Mikhailovsky Castle, isikhumbuzo kuPetru mina: incazelo, umlando kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Inganekwane ethile ithi lokhu castle wasendulo edwetshwe oda koMbusi uPawulu amagilavu Lokuqala umbala izintokazi 'okuqondene endlovukazini yakhe kuhle. Ngokusho kwenye legend, kuba inqaba ezingaqondakali, futhi kusolwa ebikezela ngokufa okudabukisayo zezimali zenkosi yayo. Abasebenzi enqabeni namuhla ukuthi kukhona eziningi engaqondakali kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngaphezu kwalokho kulesi sihloko sizobe bakutshele ukuthi ezinganekwaneni azungeze Mikhailovsky Castle. Isikhumbuzo kuPetru mina, omiyo phambi kwalo, ubuye isithakazelo esikhulu.

indaba

Lokhu inqaba, ubizwa nangokuthi Engineers, ngokuvumelana imibhalo kwekhulu le-18 yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Palace eSt Michael. Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-imidwebo lokuqala Engineers 'Castle enziwa ngesandla kaKesari uPawulu mina, Nokho, wayengakalitholi matasa kwesihlalo sobukhosi, futhi kwaba kuphela yinkosana. Iminyaka 12, necebo amaningi njengoba 13 ezahlukeneyo yokuhlala yabo esizayo, okuyinto kamuva yase yaziwa ngokuthi "Castle St kuMichael." Isikhumbuzo kuPetru Petersburg lakhiwa kuye, kodwa liveza umqondo ukhokho wakhe kwakungekaNkulunkulu uPawulu - Umbusi wokuqala Russia.

Kungani enqabeni laqanjwa ngokuthi i-St Michael?

Ngokusho yetinsita kanye isayithi lwesigodlo kwaba guardroom, futhi lapha ngobusuku obubodwa enye yamadoda ayethwala lokubuka lapha, kwaba kukaMikayeli. Ngemva enqabeni Yakhiwa, eduze kwebhuloho ku lekhethelo esifanekisweni sesosha encane okuhleliwe. Futhi bathi kaMichael lalibizwa ngenxa yokuthi isonto Arhangela Mihaila isendaweni insimu yalo. Futhi yaziwa, ayebhekwa njengengxenye ongumvikeli le Romanov lwamakhosi. Kodwa igama layo lwesibili, okungukuthi, ama-Engineers 'Castle, wayesemsebenzini 20s kwekhulu le-19, lapho-ke yadalwa ngesikhathi Main Engineering School kuwo. Njengoba kukhethwa esakhiweni, kunesinye legend. Uma kule ndawo efanayo wema esigodlweni ehlobo lika indodakazi kaPetru Elizabeth Yokuqala. Lokho-ke wazalwa uPawulu kuqala. Ngakho wayefuna ikhaya lakhe elisha yayakhiwe endaweni efanayo lapho engazalelwa kulo.

Ukuqala ukwakhiwa

Ngokushesha nje lapho uPawulu esihlalweni sobukhosi yasebukhosini, wayaleza ukuqala ukwakhiwa isigodlo amaphupho abo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1797. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho uMbusi yena wabeka isisekelo sesakhiwo, hhayi kuphela igolide, njengoba kwakuyinhlalayenza ngalezo zinsuku, kodwa wonke izitini ezenziwe lejaspi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala esakhiweni grand, umphumela elimiswe le Mikhailovsky Castle. Isikhumbuzo kuPetru Ngamiswa pchut ngaphambi kokuphothulwa yokuhlala. On ukwakhiwa enqabeni wasebenza izisebenzi zokwakha ezingaphezu kuka-6000. Basebenza ubusuku nemini, ukuze lesi sakhiwo kakade wakha ngokugcwele eminyakeni 4. Khona-ke kwaba ehlelekile kahle iphathi yasendlini-ukufudumala. UMbusi ngajabula ukuthi wayekwazi ukuzikhuthaza nokuqalisa uhlelo lwakhe lokufundisa abantu, futhi uzoqhubeka uphila enqabeni, ayengakaze yena uyinkosi. Nokho, esikhathini esingeside ezimiselwe ukujabulela induduzo ekhaya lakhe elisha: ncamashi 40 izinsuku emva Housewarming uPawulu mina wabulawa egumbini lakhe lokulala. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, okudabukisayo ukuthi umndeni wasebukhosini engafuni ukuhlala St Michael, futhi bashukumiseleka ukuba baphile esikhathini Winter Palace.

izici

Mikhailovsky Castle (isikhumbuzo kuPetru mina, kanye naye) - omunye ezikhumbuzo yasekuqaleni kakhulu yezakhiwo Petersburg. Akazange abe analogue. Uhluke kakhulu kuzo zonke ezinye zamakhosi enhlokodolobha enyakatho. Phela, it is kuhlelwe ukwakheka kanye uMbusi uPawulu, naye aphethwe isihloko Master of the Maltese. iphupho likaPawulu laliwukuthi ukuze babe enqabeni yaso baba esihlalweni ukuthola Knights saseMelitha. Yingakho ebheka more like a ephakathi lwasemaphusheni esigodlweni. Ngokwe-mbono eziphathelene noPawulu, endaweni esigodlweni kwadingeka imingcele yemvelo - Water Sink futhi Fontanka, iSonto futhi Voznesensky iziteshi. Kwavela ukuthi isigodlo njengoba kuyinto esiqhingini, engafinyelelwa by izwe amabhuloho.

Isiphetho edabukisayo enqabeni ngemva kokufa umnikazi

Ngemva kokuba uPawulu wabulawa, lokhu castle zikanokusho yawela labhidlika ngokuphelele. Kamuva, lapho umlandeli wakhe u-Alexander I ukudala isevisi okunethezeka ithebula esiliva kwakudingeka izinto zokusetshenziswa, yena luhlelwe aphele Amazing umnyango ubuhle bachachamba ukuthi babesonta esigodlweni. Futhi ngesikhathi sokubusa koMbusi Nicholas ngaba uhlobo castle liyinqolobane ukukhiqizwa zemabula ngoba abakhi esigodlweni ukwakha Hermitage entsha. Njengoba wazi, phakathi nekhulu le-19 Sanikwa kwisiKhulu Military School. Kodwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II esibhedlela samasosha yasungulwa lapha. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1994 Mikhailovsky Castle, isikhumbuzo kuPetru mina ku esigodlweni futhi endaweni yethempeli zafakwa ngaphansi Aegis we Russian Museum, ngakho kwaqala ukwakhiwa emikhulu kanye nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva ezaholela ekumiseni ekugubheni iminyaka engu-300th yenhloko-dolobha enyakatho. Ekugcineni, wathola ayebuthaka wangaphambili. Okwamanje, Castle kaMichael ingenye amagatsha Museum.

Isikhumbuzo kuPetru 1 phambi Mikhailovsky Castle

Ngonyaka owandulela kwaqedwa ukwakhiwa enqabeni Pawulu Okokuqala, ukuthi, ngo-1800, kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo Umbusi wokuqala Russian lamiswao phambi endaweni esigodlweni - Peter Omkhulu I. sported mazwi: "i-ukhokho we babazukulu." Umqondo ebaziwe kwakungekaNkulunkulu uPetru ngokwakhe. Futhi umlobi wayo kwaba Rastrelli okukhulu. By the way, lesikhumbuzo ukuze uPeter Omkhulu at Castle St Michael sika lesikhumbuzo lokuqala Equestrian e insimu yonke iRussia. Ngaphambi elalizokwakhiwa e esigcawini, wahlala "engaphansi" we Sasebusika iminyaka engaba ngu-50.

History of the lesikhumbuzo

Isikhathi ukundlula wokubusa kwakhe, uPeter Omkhulu, ne Ukubheka indlela nokwazi ukuthi yini izinto ezinkulu anenzele izwe lakhe, wanquma immortalize inkumbulo yakhe. Ngemva kokunqoba kwabo Battle of Poltava wahlela ukwakha kule sayithi itshe mbhoshongo nge umfanekiso siqu ekukhuleni egcwele, futhi ehhashini, okuyinto uzophonswa nangethusi. Nokho, isikhathi kwaba kunalokho esindayo isimo, futhi kwadingeka ukuba bahlehlise ukuqaliswa imibono yabo isikhathi esingenasiphelo. Ngo 1716, eSt kwafika umqophi omkhulu and umklami Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli. Wamenywa ukuba aye ukudala isikhumbuzo, uPeter Omkhulu. Kusasele iminyaka engaba mibili wasebenza lapho kuvezwa umfuziselo obumbeni nehhashi ngeziyikhulu lesikhumbuzo. Kodwa lokuphinda ikhophi esiqondile ubuso zombusi Rastrelli wakhumula ubuso bakhe buso usimende, afana Venetian abadumile. Phela, ne bayo (imaski) wadalwa waba usebenzisa waxy uPetru libanjwe. Njengoba isisu elilotshwe ukuthi lo mbusi elikhulu kwaba ukuba kwetshe lesikhumbuzo. Ukuze umsebenzi wakhe wathatha lonke iqembu aqukethe abasebenzi nabafundi Royal Academy of Paris. Umbhalo kwadingeka ukuba eziqhutshwa ngesiLatini. Yena ihlobise namuhla Isikhumbuzo kuKhefase phambi Mikhailovsky Palace.

isiqondiso esibalulekile

Grand uMbusi wakhuthazeka kakhulu iqiniso kangangokuba maduzane bazokwazi abhebhezela ngokwayo ukwakha Russian lesikhumbuzo lokuqala Equestrian. Uma wahambela workshop lapho Rastrelli wasebenza, wamnika abanye iseluleko esiwusizo kakhulu futhi kuyasebenziseka. Kwakuthinta e 1719, Omkhulu Northern impi izokuphela, Nombuso Russian wayebe winner kulo. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi isikhumbuzo entsha obekumele Ihlanganisa ngokunqoba Russia iyonke, nombusi waso. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, ngase ngikulungele model entsha wax we lesikhumbuzo. Abagxeki abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi lokhu lesikhumbuzo igcwele kakhulu imininingwane ehlukahlukene. Nokho, akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi kungokwalabo Inkathi Baroque, bokuthi okuyinto it has ukuthambekela ngokweqile okunethezeka.

incazelo

Ekuqaleni lesikhumbuzo ukuze uPeter Omkhulu at Castle St Michael ine uhlobo elandelayo. Kanye nehhashi elinamandla, lapho ihlala lo mbusi ukwazi. Ngesikhathi izinyawo Ihhashi inyoka - uphawu umona. Kamuva ihanjiswe Bronze wehhashi. Itshe lesikhumbuzo futhi lalinabashumayeli izinombolo eziyisithupha engokomfanekiso - izimfanelo, esifanekisweni iNeva, Cupid, indilinga eliwumhlaba. Phakathi nokuphila uPetru lesikhumbuzo wakhethwa kwenye indawo - elidala iSigele Square Vasilevsky Island. Peter bathandile abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye Rastrelli. Nokho, lesi sihloko akusho ugijimele waphonsa ngethusi.

New povort isiphetho

Ngemva kokufa uPetru 1725, eminyakeni engaba ngu-10 ubudala futhi owamlandela akazange bakhumbula lokhu ngezingane lesikhumbuzo. Phela, lo ophethe endaweni yomcebo isimo umsebenzi Rastrelli wathola kuphela 1734. Ukuze ngemva kwetshe lesikhumbuzo eminyakeni engaba ngu-7 yena elala izintuli esibayeni, kodwa lapho liqala ukubusa, indodakazi Elikhulu UMbusi Elizabeth, wanquma ukukhumbuza izikhonzi zakhe, onendodakazi kuyinto. Futhi ngo-1943 ngemiyalo yezikhulu esibayeni sakhe Ngafakwa isikhumbuzo kuPetru mina (Castle St Michael, phambi ngalo manje usethe, eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, lakhiwa). UMbusikazi wafuna ngilimise phambi Winter Palace. Nokho, ngimhlolile lesikhumbuzo, bafika esiphethweni ukuthi akasakuthandi ihlangabezana okuthandwa ezikhathini zanamuhla, futhi idinga ngaphambi kokuba siphothulwe. Ngokwemvelo, waphathiswa Bartolomeo ukuguga kakade. Ngenxa yalokho, lesikhumbuzo kuphela umfanekiso ukunqoba kombusi kungekho bas-imifanekiso kanye allegories. Rastrelli samjabulisa ingane yakhe, kodwa akazange ezimiselwe ukumbona esisekelweni. Njengoba wazi, kuphela 1800. uPawulu eqala kwaba lesikhumbuzo kuPetru I. Mikhailovsky Castle waba yokuhlala umzukulu Lokuqala Russian uMbusi ngonyaka ngemva kwalesi senzakalo.