Theatre of the okungenangqondo. Sesha injongo ekuphileni, noma ukulwa ne izimiso

Nasibuka ukusebenza kwezinye bemidlalo, ezifana Ezhena Ionesko, ungavala senzakalo lomkhuba emhlabeni art njengoba enkundleni yemidlalo yase-the okungenangqondo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini eyabangela ukuvela lo mkhuba, kubalulekile ukuba siphendukele umlando we-yalolucwaningo 50 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka.

Uyini yaseshashalazini of the okungenangqondo (idrama kungazwakali)

Ngo-50 okokuqala kwakukhona lokwentiwako, esiqintini lapho izilaleli wabonakala uyize leze ngokuphelele. The main nomqondo kudlala kwaba kuhlukaniswa yomuntu kusukela nethonya lomphakathi futhi ngokomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho ngesikhathi isinyathelo esiteji nabalingisi bakwazile ukuhlanganisa imiqondo engahambelani.

kudlala okusha idilizwe yonke imithetho umdlalo alimazanga igunya. Ngakho-ke, inselele wonke amasiko. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa waseshashalazini entsha, okuyinto ngandlela-thile inqatshelwe oda zezombangazwe nezenhlalo ekhona, baba enkundleni yemidlalo yase-the okungenangqondo. Lo mqondo yaqale esetshenziswa umhlaziyi yaseshashalazini Martin Esslin kuphela 1962. Kodwa abanye ababhali bemidlalo akazange avumelane lafana. Ngokwesibonelo, Ezhen Ionesko ahlinzekwa into entsha ebizwa nge "yaseshashalazini usulu."

Umlando Imithombo

Ngesikhathi impande ohlangothini olusha athile French futhi omunye umbhali Irish. Ukuthandwa enkulu bakwazi ukunqoba umbukeli Ezhen Ionesko futhi Semyuel Bekket. Nokufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni uhlobo njengoba kwenza Zhan Zhene, no-Arthur Adamov.

Theatre of umbono okungenangqondo lokuqala elafika Ionesco. Wemidlalo wazama ukufunda isiNgisi, usebenzisa emabhukwinitifundvo for cwaningo ngabanye. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho wabona eziningi we inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye isifaniselo ethile yencwadi incoherent ngokuphelele. Wabona ukuthi amazwi abavamile lurks eziningi engenangqondo ukuthi ngokuvamile kwenza ngisho amagama ezihlakaniphile ephezulu ukuzwakala endaweni akunanjongo nhlobo.

Nokho, ukusho ukuthi ohlangothini olusha ehilelekile kuphela bemidlalo eziningana isiFulentshi, bekungeke kube yisikhathi eside impela fair. Ngenxa engenangqondo yokuphila komuntu iyisikhathi esingakanani existentialists besathi. Ngokokuqala ngqá lesi sihloko yasungulwa ngokugcwele Camus, a elikhulu umsebenzi eyayintula F. KAFKA F. Dostoevsky. Nokho, ukubonakala bese kulethwa yesigameko yaseshashalazini okungenangqondo kuyinto Ionesco, futhi S. Beckett.

Izici yamabhayisikobho entsha

Njengoba sekushiwo, Umkhuba omusha e yaseshashalazini ubuciko inqatshelwe idrama classical. Izici ezivamile babé ejwayelekile ngaye:

- fi izakhi ukuthi ephila play nge ngokoqobo;

- ukubukeka izinhlobo okuxubile tragicomedy melodrama yamahlaya farce edabukisayo - elaqala esikhundleni 'okuhlanzekile';

- sebenzisa imikhiqizo izakhi obuvamile nobunye ubuciko (choir, mime, zomculo);

- njengoba kuqhathaniswa isenzo bendabuko ashukumisayo esiteji, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili ekwakhiweni classical, isiqondiso entsha static linqoba;

- omunye izinguquko ezinkulu ephawula enkundleni yemidlalo yase-the okungenangqondo, kuba izinhlamvu imikhiqizo emisha: umbono ukuthi uxhumana ne ngokwabo, ngoba abalingani ungalaleli futhi ungaphenduli Cue nomunye, futhi nje ahlabelele monologues zabo zibe ngingenelisekile kahle ngaphakathi.

izinhlobo engenangqondo

Iqiniso lokuthi ohlangothini olusha yaseshashalazini kwadingeka abasunguli eziningana, iyachaza division kungazwakali zibe izinhlobo:

1. nihilistic engenangqondo. Lokhu mkhiqizo aziwayo kakade E. Ionescu futhi Hildeskhaymera. midlalo zihlukaniswa yokuthi ukuqonda subtext yomdlalo kulo ukusebenza kanye nezethameli bengayi.

2. Uhlobo engenangqondo wesibili ubonisa nezinxushunxushu jikelele futhi njengenye yezingxenye zayo eziyinhloko, indoda. Kulesi vein, imisebenzi yayenziwa adalwe S. Beckett futhi A. Adamu, owayefuna ukugcizelela bikho ukuvumelana ukuphila komuntu.

3. engenangqondo satirical. Njengoba kuyacaca kusukela igama ngokwayo, abamele lo mkhuba Dürrenmatt, Utshani, Frisch futhi Havel wazama ukugcona engenangqondo ye-oda wesimanje kwezenhlalo kanye nezifiso abantu.

imisebenzi letibalulekile yaseshashalazini the okungenangqondo

Uyini yaseshashalazini the okungenangqondo, izethameli wafunda emva Paris yacala le "Bald soprano" ubuqambi Ionesco futhi "Ilinde Godot" by S. Beckett.

Isici sici ukukhiqizwa "I Bald soprano" umuntu ukuthi kwakuyodingeka ibe umlingisi losemcoka, yesehlakalo awavelanga. Enkundleni, kukhona eminye imibhangqwana emibili kuphela oshadile izenzo static ngokuphelele. inkulumo yabo ayihambisani futhi egcwele clichés, elibuye ubonisa isithombe engenangqondo zomhlaba. Okunjalo incoherent, kodwa ngokuphelele ejwayelekile isifaniselo izinhlamvu okuphindaphindiwe kaningi. Ulimi, okuyinto ngokwesimo sawo kuhloswe ngawo ukwenza zokuxhumana lula, ukudlala kuphela kuvimbela ke.

Ngo play Beckett sika "Ilinde Godot" Amaqhawe ezimbili angasebenzi ngokuphelele ku sihlale sikulindele we Godot ezithile. Akukhona lokho kuphela, lo muntu okukhulunywa ngaye awavelanga kulo isenzo, futhi akekho owaziyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi igama uhlamvu engaziwa lihlotshaniswa igama lesiNgisi uNkulunkulu, okungukuthi, "UNkulunkulu." Heroes zikhunjulwe izingcezwana disjointed yokuphila kwakhe, ngaphandle, banalo umuzwa wokwesaba nokungaqiniseki owawuzokwenza abanye, ngoba inkambo angabavikela umuntu umane asipheli.

Ngakho, leyo ndawo yeshashalazi ibonisa okungenangqondo ukuthi injongo yokuphila komuntu iyisikhathi ingatholwa ku Eqinisweni, ukuqonda ukuthi akwenzi mqondo.