry, kanye nabakhuni be-mushroom.

Uvaly esifundeni saseKrov

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yikuphi ama-North Uvals, udinga ukwazi ukuthi zitholakala kuphi. Ukungafani kwabo kulele ukuthi i- plain lonke laseRussia linomqondo we-meridional, kuyilapho kune-morphostructure ephikisanayo ne-sublatitudinal isiqondiso. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukuphakama kanye nethafa kwakhiwa ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene zokuhamba kwamagagasi e-tectonic. Namuhla kubonakala ngokuphambene nezinkomba zabo.

Ngakho-ke, i-Northern Uvals inquma ithafa ngokusebenzisa izindawo ezikulo, futhi ungahambi kuyo ngokufanayo. Isibonelo, isifunda saseKirov "sathola" ama-spurs awo aseningizimu, amelwe amagquma namagquma anezintambo ezithambile nezintaba eziphakeme, eziqongile.

Lonke liyingxenye yemifula igcwele imifula, futhi kusukela eningizimu ihlangene nezwe eliphansi, emathafeni asezintabeni. Emagqumeni ngokuvamile kutholakala amatshe amakhulu, futhi iningi leziqhingi nezigodi zemifula zigcwele amahlathi aminyene. Umfula oyinhloko wesifunda saseVirov iVatatka uvela enyakatho ye-Uvaly.

Uhlobo LwaseNtshonalanga YaseNyakatho

Noma ubani owake wavakashela eNyakatho Uvaly akasoze akhohlwa ubuhle bawo obunzima, ubusuku obumhlophe bukaJuni, kanye nohlobo oluhlaza oluhlaza lweqhwa ngo-Agasti.

Zibuye zihle ebusika, nakuba zinzima kakhulu - izinga lokushisa lapha livame ukwehla ukuya ku--40 degrees, futhi ikhava yeqhwa ingafinyelela ku-170 cm. Ukukhanga okuyinhloko kwalesi sifundazwe kuyimithombo yayo eminingi, ngayinye ehle kakhulu ngendlela yayo.

Isibonelo, uMfula iNingizimu, ubude bawo buyi-491 km, awunabo kuphela amabhishi anobuso obuhle obhejane nezindawo zokupaka, kodwa futhi abadobi abadobi abanezinhlanzi eziningi. Lapha ungabamba i-pike ne-burbot, i-yazya ne-chub, i-grayling ne-asp, i-perch ne-minnow.

Kodwa ukukhanga okuyinhloko kwale mijelo yihlathi, elihlala endaweni engama-70%. Ziyi-pine, i-spruce, i-fir ne-larch, i-aspen, i-linden ne-birch, i-maple, i-elm ne-cherry bird. Kwababhikishi be-mushroom, lokhu kuyipharadesi yangempela. Balindele ama-podberezoviki namakhowe amhlophe, ama-boletus nama-mushroom, i-borax ye-gingerbread kanye nama-freckles, ama-chanterelles nama-russules, ama-honey agarics nama-morels. Emagqumeni kukhona inqwaba ye-cranberries, ikakhulukazi endaweni engaphansi kwe-Kemi.

Nakuba abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Northern Uvals iyisisekelo samanzi futhi kuphela, empeleni akunjalo. Isifunda esicebile kakhulu, esingaba ngu-600 km eceleni kwethala laseRussia.

I-Uvaly yaseNyakatho ne-Hyperborea

Namuhla ososayensi abaningi bamatasa befuna umhlaba ongaqondakali we-Hyperborea, incazelo ecacile eyanikezwa nguHerodotus. Ukuthembela ezinkampanini zendawo, njengeziqondiso ezinhlangothini zomhlaba, kanye nezinkanyezi, ngokusho kwencazelo yangaphandle, ezinye zazo zibeka phambili umbono wokuthi leli zwe lilele ngaphesheya kweNyakatho YaseNyakatho, okuyinto, njengoba kushiwo kule nkcazelo, yikho kokubili umfula kanye nokuqala komkhulu Imifula.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunjalo, akukaziwa, kodwa kunamaqiniso amaningi ngokuvumelana nale mbono.