Northwestern Federal District: edolobheni kwaba nabantu bezizwe ezixubile

Northwestern Federal District - kuchazwa indawo wengxenye European yeRussia. Lapha kuhlanganiswe 7 ezindaweni 1 idolobha federal, 2 republic futhi 1 esifundeni ezizimele. Bonke zitholakala enyakatho enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe.

Lokhu isifunda isimo lalimisa ngokomthetho ngo-2000. Siqukethe izifundo 11, kuhlanganise sokuqondisa ukubaluleka federal Saint Petersburg. Le ndawo Imininingwane imayelana 2 million izinyawo square. km, okuyinto mayelana 10% of the usayizi Imininingwane Russian. Kusukela ngomhla ka-2015, inani labantu abantu kancane esingaphansi ezigidini ezingu-14, iningi labo 80% bukhoma emadolobheni.

Ngamagama kwezomnotho, kubaluleke kakhulu yezwe iyona North-West Federal District. City, linendawo ekhethekile:

• Umholi ezicini zonke, yebo, eSt Petersburg.
• Inhloko-dolobha ye Komi Republic - Syktyvkar.
• Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo lesifunda - Kaliningrad.
• Idolobha Military Inkazimulo - Novgorod.
• Imbobo esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia - Murmansk.
• Centre kamasipala - Severodvinsk.
• Borough - Arkhangelsk.
• Petrozavodsk - inhloko-dolobha Republic Karelia.
• Vologda - maphakathi ukuthuthukiswa yesayensi.
• Idolobha Vologda esifundeni - Cherepovets.

Resources yasesiFundeni Northwest umvumele ukuba luthathe omunye izindawo yodumo ezweni lonkana. Lapha ukukhiqiza titanium isizinda, igesi, uwoyela, apatite. County umhlaba ngokugcwele Peat imali kanye oluthambile. ezifakwa ezinkulu igolide, idayimane, nickel, i-uranium, ukuvumela lomnotfo ukhule ngalokuphindvwe ngokushesha, hhayi kuphela esifundeni kodwa futhi wonke umbuso.

Komi Republic

Komi Indaba iqala ngo-1921 Kuze 1936 kwaba elilingana esifundeni ezizimele, kodwa kusukela ngo-December 5 kwalowo nyaka, yena waklonyeliswa isihloko WeRiphabhulikhi YaseNingizimu Afrika, okuyinto yeSoviet Union. ngegama lalo lamanje ethola Januwari 12, 1993 Ngo-1994, wase ebekwa yokutholwa umthethosisekelo evunywe elingenamikhono izingalo, ingoma kanye ifulege, futhi agcinwe okhethweni lokuqala ikhanda weRiphabhulikhi.

Okwamanje ingxenye Northwestern Federal District. Ukwakheka Republic of Komi:

• izifunda zokuphatha - 12;
• emadolobheni kwakuwukuthi republic - 8;
• nemizana lesifunda - 2;
• Imikhandlu emzaneni - 190;
• nemizana - 37.

Inkinga zezimboni weza ekwindla ka-USSR. Lokhu kuholele ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe kwenqwaba. Kusukela ngo-1990 kuya ku-2000 inani labantu liphindeke kwehle ngo-20%.

Njengamanje, umnotho republic zayithungela ezingeni eliphezulu. Kukhona ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela isizinda nokucutshungulwa amaminerali ezifana amagugu, uwoyela negesi.

Nenets Autonomous avtonomnyy

NgokoMthethosisekelo, lesi sigodi okuyisihloko isimo. Inani olusemthethweni wathola ngo-1926, Naryan-Mar waqokwa sokuqondisa. Ingabe izindawo ezinabantu abaningi ayingcosana ngaphakathi Northwestern Federal District. Amadolobha amaningi e-endaweni ehlala abantu abangaba isigamu-Russian, kanye zomdabu akha kancane engaphansi kwengama-20%. Inombolo ephelele labantu esifundeni - abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-43 .. Charter esifundeni ezizimele ikuvumela ukuba usebenze ngaphandle Russian Federation.

Ukwakheka County yilezi:

• idolobha amagugu zokuphatha - 1;
• PGT - 1;
• emzaneni - 42.

The main sphere kwezomnotho - ezaziphila ngokufuya nezolimo.

I-Republic of Karelia

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala Karelia ubonakele ekhulwini VII, lawa kwakungamadodana izizwe okuqondene aseBaltic nasengxenyeni Finnish inyunyana onobunye. Kusukela ngo-2001, waba isihloko agcwele nge isishayamthetho yayo Russian. lomthethosisekelo izimfanelo eziyisisekelo Benziwe. I-dolobha yeRiphabhuliki - Petrozavodsk. isiqoqi sama-softwe nelesimbi - imboni esemqoka, uvumela ukubamba isikhundla aholayo phakathi kwezinye izifunda kufakwe Northwestern Federal District.

Izindawo weRiphabhulikhi ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye enyakatho, eseningizimu nemaphakathi. Ngamunye wabo uhlukile ngokuya labantu kanye nentuthuko yomnotho.

1. Emaphakathi ingxenye -% 13 kuphela abantu sebebonke.
2. North - mayelana 14%.
3. Ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-republic of Karelia ezinabantu abaningi - 73%.

izakhamizi Basic - Russian (57%) kanye Karelian (37%), bezinye izizwe - 6%.

Saint Petersburg

Okuwukuphela idolobha esifundeni ukubaluleka federal - Petersburg. Kuyinto inhlokodolobha yamasiko isimo enkulu. Peter mina yasungulwa ngo 1703. Lapha kuba esinye sezisebenzi eyinhloko amabutho Russia. Ngokufinyelela ngqo olwandle, behlaliswe umyalo omkhulu we Navy isimo.

Petersburg - yesayensi, isikhungo samasiko nezezimboni nge umnotho athuthukile, ingxenye Northwestern Federal District. Leningrad esifundeni akubandakanyi edolobheni, ngoba njengenkondlo ebonisa inhlangano ezimele.

I bakhona abantu abangaphezu kuka-5 million. It has a siyaziqhenya igama sesigidi. Kuyinto dolobha eliminyene elinabantu, endaweni ingqikithi cishe unyaka nesigamu ayizinkulungwane square metres. km.

Leningrad esifundeni

Leningrad esifundeni udlulisela for sq 84. M. km. Kuyinto esifundeni kuphela, lapho iziphathimandla kukhona endaweni ehlukene (eMoscow). Ngo-1993, umthetho-sisekelo kwavunyelwana wona owamukela nalabo abangakholwa Leningrad esifundeni isihloko ezweni esikhulu esagcina sele sibizwa Russia. Northwestern Federal District kuhlanganisa esifundeni komasipala 217. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu izifunda idolobha nakuzo zonke izifunda 17, okuhlanganisa 61 ezigudle emadolobheni kanye 138 ezigodini. It ithatha indawo ehlala abantu abacishe babe izigidi ezingu-2. izindawo eziyinhloko umkhakha: ukwakhiwa, ukucutshungulwa metal, ezokuthutha. Elilinganiswayo izimali ngonyaka ruble 700-800 bhiliyoni.

Kaliningrad esifundeni

Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation ihlanganisa Kaliningrad esifundeni. Ngu ndawo, ke luncane iqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda of Russia. Kukala kancane kuka eziyinkulungwane 15 sq. M. km. Isici kulendawo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngemva kokuwa wase-USSR Kaliningrad esifundeni ilahlekelwe umngcele izwe Russia. Labantu imayelana ayizinkulungwane 960. Man.

90% zigcine ezweni amber ilapha. Futhi kule Kaliningrad esifundeni limbiwa rock usawoti, ansundu, Peat, uwoyela.

Murmansk esifundeni

Murmansk esifundeni kwamiswa ngo-1938. Kuthatha cishe izinkulungwane 145 sq. M. km square elinabantu ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 766. ndoda. Northwestern Federal District ihlanganisa zonke izifunda zalo. athuthukiswe kahle izinhlobo ezinjalo umkhakha, ezifana yokusansimbi non-ayoni, izimayini, umkhakha ukukhanya, ukucubungula metal kanye nezimboni zamakhemikhali. imali yonyaka ububanzi ezungeza 300 bhiliyoni ruble, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ubambe isikhundla phakathi kule simo izifunda Russian. Isakhiwo Murmansk esifundeni siqukethe 5 izifunda kanye 12 izifunda ukuzibusa ka kwakuwukuthi edolobheni.

Pskov esifundeni

Pskov esifundeni kwamiswa ngo-1944, kodwa imingcele yayo ekugcineni kwakhiwa kuphela ngo-1958, yonke iminyaka 4 ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ilawulwa amaJalimane, okuyinto ithonywe zentuthuko yawo kanye labantu. Ngo-1967, ngokuba kwethu nesibindi futhi ukululama ngokushesha ngemva lokulwa wathola umklomelo eliphakeme - Order of Lenin.

Okwamanje, ngokuvumelana 2015 labantu esifundeni zaba ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 650. Man. Uma ungene ngemvume Northwestern Federal District inzuzo yayo okwedlulele safinyelela cishe 80 bhiliyoni ruble. Lapha, ezolimo, amandla isizukulwane, ukwakhiwa.

Vologda esifundeni

Vologda esifundeni imingcele imfundo yesimanje senzeka ngo-1937 Nokho, ngo-1944, izindawo Pavinsky Vohomsky wadlula phakathi kwelifa loonyana Kostroma esifundeni. Ubude labantu - abantu-1.1 million. Umuzi Vologda kuyinto sokuqondisa. abantu Indigenous - Russian futhi Veps.

Omasipala esifundeni:

• izindawo neziphathimandla zendawo - 26;
• District - 2;
• ezigudle emadolobheni - 22;
• emzaneni - 322.

I izimboni amaningi asethuthukile - ugesi nelesimbi ayoni.

esifundeni Novgorod

Northwestern Federal District kuhlanganisa imingcele 7 izifunda. endaweni Novgorod lifaka 6th ubukhulu 55,3 square metres. km. Yasungulwa ngonyaka ka-1944 Nokho, ngo-1956, abangu kabusha division izindawo, kanye nemikhandlu dolobhana futhi Dmitrov Mozolevski wathuthela kuhanjiswa Leningrad esifundeni. Inani labantu - abantu abangaphezu kuka-618 eziyinkulungwane ..

Ngo esifundeni Novgorod has emadolobheni 3 ukubaluleka lesifunda. It Veliky Novgorod - sokuqondisa, Borovichi futhi Staraya Russa.

Ngezinye isenzo 1519 indawo izakhiwo zezimboni. izindawo Oholela: ngokhuni zamakhemikhali, yokusansimbi.

Arkhangelsk esifundeni

Isifunda elikhulu Russia, elise ohlangothini European, kuyinto Ingelosi Eyinhloko (ayizinkulungwane 590 sq. Km.). Ubukhulu bayo ingafaniswa ezindaweni Kwamanye amazwe, isibonelo:

• France (. Ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 537 sq Km.);
• Spain (cishe izinkulungwane 505 sq. Km.).

Esikhathini ukuhlukaniswa Northern Region ngo-1937, Arkhangelsk yasungulwa. Ngokusho idatha efanele-2015, inani labantu cishe 1,2 million abantu. Kule ndawo basuke bagxila izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini: shipbuilding, ngokhuni uginindela nephepha, amadayimane yezimayini.