Passenger esitimela TEP70: Ukucaciswa, design

Kolomna udizili esitimela yayiqala ukukhiqizwa udizili esitimela TEP70 e ngeminyaka yoma ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Ngaphambi kwalokho wasebenzisa nohlaka TEP60 eziyisisekelo ukuguqulwa. Buyekeza ngenxa okufunwa okwandisa amandla amaningi kanye nesivinini. Hlanganisa ngamakhasimende ekuthuthukiseni diesel ophephela ontanga, ukuhlola ngokudla kancane ezimbili ucezu ezihlukile, kodwa ukugcinwa yabo kanye nokusebenza wazibonakalisa ezingenanzuzo. Cabangela izici nezici zazo has TEP70 esitimela senzelwe tekutfutsa bagibeli, kanye ukulungiswa yalo.

Umlando sokudalwa

Ukuze tesakhiwo kanye nomklamo TEP70 esitimela ihlangabezana iqembu onjiniyela, eliholwa Yuri Khlebnikov. Umshini wokuqala Yakhiwa ehlobo lika-1973. Lokomotiv wathola inkomba 0001 version 0002 enziwa eminyakeni emibili elandelayo, 0003, 0004. A batch Isivivinyo izitimela yayihloselwe izindawo Belarusian Railways. Kube badlula ukuhlolwa nokusebenza. Ngo 1977-78 efika isizukulwane esilandelayo amakhanda olunezinombolo 0005, 0006, 0007.

Umzimba imoto ezenziwe ngensimbi ingxubevange futhi aluminium ingxubevange. Design Its - idayagonali truss esindayo hlobo. Ukugcizelela bezinhlamvu phezu kwekalishi ukusebenza nge pair of pendulum amabombo dampers emaphakathi ne polymer ikhoyili iziphethu nezintwa amasilinda amane ezinhlangothini. I ububanzi we isondo ngazimbili ukushushuluza useye waba ngaphezu kuneyokuqala, futhi kwaba 1220 amamilimitha angu kumbuthano.

design

Passenger esitimela TEP70 sihluke onobuhle owedlule izici design nezici ezintsha amandla iyunithi. It wehlukaniswa iziqephu amakhanda kubhekwe kule mikhakha elandelayo:

1. Prototype ngaphansi kophawu 0001-0007.
2. Ukukhiqizwa onobuhle (0008-0185). Bafika ime mpo timphawu ukukhanya riveted umzimba ngombala. Ekuqaleni, isiphephelo somoya is hhayi ifakwe web mpo, akhiwa izingxenye ezimbili ethe njo ndawonye. Ngemva uchungechunge wamashumi amathathu ukwakhiwa okunjalo kunqatshiwe, njengoba impi, enika ufa, ngalahlekelwa yobunzima.
3. Nokulungiswa ezilandelayo - 0186-0576. Lokhu izibani esitimela TEP70 ifakwe ovundlile kanye okuxubile kwakwakhe umzimba panel.

Ngaphambi chungechunge ku inombolo 300, amakhanda kubhekwe ayenendawo enethiwekhi intersectional ukuxhumana. Esikhathini esizayo, lezi Amayunithi sehlisiwe ngoba akusadingeki. Njengoba isibonelo sokugcina operation kungaholela ezisebenzayo umgibeli esitimela eSouthern sesitimela (umhlaba e Poltava esifundeni phakathi Kiev futhi laseKharkov). Kwakuhlangene ukuntuleka kukagesi hola ngaleso sikhathi.

izici design

umshini kubhekwe has a zifana kakhulu esasisandulele (TEP60). Esitimela ifakwe umzimba monocoque, iloli enama-asi emithathu Uhlaka asekelayo idrayivu. Leli lungiselelo samanje uhlobo "Alstom" uhlelo ehlanganisa umgodi eziyize okuyinto isandla aqoqa nge sokuphehla amandla, isabelo saso kwangaphakathi kuyoshaya ngokusebenzisa eksisi umbhangqwana isondo, amasondo ngokwabo futhi basebenzisane esebenzisa ngezintambo iraba nensimbi.

Jobe esitimela umshayeli kulolu chungechunge kufaka hlangana ukutjhejwa ukuhlolwa ukupholisa kudivayisi imibhangqwana abalandeli. Esitimela iyahluka kwenye onobuhle langaphambilini nokuba khona kagesi amandla ukudluliswa nonamandla powertrain udizili. Inama imivimbo ezimbili zokusebenza, inani elikhulu amasilinda kanye Lesisemkhatsini Ukupholisa uhlelo. amandla Engine anda ukuze ayizinkulungwane 4 amahhashi kanye nomklamo eziyisisekelo izakhi efana amakhanda 2TE-116 futhi TEM7.

Udizili iyunithi 5 kuya D-49 kuholela ukusebenza yebhangqa amafutha namanzi amaphampu. Basuke ihlukaniswe iluphu lokuqala nelesibili, futhi amayunithi ezengeziwe anemisila generator exciter yohlobo undiza. Transmission gqamisa ngokusebenzisa elihlangana nezimo futhi inkanyezi generator stator. okusebenzayo wesifunda voltage kuyinto volts 110, kushintshana ukulungiswa kwananoma zamanje wenziwa exciter adjustable. I-control unit izenzo njengenhlangano IOCTL (excitation iyunithi) aggregating ngengxenye Rotor.

Okunye

Umklamo we TEP70 esitimela inikeza khona AC voltage kudivayisi rectifier. Idivayisi eyenziwe diodes ixhumeke kuhambisana traction motors eziyisithupha. Voltage ihlinzekwa ngokusebenzisa trainsets contactors. Futhi, circuit amandla ifakwe reverser womoya ukuthi buthaka oxhumana nabo, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola izikhundla ezimbili ukunciphisa excitation.

TEP70 esitimela reverser uhlelo siqhutshwa umshayeli, kanye nezinye contactors ocushiwe esebenzisa uhlelo okuzenzakalelayo usebenzisa inguquko isinyathelo edluliselwe. Electronic excitation generator iyunithi ulawula traction ukungezwani umthwalo udizili iyunithi. Lena sibonga kungenzeka izinkomba exhasa ukuthi ukulandelela eziningi imingcele engeziwe.

izinhlelo ezengeziwe

Amayunithi asizayo zihlanganisa ukufakwa emaphakathi air compressor inhlangano, umbhangqwana esiqandisini abalandeli. Uhlelo ukupholisa ihlanganisa bendiza Axial ifakwe Umhlahlandlela esinqunyiwe uhlobo vane and ukugeleza straightener izakhi. Uhlelo inikeza emoyeni eziyisithupha traction izinjini. Motor-compressor uhlobo PC 5.25 C has a ijubane ukujikeleza 1450 ngomzuzu, ogibele analogue TGM-6 TEM7 futhi DS-1. Emshinini kubhekwe yona ifakwe i drive kagesi.

Amandla motor kudluliselwa ukuziqalela-generator ukuthi unesikhathi voltage ngokulinganisa of 110 V. Le amanzi ohlelweni opholile ovela nokuwela cooler ne fan. ukufakwa Propeller ijikelezwe ngu motor wokubacindezela ne amasilinda ayisishiyagalolunye. Zidla amafutha viscosity ongaphakeme, ehlinzekwa wumnikezeli kwengcindezi of 220 kg / sq. cm. izimo edingekayo zidalwe isenzo ngababili of amaphampu wokubacindezela. Lokhu design kucishe uhlelo TEP60.

Incazelo yomsebenzi

Udizili-kagesi TEP70 gumbi ifakwe, okuyinto ihlukile kakhulu kusuka eyandulela abanikeze asebenza nabo. Hand ukubopha esisogwini kususwa udonga lwangemuva, okuvumela kude egcwele ukuhlomisa itafula kokuba kwelivi esikhethekile ibhokisi ukufakwa obala. phambi ngemishini isilawuli nge amasondo ayo ngokuqondile. Lokhu kuvumela ukusebenza ezimbili ngesandla.

Esitimela injini igumbi ngempela ivulekile, kuba ikhamera zokuqala ephezulu gumbi, kanye VU, VV, CRV, udizili isitshalo futhi traction generator. On the ngemuva injini diesel inikeza ukufakwa amaphampu womoya kanye isinyathelo wokubacindezela.

Esiqandisini kudivayisi kuhlanganisa injini compressor, izakhi uwoyela zokuhlunga, i-ejenti yesivini, futha for uzotshala amafutha. Ngo kokuhlinzwa, umoya ukusivumela uhlelo ngokusebenzisa injini diesel enikeziwe in the engxenyeni engenhla amakhethini cab. It is fed nge cassette anezikhala, ingxenye engezansi okuyinto ujule emsebenzini othile okugeza uwoyela, futhi phezu main komoya. ukusebenza Lungile kwamaseli ihlinzeka inhlangano womoya, ukushintsha engela by 45 degrees kwelinye ithuba. Lapho uhlelo compressor motor kwabangela ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Izici TEP70 esitimela

Lokhu okulandelayo nemingcele eziyisisekelo we plan lobuchwepheshe:

• Qedela lomgwaqo isisindo - amathani 135.
• Rheostatic amandla ukubopha - 3200 kW.
• umthwalo Axial phezu komzila - 21 m.
• Ubude - 21,7 m.
• Udizili esitimela TEP70 - 2A-5D-49 4 amandla izinkulungwane amahhashi ne yokudlulisela kagesi variably-DC.
• amandla Tractive uma usuka endaweni - 280 kN.
• Speed - 50 km / h.
• usayizi Wheel - 1.22 m ububanzi.
• Iphuzu jikelele ngesivinini 120 km / h - 68 kN (17,000 kg).

ukulungiswa

Kolomna udizili esitimela ifektri ekhiqizwa ukuhlukahluka eziningana eziphambili abhekwa esitimela. Phakathi kwabo: TEP70 futhi TEP70BS. Kusukela eziyisisekelo imodeli Imishini indlela ethuthukisiwe bodywork, imishini ukuhlola sekhompiyutha iyunithi, ukubeka imigqomo ngoba isihlabathi kanti ezinye izingxenye ezincane ingxenye.

70U kanye BS ihluke nomunye ngalolo isampuli yokugcina enikeziwe kagesi Ukushisa kwengoma. Isetshenziselwa ezindaweni ezithile, lapho kukhona transformers ekhethekile dimmable uvumele ukusebenzisa zamanje ezinkulu ngaphandle ezithinta nangokuvikela wesitimela amalunga omzimba.

Ngokusekelwe yizimpahla esungulwe TEP70 Analogue 2TE70. Inama a pair of izigaba enama-asi eziyisithupha. Zonke izingxenye ezinkulu bamunye ngenguqulo umgibeli. Inhloso esemqoka - ukuhambisa yizimpahla izitimela nesisindo esingamathani ayizinkulungwane 60. Isisindo TEP70 esitimela kule ukusebenza kabili kwesilinganiso ukuthi ine Simplex version. Isethulo esitimela salolu chungechunge senzeka ngo-July 2004. Yena ngempumelelo lidlule lonke uvivinyo. 12 amakhophi waleli isiqondiso senziwe 2010.

ukuxhashazwa

amakhanda Kubhekwe zikhona cishe yonke Ezigabeni Railways Russian, kanye edepho emazweni angomakhelwane. Umkhiqizi kusuka 1973 kuya 1985 ekhiqizwa mayelana ezintathu kweshumi amakhanda yalolu hlobo. imishini Active ukukhululwa esezinzile 1985. Kuze 2006, amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-570 bavela elihambayo.

Ukusebenza umshayeli esitimela i ukuguqulwa ngcono kakhulu lula futhi ubuhle ngokusebenzisa ukubekwa ayeveza we ukubopha nokulawula amadivaysi. Ukungazinzi inkinga kubangelwe nezinkinga zomnotho kukagesi sites kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, bhala-offs imifanekiso akusebenzi emenza ukwanda ukukhiqizwa TEP70.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Imoto yokuqala ukukhiqiza kufika e Tashkent, kanye ngo-Okthoba futhi South w / e. ushintsho Okwamanje, lezi amakhanda ngemva okuphindiwe nendawo yokuhlala usebenze ngokugcwele Poltava, Romney isisekelo futhi Lozovoy (JZ). Ikhophi endala kuyinto ugadwe edolobheni Elec.

izinguqulo ebuyekeziwe esitimela nazo zasakazwa kuzo eRussia kanye CIS amazwe. Ukushintsha eyandulela is phansi ezinye zezizathu. Okokuqala, i-esitimela TEP70 ibhethri has a ukukhuthazela okukhulu. Okwesibili, udizili isitshalo isibe ezinamandla kakhudlwana futhi ukhiqize ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubukeka kwangaphandle kanye yangaphakathi isibe ezikhangayo okuningi.

Ezinye amakhanda bahlinza nojantshi Lithuania sika. Ukulungiswa 0264 futhi 0186 kwaphulwa kule ngozi eduze Tambov (2009). umshini Kubhekwe ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa e-Ukraine, eBelarus, e-Uzbekistan.

Ukusebenza kohlelo fuel

Ukulungisa izitimela TEP70 uchungechunge ivamile udizili isitshalo. Umsebenzi waso ukuthola uphethiloli ithangi uphethiloli ngumuntu tube ekhethekile ngokusebenzisa lemifanekiso indawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futha fuel futhi enikeziwe sidlula lemifanekiso isici ku ngalendoda Hepa fuel amaphampu zalesi sihlahla amandla. Khona-ke, ingxube kwaba futha fed kuya Imibhobho esemzimbeni. Ukuze operation efanele node udizili ithangi lokushisa kufanele kube ezingeqile kwezingama-30 degrees Celsius.

Ukuqinisekisa iyunithi ukusebenza kahle, inikeza kwegazi kakhulu fuel, okuvumela umthamo enkulu uketshezi sisusa. asalile fuel lenhlanganisela e-heater ekhethekile, bese ku ethangini. Iningi ingxube ukusebenza is kusifudumeza ngokusebenzisa design amacebo afanayo.

Model TEP70 BS futhi TEP70-U

Igama elithi incwadi enikezwa esitimela yokudumisa Hero of Socialist Labour Boris Salambekova. Ngu 2015, 281 esitimela wadedelwa kulesi sigaba. Ngo-2004, imoto wanikwa Inkomba TEP70-BS-001. Le ndlela sibhaliswe PM-14 Okthoba w / e. ukuhlolwa kwakhe Kwakuseshwa hhayi kuphela ngamunye, kodwa futhi njengengxenye ngesivinini izitimela "Sapsan". Ngo-2010, imodeli zisasetshenziswa, lisuselwe Gatchina, futhi ukhonza njengephayona inqolobane izingxenye ezisele for amakhophi asekhona. It is kuhlelwe ukuba yokukhansela olwengeziwe.

Amakhanda uthayiphe TEP70-U ekhishwe izingcezu 26 (kusukela ngomhla ka-2011). Zonke imishini zibhaliswe Northern sesitimela (edepho Voinovka, TCE-7). Model ngaphansi inombolo 014 empini ngemva komlilo ezenzeka kuleli gumbi engangikulo udizili (2007). Khona-ke esitimela ukuthi lulungiswe futhi ayephindela lokuhlala.

Ukulungisa izitimela

Esikhathini post-ukulungisa amakhanda kubhekwe ekhiqizwa at Izigayo eziningana:

• Ukulungisa isitshalo Poltava.
• Esitimela Imisebenzi Dauvgalpilsse.
• Ussuriysk endaweni yokukhanda.
• Voronezh ezikhethekile isitshalo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esitimela litholé inani izidlaliso yasekuqaleni. Phakathi kwabo:

• "Sneakers".
• "Sarcophagus" (ngenxa izici of isakhiwo ophahleni).
• "Onesifumbu" (ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo).
• "Brick."
• "Coffin" futhi "Besik".

Mayelana nokuthumela

TEP70 esitimela ezinguqulweni ezahlukene elinikelwe SMNG zwe. Ngokwesibonelo, e Belarus ebekiwe amayunithi 26 Uzbekistan Railways uthenge imishini 10. ELithuania 2006 wathenga 4 amakhophi. Kukhona lezi amakhanda e-Ukraine.

Iningi ekhiqizwa udizili amakhanda wasebenza insimu yase Russia. Kulesi esitimela uyakwazi lisetshenziswe noma iyiphi izifunda sezulu, okwenza ethandwa aminingi ukudlula TEC-60. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mshini isibe aesthetically kangcono, namandla kakhulu futhi kuwusizo kakhudlwana.

yi

TEP70 esitimela - nomele njengabawufanelekele yasekhaya udizili imishini esetshenziswa ujantshi. Ububanzi kuhlanganisa kokubili umgibeli ezihlukile, futhi zaba namandla kakhulu amaloli nozakwabo. Okwesikhathi yayo, esitimela kwaduma hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa emazweni CIS. Ngesikhathi esifanayo iqhubeka ingasetshenziswa kuze kube manje, yize esegugile yayo.