Umsebenzi zokukhiqiza

Ukukhiqizwa umsebenzi - sivezwe esebenzisa imodeli kwezomnotho kanye nezibalo ukwencika inani izimpahla ezikhiqizwa kusukela izici ohambelana sokukhiqiza ngalo senziwa. Ake sihlole lokhu umqondo kabanzi.

Ukukhiqizwa umsebenzi njalo unohlobo oluthile, njengoba yakhelwe ubuchwepheshe ethize. Ukwethulwa ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kuhilelani ushintsho noma ukudala uhlobo olusha nokulutheka.

Lokhu umsebenzi isetshenziswa ukuthola elilungile (okungenani) inani izindleko, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze ukukhiqizwa ethile izimpahla. Ukuze yonke imisebenzi zokukhiqiza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo ukukhiqizwa abakubonisayo, libhekene izakhiwo ezinjalo ezivamile:

• ukukhula ivolumu bezimpahla ezikhiqiziwe ngenxa isici esisodwa kuphela (isisetshenziswa) inomkhawulo ezilinganiselwe (ekamelweni elilodwa ongasebenza ngokuvamile kuphela inombolo ethile abasebenzi, njengoba isikhala kukhawulwe endaweni);

• izici zokukhiqiza kungenziwa ezazijikeleziswa (ezishintshayo yenqubo ukukhiqizwa) futhi aphelele (izisebenzi namathuluzi).

Ngendlela jikelele kakhulu umsebenzi zokukhiqiza simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

Q = f (K, L, M, T, N), lapho ifomula

Q - Inani izimpahla ezikhiqizwa;

K - imishini (capital);

M - izindleko zokwakha kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa;

T - ubuchwepheshe esetshenziswa;

N - ikhono ebhizinisi.

Izinhlobo imisebenzi zokukhiqiza

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalesi ubuhlobo, okuyinto acabangele umphumela kokubili eziningana izici ezibaluleke kakhulu. Nokho, eyaziwa kakhulu izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza umsebenzi: imodeli kwezici ezimbili yefomu Q = f (L; K) kanye Cobb-Douglas.

imodeli Two-factor Q = f (L; K)

Le modeli uyazicabangela ukwencika okukhipha (Q) ka zabasebenzi (L) kanye capital (L). Kaningi, sokuba ukuhlaziywa le imodeli isebenzisa iqembu isoquants. Isoquant - it is a ijika exhumanisa zonke inhlanganisela kunokwenzeka ngokuya yezici zokukhiqiza, ngokuvumela ukukhiqiza kube nemali ethile kwezimpahla. I-X-axis ngokuvamile ayegubha zabasebenzi, futhi-Y-axis - capital. Kugrafu efanayo zibonisa isoquants eziningana, ngayinye elihambisana ivolumu ezithile umkhiqizo uma usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ethile. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ibalazwe isoquants nge amanani angalingani emphahleni. Yena uyobe umsebenzi ukukhiqizwa for the ibhizinisi.

Ukuze isoquants libhekene Izakhiwo ezilandelayo jikelele:

• le eminye ijika kusukela imvelaphi, aba maningi ivolumu zokukhiqiza;

• isoquant ngilugweda kanye umbono phansi ngenxa yokuthi ngokuthi ukuncipha ukusetshenziswa dolobha nge volume okusimeme emphahleni kubangela ukukhula zabasebenzi;

• ngilugweda ukuma ijika isoquant incike esiphezulu izinga avumelekile inqubo esikhundleni (inani capital ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni eyodwa eyengeziwe yomsebenzi).

Cobb-Douglas umsebenzi

Lokhu umsebenzi zokukhiqiza is ogama lakhe behlonipha amaphayona amabili American, lapho umthamo isamba okukhipha Y luncike imithombo esetshenziswa ku inqubo ukukhiqizwa, ezifana zabasebenzi L kanye capital ifomula K. zayo:

Y = AKαLβ,

lapho α futhi b - iyona njalo (α> 0 no b> 0);

K and L - ngokulandelana dolobha kanye nabasebenzi.

Uma isamba constants α futhi b ilingana eyodwa, bese kucatshangwa ukuthi umsebenzi onjalo likhona njalo ubuyela sikala ukukhiqizwa. Uma nemingcele K and L ziziningi ngumuntu Coefficient ke Y futhi kufanele siphindwe isici esifanayo.

Cobb-Douglas imodeli kungenzeka ukuthi afake isicelo zemboni ngabanye. Kulokhu α - lokhu ingxenye yawo wonke izindleko Imininingwane kwandziswa enhlokodolobha futhi β - ingxenyenamba emsebenzini ngihamba ngendlela. Cobb Douglas imodeli ingase futhi siqukethe eziguquguqukayo engaphezu kwemibili. Ngokwesibonelo, uma N - iyona umhlaba, umsebenzi ukukhiqiza kuthatha Y ifomu = AKαLβNγ, lapho γ - njalo (γ> 0), kanye α + β + γ = 1.