Ngokhuni zikagesi: ukukhiqizwa, isisindo, ukuqina, imithetho ukufakwa

Ukusetshenziswa izinkuni impahla e ilungiselelo ingqalasizinda zokuxhumana usuthela ngezindlela eziningi. Kuyinto ongaphakeme intengo yezinto ezisemqoka e lokhu kukhetha abasebenzisi eziningi. izinsika eshibhile ngokwabo azibizi futhi ukusebenza ezidinga utshalomali esincane noma abangenaso nhlobo yesondlo. Le isixazululo kusiza ukusebenza kanye namandla zikagesi (PTL) ezimweni ezinzima sezulu. impahla yemvelo umelana nesithwathwa, futhi umoya esindayo, kanye ayenzi konakalisa ngu umswakama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ugodo isekela ukudluliswa umugqa futhi Ziningi nemiphumela ethile engathandeki, okuyizinto ingxenye enkulu nesizotha ngokwesahluko kwamandla. Noma kunjalo, zikhona izinhlangano eziningi ehilelekile nokugcinwa izinhlelo kagesi, okuyinto sincika lokhu nje uhlobo ukwesekwa.

Ilungiselela ukhuni zokusetshenziswa for izigxobo

Njengoba isizathu zezinsika usekela imigqa yokudlulisela, akhethiwe afanayo okuqinile ogxile softwood. Ngokuvamile, ngenxa amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye ukumelana amathonya zangaphandle nezidingo ezifana ukukhetha kaphayini. Ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa futhi larch izingodo. Kungakhathaliseki zilwane akhethiwe, preform ngamunye ngaphansi ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela olokubhujiswa isikhunta nezinambuzane. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe alandelayo elikhulu nemingcele lobuchwepheshe nokusebenza. Kuye ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa okuzoba lokhuni futhi yesekela ukudluliswa kwe umugqa preprocessing ukusebenza isizinda ingase ihlanganise uyaxebuka futhi debarking. Esebenzisa imishini ekhethekile amalogi okwenziwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ungqimba phezulu isuswe ukuqhubekisela phambili ke akuvimbeli Ukungena impregnation zokuzivikela.

isekela yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe

The main zokukhiqiza isigaba inkomba imishayo namanje kuhlanganisa eziningi inqubo machining ukwakha apertures nge ukuvuleka. imikhawulo ovundlile evikelwe nge ayinhlama ekhethekile at the stage of ngcono eziyisisekelo. Uma kudingeka, ukulungiswa Zaruba etholakalayo, spalling kanye namantombazane - luqedwe uma nje ukujula akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-10% we ubukhulu preform. Ukuze athobele ngokunemba ngesikhathi machining ukukhiqizwa lokhuni amandla umugqa izingongolo kwezinye izitshalo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa izifanekiso ekhethekile. Ngokusho kwakhe, isibonelo, ukuqhathanisa kwemigomo namantombazane kanye Nicks.

Ngaphezu kwalokho omiswe isinyathelo kuqala, okuyinto ulungisa lezigodo impregnation. Ngokusho amazinga, izindlela zokuzivikela singasetshenziswa kuphela ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi nomswakama we afanayo is hhayi ningi than 28%. izingodo Debarked omile amagumbi ekhethekile ezishisayo, okuyinto kuhluke mklamo ongavamile. Iqiniso lokuthi amayunithi enjalo umoya oshisayo ukugeleza is hhayi sibhekiswe workpiece, futhi aluka nxazonke. Ngakho-ke akuvumelekile ngokuhlaziya futhi okweqile material.

impregnation of izisekelo

Ukusebenzisa impregnation ekhethekile ihlose ukuvikela ukhuni ngokumelene bola, isakhiwo ukubhujiswa kanye nokulahlekelwa jikelele izakhiwo ukusebenza ukulawulwa amathonya zangaphandle. Ikakhulu, i-compounds zokuzivikela ukuvikela lokhuni zikagesi ngokumelene isikhunta, izinambuzane kanye nokuthuthukiswa isikhutha ukugqwala. Ukuvikelwa enjalo, isibonelo, inikeza amanzi-encibilikayo ekwakhiweni isinqandakuvunda umndeni PAS. Leli thuluzi likwazi ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu nokuphepha kwemvelo, okuyinto kwayenza yaba enye yezindawo lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu surface ukwelashwa.

Esikhathini sokuqala, ngemva isicelo, kwakheka cleaner is ngendlela okukhuthaza ukususwa ngokweqile umswakama ukhuni ikhule ezimbotsheni. Ngemva kwalokho yezingxenye asebenzayo sokuqanjwa encibilikayo kulo lonke isakhiwo isihlahla, yokugcizelela futhi yakha umgoqo zokuzivikela.

Ubukhulu nesisindo

Kunemikhakha eziningana ukwesekwa izinsika, okuyinto zisenza sibe umehluko osayizi. Ngokwesibonelo, ezingeni kokuqala - lena obuphelele ilogi 9.5 m, okuyinto abe ububanzi 160 mm. Sisindvo izikhala ezifana 200 kg. Kwalandela ukusekela amandla aphakathi, ongafinyelela a ubude 11 m, banayo ububanzi 210 mm, futhi isisindo - 300 kg. Isakhiwo enamandla kakhulu ngokuya ikhono lokwenza umsebenzi ngokomzimba kwenza ukuba kwakhiwe zikagesi sokhuni, nesisindo 400 kg. Ubude kuyafana ukuthi esimweni amandla i-medium ehambisana izinsika, -. 11 m ububanzi Kodwa ukusekelwa okunjalo luyanda 240 mm.

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo

Kuye umjikelezo wokuphila ubuchwepheshe ngokwesilinganiso ziyahlukahluka kusuka eminyakeni 10 kuya ku-20. Yilokho kanye ephasishi Ngokwesilinganiso, ngoba kukhona izingodo ukuphila ukusebenza esingeqile eminyakeni 5, kanye ephezulu amandla design, ekulondolozeni izindawo yasekuqaleni futhi eminyakeni engu-50. Njengomthetho, sewaranti yesevisi ukudluliswa umugqa izigxobo ngokhuni ingeqi iminyaka engu-10. Ekusebenteni, iningi amakholomu evamile yalolu hlobo asetshenziselwa iminyaka 5-7. isikhathi esifushane okunjalo kubangelwa ukuntula yesondlo efanele into, noma yokuthi ngesikhathi enza alisetshenziswa impregnation ekhethekile. By the way, kuncike izici yokusebenza izindlela zokuzivikela isikhathi nokusekela ingase ihlale iminyaka 4-6. izidakamizwa Modern zisesikhathini iminyaka engu-15. Nokho, ukuthi okuningi kuncike endleleni ukubunjwa ukucutshungulwa nqubo iye yabizwa kwenziwe ngendlela efanele.

ukulawula izinga

Ngo inqubo yokukhiqiza ukusekelwa idlule izigaba eziningana ukulawula izinga. Eyokuqala ihlinzeka isici inhlolovo kwamandla imigqa esizayo ngokunemba weJiyomethri. Ngemva kwalokho, workpiece ithunyelwa omiswe. Ngaphambi impregnation nto lwahlolwa ukuze umswakama quotient, okuyinto kumele singeqi 28%. Ngaphezu kwalokho inikeza imisebenzi yokuqinisekisa control, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho izici zinqunywa-ejenti zokuzivikela, ukuthi iphatha lokhuni ezintanjeni zikagesi. Regulations zidinga ukufakwa endaweni ukufakwa impahla zilethwe ngokufanele elifakwe isakhiwo. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi simo bocwepheshe esikalini impregnation ukujula isitifiketi izinga okuhambisanayo elakhiwe okusekelwe imiphumela ukuhlaziywa.

inhlangano armature

Ngo inqubo imisebenzi inhlangano wenziwa obusebenzayo imishini zokuboshelwa ukwesekwa ukuthi kuyodingeka uma yokuxhuma umugqa amandla. imisebenzi ukufakwa ukubulawa uhlelo ngokuvamile kuhilela wokugubha izindawo izingwegwe indawo, ukudala imigodi izingwegwe futhi ukufakwa ngokushesha nokufakwa nge insulators. ukubeka izingwegwe iphuzu ibhalwe usebenzisa ithempulethi okungase kwenziwe kusuka ucezu elingunxande aluminiyamu isondo. Njengoba ojwayelekile, ukufakwa yokudlulisela imigqa izisekelo lokhuni ne imishini kwenziwe imishini ekhethekile futhi le mboni. Linikeza ukunemba okuphezulu kanye quality kuyavumelana. Nokho, nalapho bethutha isakhiwo ababebuthene seyonakele, ngakho ukucutshungulwa workpiece nge imisebenzi obandayo ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwe ngqo kusayithi ukufakwa. Kulokhu, ibhethri eziqhutshwa ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela umsebenzi sokuprakthiza.

imishini ukufakwa

Ngokuvamile, ukufakwa wenziwa nokusetshenziswa imishini imishini-crane. Kuphela kwezinye izimo, lapho esebenza design ezisindayo noma jikelele sihlinzekela ukubandakanywa ugandaganda Cranes. On-site yokufaka ngokuyinhloko ezakhiwe emgodini kulo okuthunyelwe azosethwa. Kumele kahle ohlangene cwenga bayigubungele nge insulators ezikhethekile uma kudingeka. Okulandelayo ezenziwe ngokuqondile faka izinhlelo lokhuni kusekela ukudluliswa line nge art. Ukusebenza Izidumbu crane noma imishini futhi umshini crane irekhodi okulungiselelwe okuthunyelwe, bese ukuhambisa it egodini. Kodwa lokhu kubhekisela ezisekelweni engasindi, obude ingeqi m 10 izingodo Heavy ezifakiwe e imisele ne aduduze ukhonkolo -. A uhlobo isisekelo, okwakwenza mechanical kokungathembeki ikholomu.

abakhiqizi kusekela

ERussia, abantu abaningi imikhiqizo evezwe kule fomu izesekeli okudlekayo emigqeni amandla. Omunye abameleli ehola lokhu niche kuyinto "Kotelnich isitshalo machtopropitochny." Le nkampani iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 nakho izinga yokukhiqiza izinsika sokhuni inguquko yimpumelelo ekukhiqizeni zobuchwepheshe ezenzakalelayo imikhiqizo kule minyaka yamuva. Nokho, amandla we-update kuthatha abakhiqizi abaningi amandla ukudluliswa umugqa izigxobo ngokhuni eRussia, phakathi okuyinto ukuhluka endaweni, abe ibhizinisi "OSMK" futhi "ProfTreyd". Uma umenzi yokuqala okukhulunywa ngamakhasimende ngokukhethekile ukukhiqiza izingongolo ke uhla yalezi zinkampani lungatholwa yokugcizelela izingxenye, ukwahlukanisa izinto futhi izakhi asizayo ngokukhethekile izici ezithile ezisekelweni.

Okuhlezi emqondweni izakhiwo zikakhonkolo esikhundleni

Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngokuya ukusebenza kunenzuzo ukusebenzisa kwagcizelela ukhonkolo izakhiwo. Ziyakwazi okunokwethenjelwa kuzo zonke nemingcele lobuchwepheshe, kodwa yebo, ibiza kakhulu. Futhi, ngokhuni zikagesi ngisho ukusebenza okuhamba phambili kungaba kuphela esondele izici kwagcizelela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo nge liphumelele. Le nto futhi enikeziwe high impregnation ngeke bakwazi ukukhonza kakhulu ngendlela isakhiwo ukhonkolo. Noma kunjalo, ongaphakeme esaphila izindleko inxephezelwa. esikhundleni njalo izingongolo nge isikhawu okungenani iminyaka 5 kahle ngaphakathi izilinganiso Izindleko ukusetshenziswa nozakwabo ukhonkolo.

isiphetho

izingongolo zokhuni, senzelwe inhlangano kwamandla, ukuqinisekisa ukubaluleka emvelo yokwakha. Ngisho amapulasitiki yesimanje esekelwe ingilazi fibre Awukwazi ukufaka lezo amakholomu. Yiqiniso, lokhu akusho ukuthi lokhuni zikagesi ziphumelela kangcono inhlanganisela ngokuya ukuqina kanye isivikelo imiphumela zangaphandle kokulimaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingilazi okufanayo ezihlukahlukene izici futhi ziphumelela kangcono izakhiwo zikakhonkolo. Kodwa uma sibheka izinto izimfanelo aggregate, izinkuni kuzosebenza kangcono. Kulula ukusingatha, ukukhiqiza, ukuletha kanye ukwenza inhlangano imisebenzi nalo.