Ngakho-ke, i-Russia - emlandweni waleli zwe ku isosha esihlatshelelwayo

izincwadi Russian owaziwa emphakathini jikelele njengoba omunye ecebile. Peru abalobi Russian basonta inqwaba imikhiqizo, usebenzisa abafundi abathanda emazweni ahlukahlukene, imisebenzi abalobi ezibekwe phezu esiteji bese uba ngesisekelo screenplays. Kodwa nge izinkondlo akuyona elula ngakho - ukudlulisela imizwa nemizwelo abalobi ngolunye ulimi akulula njengoba kubonakala efika kuqala. Kodwa ngisho kabusha cishe ngokuphelele izinkondlo (e ukuhunyushwa isosha esihlatshelelwayo ngokuvamile igcinwe umcondvo lobalulekile, futhi okunye wadala kusuka ekuqaleni) izimbongi Russian kukhona phakathi abalobi engcono. Siyini isizathu salokhu?

kwezidalwa

Ngokuvamile, asho ngokucacile ukuthi iyiphi ezikhathini ezithile kunzima kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa izinkondlo Russian. Kukhona Ubudala Golden, kukhona esiliva, bese kufika nenkathi yamaSoviet, kodwa akugcini imikhawulo enjalo esiqinile. izinkondlo Russian kanye izimbongi eshicilelwe ngaphambi ezincwadini wafika Pushkin futhi Lermontov, futhi wokugoqa zase-USSR, izosha azizivimbanga lokubhala. Kodwa ivesi ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengendlela uhlobo esihlukene ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye - kule nkathi uvukile inkanyezi zezinkondlo Russian.

Inkathi yokuchuma

Inkathi Yokuchuma iyona isiqongo zezinkondlo Russian mhlawumbe. Pushkin, Lermontov, Fet, Tiutchev - bona bonke wasebenza cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo.

izimbongi Russian kanye abalobi bokuqala Ungazama ngesandla sabo e-uhlobo classicism, owathatha kamuva sentimentalism futhi romanticism. Kuyinto ngenxa inhlanganisela yalezi izinhlobo sekukhona umbono mayelana falsity, le idealization we-Golden Age - abalobi obuzama ngibala ngokoqobo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi simo ishintshile, yena waqala waba ziyaphuma okwangempela ukuthi hhayi kuphela sinqatshiwe intuthuko ngaphambili yabo, kodwa futhi yabonisa zonke imikhuba emibi abantu kanye nezwe elalimzungezile. Kamuva wanezela a ukubhinqa - uhleko ngokusebenzisa izinyembezi phezu konke okwenzekayo eRussia ekupheleni yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye.

Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka. yobudala Isiliva

Inguquko kusuka othile wekhulu kwenye okwangempela kancane kancane athathelwe indawo omunye. Baqala ukuvela izincwadi ohlehlela emuva, ezigcwele izinkathazo, wesaba sezinguquko ezizayo. Okubi kakhulu of tembangave, inguquko nascent akakwazanga behluleka ukuze ajabulise abalobi emsebenzini wabo avele amanothi lokuqala izisusa yokushisekela izwe. izimbongi Russian baphendukele umlando ezweni labo, ezama ukubikezela izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo. Kodwa lapha wonke umuntu wayenza ke ngendlela yakhe: eyodwa kuya kwesobunxele e- okwangempela ezibucayi, ukuzama ukwenza isosha esihlatshelelwayo yakhe njengoba ecacile abantu, kuyilapho ezinye ziba kufihlwe ngemuva udonga imifuziselo, asesebenzisa allegories futhi puns kungabi sengathi sithi phakathi kwemigqa.

Nge inhlekelele kufanekisa, okuyinto wasebenza izimbongi ezifana block, Soloviev, izinhlobo ezintsha Acmeism okuxhunyanwa yonke imininingwane zomhlaba (Akhmatova, Gumilev, Mandelstam), kanye futurism, avukele izimiso umphakathi (Mayakovsky, Khlebnikov). Isiliva Ubudala kwezincwadi Russian lihlobene eduze izinguquko emphakathini, ukwenqaba isiko kanye ucwaningo nesibindi isosha esihlatshelelwayo.

Nenkathi yamaSoviet

Yingakho Russia besingalindele ukuthi inguquko nomphakathi, lapho bonke kanye ebesilokhu sikulindile, ziyoba nemiphumela. Njengoba sekunama-lo hulumeni omusha waqala wokulwa abalobi isizukulwane esedlule. Zonke abenqaba ukubhala oda iqembu ngaphansi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu, lenqwaba abalobi abanamakhono baphoqeleka ekudingisweni ucindezelwa yomphakathi. Imbangela eyinhloko izinkondlo post-wamavukelambuso iba ukukhazinyuliswa amaSoviet, le idealization zezwe elisha, kuyakhiwa, ngomqondo truest izwi, ku amathambo ubudala.

ezingokoqobo okusha kwaphoqa Futurism futhi Acmeism, anikele ngokuphelele okwangempela sezenhlalo. Esebohlile ubala ihlazo futhi embi: babebhekwa kube eziningi hhayi izimbongi onamakhono kakhulu, izincwadi isibe esithize kakhulu neziphuthumayo. Kodwa ulokhu into eyinhloko isithakazelo kumuntu njengomuntu ngamunye.

I post-yimpi isosha esihlatshelelwayo

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ufile phansi, wahlala a nightmare kumemori zabantu. Futhi izimbongi Russian ashaqe ngokulangazela phezu isihloko esisha, owendlala zonke iminyaka zanqwabelana phezu sokuba itholane phezulu ayecabanga futhi ezizwa ngayo. Kube sonke isendlalelo abalobi, ukusebenza kuphela uhlobo lempi ekhazimulisa abantu, etshela izindaba Frontline, uhlukanisa eziyigugu kakhulu. Kodwa kanye nabo wabhala, labo bazame ukungiphazamisa emizamweni abantu kusukela okukhulu. Ngo izinkondlo of Futurism ukubuyiselwa ukuza ucwaningo nge ifomu nkondlo, ne sigci. Bonke sixties ukusebenza ku ukusula inkumbulo impi esizwe esikhundleni imicabango yayo ukukhanya. Phakathi nale nkathi, ukusebenza izinkondlo Christmas, Voznesensky, Yevtushenko okuyinto yabajabulela bemsulwa futhi kalula.

Namuhla

izimbongi Modern Russia bayaqhubeka besebenzela ababengaphambi zabo. Babhala mayelana nezimo, futhi imihlaba ongaqondakali ephendukela prosody zakudala ukudlala uhlobo izinkondlo. Lapho zihlanganiswa e izinkondlo zakhe ayihambelani, okuyinto unikeza ithemba ukuqhubeka izinkondlo Russian.