Noqhekeko - Iyini? Yokubola imigomo. Okwakushiwo "noqhekeko"

Namuhla, enkathini oguqukayo emhlabeni digital ukuze uhlale ngesivinini imicimbi nzima. Ukuze uthole konke kumele uzibekele imigomo, izinjongo, ukusabalalisa kanye izikhulu zalo. Logic kanye nokuhlaziywa - the abasizi engcono ekuxazululeni izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Omunye amathuluzi kuyinto okunengqondo ukwakha yokubola. Ake sicabangele ke ngokuningiliziwe.

definition

Ngokuvamile, lokho okushiwo noqhekeko - a division of wonke tincenye. Kuyinto inqubo kuhle elula neqondile esisiza nsuku ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinzima ngokuletha kubo njengoba isamba izingxenye. Ukwakhiwa okunomqondo uhlelo noqhekeko - inqubo yesayensi ukuxazulula inkinga enkulu ngokufaka esikhundleni abangababi bemisebenzi yaso eziningana ezincane futhi kube lula.

Ngokuvamile, noqhekeko Kwenziwa usebenzisa "inkinga esihlahleni", "isihlahla yezinhloso", "isinqumo isihlahla", "ukhuni umsebenzi", ukwakhiwa zazo bakha isakhiwo ecacile phezulu, kuhlanganise kwakuwukuthi mpo futhi evundla feedbacks.

Izici

Isisekelo sanoma ibuphi noqhekeko - kuyinto kwakuwukuthi kwesakhiwo kuya imithetho indlela. Naletinye elawula sonke isimiso imithetho yilezi ezilandelayo:

1) Njalo kufanele kuqashelwe ezingeni uhlelo.

Indlela noqhekeko kusekelwe okhonzile ezingeni leliphasi ephakeme. Lokhu ibangelwa bakha isakhiwo phezulu usebenzisa okuthiwa "isihlahla."

Okokuqala wenza ukwakha inkinga isihlahla kanye nezinhloso esihlahleni ukuze ngokucacile futhi zibukeke zimelela yonke imisebenzi ayatholakala okwamanje. Kulesi kuhanjiswa kumele ibukeke ukuze umsebenzi sezingeni leliphasi lembula okushiwo yemisebenti ezingeni eliphakeme, futhi bonke sub-izinkinga kuwumsebenzi lilonke. Ukuqonda isithombe esinembile futhi ephelele ukusebenza iphesenti noqhekeko yephrojekthi iza kuphela lapho umuthi Izinjongo egcwele ku-100%.

Ukuqondiswa NguNkulunkulu algebra elula esisemthethweni kanye logic, kungenzeka ukwakha "isihlahla futhi" futhi "izihlahla noma".

2) Kwehlukanisa wonke ibe izingxenye kufanele kuphela kwenzeke ngoba esinye isici.

Lesi simiso kusho ukuthi zonke sub-imisebenzi izoba ngaphansi umqondo futhi injongo eyodwa. Njengoba isibonelo, noqhekeko kungaba umsebenzi wokwakha. Njengoba main iziqephu sici yokutholwa isici ukusebenza, iphrojekthi kuhlukaniswe. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase zihlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo: ukwakhiwa ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu (QOL) kanye nezixazululo yezakhiwo (AR), metal ezakhiwe (CM), Ukushisa kanye umoya omncane (OS), njll Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, lezi zindawo futhi kufanele zehlukaniswe umsebenzi, okungukuthi ezingeni elilandelayo sub-Okuqondiwe bafanele banikelwe imigomo esemqoka. Ngokwesibonelo, Ukushisa kanye umoya omncane kwesigaba (S) lihlukaniswe by inothi ochazayo, imidwebo, umhlobiso, ukudlula ukulawula normative nokuhlolwa lobuchwepheshe, imibhalo, kweso, ukulungiswa ngokuvumelana namazwi nokunye.

Esikhathini Uhlaka (isikhathi) ingaphinda isetshenziswe njengesici sawo esivelele, uphikisana izici, izici kwesakhiwo, ukucutshungulwa izici, kanye nabanye.

3) Zonke subsystems noqhekeko kumelwe sidalule okushiwo ohlelweni.

Uma sicabange umsebenzi oyinhloko njengoba 100%, bese zonke subtasks kufanele enze okufanayo 100% isiyonke. Kulokhu, ngamunye sub-umsebenzi ezingeni lokuqala yakhiwa umthetho iphesenti emelela isamba yesibili ezingeni subtasks.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi wonke ahlukaniswe eyodwa ezingeni subtasks kumele kube esizimele komunye nomunye, kanti sabaphathi imisebenzi egatsheni elifanayo kufanele isekelwe esimisweni sokuncika nempendulo: nenselele ezingeni eliphakeme incike subtask yayo, noHezekeli.

4) Ukutadisha Ukujula noqhekeko kumele ibekwe ekuqaleni.

Ngaphambi ukudala isakhiwo phezulu, wena kudingeka unqume ukuthi yimiphi kuyoba ezingeni lokugcina subtasks. Kwezinye izimo-ke akudingekile ukudala eziningi amazinga, kusukela umgomo yokubola kuyinto ukubonakala. Esimweni lapho isigaba sabaphathi wadala for izibalo ngqo, inani izingqimba kufanele kube ezifana ukuvula ingqikithi imininingwane ngangokunokwenzeka.

ngezigaba

Kuze kube manje, kukhona izinhlobo eziningana yokubola. Ungakha amasu yakho yephrojekthi ethize. Nokho, ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane iphathelene okungukwethembeka noqhekeko target (kuqala bese ubuka eliyisisekelo) izinhlelo (inqubo lokubhidliza uhlelo ku subsystems ngenhloso nokufunda ukuthola imiphumela engcono kakhulu), le nqubo iyasebenza (ukulungiselela isigaba sabaphathi usebenza ukwakhelwa ubuthakathaka futhi ukuzihlalela kwamakhamera ocingo kuqala).

Ngokuvamile, zonke lezi izinqubo basuke esihlobene futhi ngokuvamile zimelela ephelele noqhekeko isakhiwo.

yokubola imigomo

Ukuze uqalise, idwetshwa inkinga isihlahla kanye nezinhloso esihlahleni. Umuthi inkinga - kuyinto idayagramu block lezo nkinga ezinkulu, ngobugebengu ku inkinga ezingeni lesibili nelesithathu. Ngenxa yalokho, sekulula kakhulu ukuxazulula. Ngemuva kocwaningo eningiliziwe izinkinga namaculo izinjongo imithi kuvunyelwe izinkinga esihlahleni. Okungukuthi, zonke isixazululo inkinga kuhlongozwa. Lokhu kugcina eyayisikhona kakade okulungiselelwe nokuncika komunye nomunye subtasks.

ukuhlaziya isenzo

Yokubola umsebenzi - kuyinto ukwakhiwa okunengqondo, nezoqala lapho kuboniswa yonke imigomo kanye nezinselelo futhi kuyinto isakhiwo phezulu kwazo zonke izenzo okumele zithathwe ukuxazulula lokhu noma lokhuya nkinga.

Lokhu logic ikuvumela ukuhlonza mlando, okuyinto unezinkinga. Njengoba subtasks kuxhomeke imisebenzi ephezulu ezingeni, umsebenzi isihlahla ikuvumela ukuba ubone lapho kukhona izinkinga namaphutha. Ngokuvamile ngenxa ubuthaka ezingeni lokuqala yokubola kuthinta umsebenzi emazingeni aphansi.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma umthengi akuyona isicelo kwi ngezikulufo, accounting akuyona akhawunti ayeba futhi musa ukuthenga kubo. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa asizisoli ngoba ze akwanele nezikulufi self-evunyelwe.

reception zakudala

Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezakhiwo, ukubona ubuthakathaka babo, imigomo esemqoka futhi izinkomba, imisebenzi, amaphrojekthi kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa noqhekeko izinhlelo.

Uhlelo ihlukaniswe nendawo futhi zibheka ku amazinga. Kufanele yakha isithombe mazombe isakhiwo. Noqhekeko izinhlelo - lena Isibonelo esivamile yokwehlayo for yiluphi uhlobo yokubola.

Isicelo kwezamabhizinisi

Ukuchaza futhi sihlaziye umsebenzi izinkampani, njengoba umthetho, wasebenzisa inqubo noqhekeko. Ngosizo sabaphathi kungacacisa ukuthi amaphuzu ezibuthakathaka inkampani, izindawo lapho ukwehluleka kwenzeka.

Izinqubo ukunciphisa isikimu jikelele nokuhlaziwa, ngemva kwalokho umbiko mayelana nenkampani.

Isibonelo yokubola

Njengoba isibonelo, cabanga iphrojekthi ukwakhiwa lezinto ukwakhiwa dolobha. Development wenziwa 2 izinyathelo: imibhalo isebenza futhi imibhalo design. Lokhu kuyoba ezingeni lokuqala sub-imisebenzi. Ngesikhathi sigaba design, izokwethulwa le bocwaningo oluthile balinganisela namaphrojekthi. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ushiya okufanayo. Lokhu yesibili ezingeni subtask. Ngokwesibonelo, phrojekthi ezivame ukuvezwa ngesimo izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Executive Summary;
• uhlela inhlangano uhlelo umhlaba ;
• izixazululo yezakhiwo;
• izixazululo ezakhayo futhi isikhala-ukuhlela.

Kulandele sub-izigaba:

• uhlelo amandla;
• amanzi supply system;
• isimiso sokukhuculula;
• Ukushisa, ukupholisa air conditioning, Ukushisa amanethiwekhi;
• ezokuxhumana;
• igesi supply system;
• amakhambi ezobuchwepheshe.

Izigaba kanye izigatshana yephrojekthi kanye imibhalo ukusebenza - lena eyesithathu ezingeni subtasks.

Ingxenye ngayinye unezigaba ezithile futhi ngeke aqukethe ulwazi ngokuhambisana namazinga isimo. Ngokwesibonelo, engxenyeni yephrojekthi zobuchwepheshe izixazululo kufanele lifake umbhalo incazelo eningiliziwe inqubo flowsheet futhi imishini wathola, umfanekiso ingxenye (amapulani, izigaba, izakhiwo), imishini qhutshwa, iphrojekthi design, indawo ukuvakashelwa, wedlula ukulawula normative nokulawula lobuchwepheshe, imibhalo ukukhululwa.

At ngamunye Ezingeni, aqokwe executors wemfanelo, okuyinto ke edingekayo yi. Kulesi sibonelo, ezingeni lokuqala yokubola nabadlali - iyinhloko uMnyango design, kwesibili - unjiniyela omkhulu yephrojekthi (GUI), eyesithathu - onjiniyela.

Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu

Noqhekeko - iyona ndlela logic esisemthethweni, cwaningo esisebenzayo qualitative ezihilela inkinga eyinhloko, ngokuvumelana main injongo yomsebenzi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukubandakanywa nabasebenzi kuwona wonke amazinga ukubhekana imisebenzi multi-level. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo project kakhulu kahle, nge kokutshala imali sakugcina umzamo.