Njengoba ikhodi ibha ukuze uhlole ubuqiniso

Cishe nsuku zonke sibhekene inqubo ukufunda ibhakhodi, sithenga esitolo. Kuyinto le mfanelo liyisici esiyinhloko imikhiqizo ukuhlonza futhi inikeza ulwazi mayelana nabo isamba elanele ukwenza ukuthenga.

Ngakho, ngosizo umfundi ikhodi ibha zingatholakala ku idatha zezwe kanye nomkhiqizi ezithile umkhiqizo, yayo izici zayo (ikhodi, umbala, isayizi, igama, njll), Kanye ukunquma ubuqiniso kuboniswe ulwazi ilebula ngokuqhathanisa ngedatha wathola . Konke lokhu kuvumela ikhasimende isetshenziswa isembozo ezokuthutha noma ibhakhodi. Hlola yona ubuqiniso izimpahla ulula. Kulesi sihloko sibheka ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa, kanye ukuhlaziya ngokuningiliziwe lokho ikhodi unikezwa, indlela ukufunda futhi kungani kuyasiza ukwazi ukuqaqwa.

Ibhakhodi: ukuthi kuyini nokuthi uluhlobo luni idatha iqukethe

Le khodi uhlobo lokuhweba, okuvumela ukuhlonza izimpahla ngokufunda kwakhe idivayisi ekhethekile electronic. A ibhakhodi kuyinto isithombe ngesimo imivimbo nezinamba, okuyinto lisetshenziswa isembozo imikhiqizo equkethe ulwazi lemininingwane mayelana nokuthi wakhe. Ukuze uthole it, udinga ukuqopha izinhlamvu okuhambisanayo. Njengomthetho, bona nantathu noma eziyisishiyagalombili (izinketho ezivamile ezweni lakithi) kukhona.

Ikhodi Bar izinombolo ezingu-13 ngokuthi Ean-13 futhi libhekisela European Article sezinombolo Association. Kwezinye izimo, ikhodi ehlanganisa kwamadijithi 8, Ean-8. It isetshenziswa isembozo usayizi encane. Kukhona futhi izinhlelo esephepheni zokuhlala kanye yokukhokha amadokhumenti, nayo iyahambisana Ean.

Yiluphi ulwazi athwala ikhodi ibha? Hlola engasebenza ngekhodi e izinombolo kanye nolwazi mayelana bands:

• Izwe lapho Ikhodi ibhange idatha;
• ezweni lendabuko kwezimpahla;
• umkhiqizo;
• Isilawuli Inombolo (ngaphezulu ngalolo ngezansi).

Indlela ukukwenza? Ake sibone.

Yembula Izimfihlo ikhodi bar

Ukufaka ikhodi nezinhlamvu zamagama nezinombolo Kwenziwa ngokukhanya and bands emnyama ububanzi ezahlukene, kushintshana nomunye, - imigoqo kanye izikhala. Iyunithi ivunyelwe module ibha ububanzi - 0.33 mm (bar encane noma isikhala). amamojuli Eziyisikhombisa, eziqoqiwe imivimbo ezimbili nezikhala ezimbili ukuze encode olulodwa idijithi ibhakhodi. Ububanzi ngamunye wabo angaba yehlukile lungene amamojuli ezintathu. Ngokwesibonelo: inombolo "4" izovela njengoba ekulandelaneni ifomu "1011100". Ngokufanayo, uphawu ikhodi ngamunye umelwe. Mayelana yini lezi zinombolo ukuthini?

1. Idijithi yokuqala (ezimbili noma ezintathu) eziqukethe ulwazi mayelana yezwe azalelwa izimpahla. Kwamanye amazwe kuyinto inhlanganisela ezahlukeneyo eziningana izinombolo (ngenxa ngezinga elikhulu) ezakha ibhakhodi. Hlola kubo ngenxa esimweni esithile kungaba kuzinkomba ekhethekile noma izinsiza eziningi online. Ukuze Russia, kuvela 460 kuya 469, China - 690, e-UK - 50, Germany - kuka-400 no-440, nokunye ..
2. Izibalo ezilandelayo (ezinhlanu) ukhombe inkampani ethize, emphahleni. Le khodi inikezwe igunya wezwe lapho inhlangano fanele.
3. Okulandelayo (futhi ezinhlanu) - idijithi ikhodi lezimpahla ukuthi ichaza kubo noma ibhizinisi-umkhiqizi noma umthengisi ngesimo inombolo yokubhalisa ngaphakathi enhlanganweni. Yini Ingafihleka kulezi izibalo? Hlola ibhakhodi umkhiqizo kungaba lemininingwane efana negama, ubukhulu nesisindo, umbala grade kanye neminye imininingwane ethize.
4. Idijithi yokugcina ikhodi - inombolo control. Kuyadingeka ukuba ufunde isithwebuli ulwazi oluqukethwe ikhodi bar. Lesi sibalo ubalwa kusetshenziswa algorithm ekhethekile, esizokucabangela ngezansi.

Ibhakhodi idijithi isheke: indlela ukucacisa

Hlola ikhodi ibha ubuqiniso yokugcina kungenziwa ebalulwe onethonya. Indlela ukukwenza? Kuyadingeka ukwenza iimbalo ngokuvumelana algorithm ezilandelayo:

1. sibalo ngamunye, ngaphandle zokugcina, isethwe ku-1 kuya 12 ukuze.
2. Lezi zibalo ngakusihlwa izindawo (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 no-12-I), eyakhiwa, futhi ukubaluleka nomphumela iyanda yi 3.
3. amadijithi Labhalwa elise izikhundla lingalingani (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 no 11-I).
4. Imiphumela amaphuzu wesibili nowesithathu kanye baqamba ingoma. Isibalo ematfuba Izinombolo ezimbili noma ezintathu.
5. Ngezinye ukubaluleka kokugcina kokushiya idijithi yokugcina kuphela. It is sisuswe eziyishumi.

Umehluko okuholela kuyoba idijithi isheke, ikhodi lokugcina ibha. Hlola ukuba yiqiniso kwalesi algorithm, ungakwazi ngumnikazi, ukuthatha izinombolo ikhodi kunoma iyiphi iyatholakala ku umkhiqizo wakho kalula.

Inkantini nezikhala

Imininingwane Kwenziwa hhayi kuphela izinombolo, kodwa lithinta izikhala, kanye ebubanzini nasekujuleni kwazo, inhlanganisela phakathi kwazo. Usayizi Emile YaseMelika Ean-13 kuyinto 31,35 mm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emhlabeni ikhodi ibha kufanele kube isikhala khulula, okwandisa ububanzi bayo ngokulinganisa of afinyelela ku 37,29 mm. Okunye okufakiwe inkomba isiqalo nesiphetho zithwetshulwa - side kanye emaphethelweni imivimbo ikhodi. Esikhathini bands kakhulu efanayo izinombolo ngekhodi ibonakale ikhodi ibha izimpahla. Mayelana nendlela okubhalwe, njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla.

Ihlola ibhakhodi: kanjani futhi kungani

Wonke umuntu ufuna ukuthenga izimpahla kwangempela, hhayi okuhle (noma ezimbi) elinegazi okucashile. Akunakwenzeka ukunquma ngokubona njalo, okokuqala noma ikhophi. Isikhathi esining impela lezi zinkinga zenzeka lapho uthenga izingubo brand. Kulesi simo, ungabheka ezweni lendabuko ikhodi ibha futhi uthole ulwazi ngemvelaphi izimpahla kweqiniso. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, zikhona izinkonzo ekhethekile inthanethi. Faka amadijithi okuhambisanayo iwindi idatha, uzofunda lapho egcotshwa ngubani imikhiqizo zenziwa nge ibhakhodi ethize. Ngokuvamile ku ilebula / tag umbhalo oqoshiwe anesithombe "Made in France" noma "Made in USA", kodwa eqinisweni into kuyinto evamile Chinese ezidayiswayo.

Imininingwane kungalingani Nokho kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe nezinye izimbangela:

• izimpahla ezenziwe osizayo elise kwelinye izwe;
• izimpahla ezikhiqizwa kwelinye izwe kodwa ngaphansi kwelayisense kwelinye izwe;
• abasunguli Inkampani kukhona izinkampani bhalisiwe e United ezahlukene;
• inkampani wathola ikhodi kuleli zwe, okuyinto wathumela emazweni angaphandle.

Kulezi zimo kubalulekile ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nomkhiqizi futhi izici umsebenzi wakhe. By the way, akunjalo kudala kwakukhona izicelo ezikhethekile Smartphones, ngokuvumela ukuhlola imikhiqizo ikhodi ibha esitolo, ukuze uthole ulwazi olugcwele ngazo ngaphandle kosizo.

yeposi ibha amakhodi

Lesi sici ayisekho eseyintsha kubantu abaningi, ngezikhathi ezithile iyala yini kuyi-Internet. Namuhla kungenzeka ukuhlola ibhakhodi iphasela futhi thola it uma isesendleleni. Le khodi (okuyinto inikezwe zonke izinto) ngesikhathi esifanayo imeyili isihlonzi esetshenziswa ukulandelela mail. Wangena izingcebo ekhethekile (inthanethi Russian Post noma amanye amasevisi "thematic") futhi inikeza ulwazi izinto eziyisisekelo leposi lidlule futhi isimo "elapheke" (kwakhiwa, wawangquzula, zilethwe) ekuphathweni, isisindo sayo, uhlobo nokunye.

Njengoba kukhona ezinye amaphasela umehluko ibhakhodi. Futhi aqukethe izinombolo ezingu-13 (eRussia - 14), kodwa abakuzuzile nezinye:

• 6 zokuqala amadijithi - ikhodi umamukeli;
• 7, 8 th amadijithi - ngenyanga Ukuhamba;
• 9-13 th amadijithi - inombolo iphasela;
• 14 - ukubaluleka inkomba.

Ngakho, ngokwazi ibhakhodi, ungahlola ukuthi iphasela lakho ukuthola ulwazi ngalo, uma endleleni.

isiphetho

Isithombe esetshenziswa isembozo kukhiqizwa futhi iyiphi lezimpahla salable ibizwa ngokuthi ikhodi bar. Hlola ngosizo ke unga ulwazi umkhiqizo, ngumkhiqizi wayo futhi ezweni lendabuko, kanye ukuhlonza ubuqiniso ulwazi olushiwo kwilebula / emaphaketheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, barcodes ekhethekile entengiso asetshenziselwa ukuhlonza kanye kokulandela kwezidingo isikhathi. Lesi sibaluli liyisici esibalulekile we ukuhlonza ezenzakalelayo kwezimpahla emhlabeni wonke.