Metagalaxy - ke ... Incazelo kanye nesakhiwo metagalaxy

Izinkanyezi zabiwa yonkana expanses wendawo yonke engalingani. Basuke zenziwe amaqoqo, ababiziweyo imithala. Nokho, kuyiphutha ukuphetha ngokuthi nemilaza ebonakalayo umkhathizwe - a amaqoqo inkanyezi. Labo izibani ukuthi uyabona kwenye indawo kwesibhakabhaka, eqinisweni, kungaba bahlukana ku ibanga elikhulu.

Definition of endaweni yonke

Ngokwe yezinkanyezi isichazamazwi, metagalaxy - kungcono ingxenye yonke, okungase ebuka futhi uphenyo ngosizo izindlela zanamuhla zesayensi kanye amathuluzi. Kuyinto ezingaba yizigidi zonozungezilanga. Kunenye definition. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Great Soviet Encyclopedia ithi metagalaxy - iqoqo lemithala, okuhlanganisa eziningi imithala (1 billion), okuyinto kungabonakala nasemkhakheni usebenzisa izibonakude. Enamandla ngaphezulu iba ubuchwepheshe besimanje, kulapho selule imingcele bolwazi lwabantu mayelana yonke engaziwa. Indaba yonke kuyindaba ukuthi yakha wonke metagalaxy. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone le ncazelo elandelayo: yonke futhi metagalaxy - kuyahambisana.

Imiqondo "metagalaxy" futhi "indawo yonke ebonakalayo"

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi iyiphi metagalaxy, ukuchaza elinye ihlandla - "yonke ebonakalayo". Izazi zezinkanyezi ukubiza le nkulumo ukuthi ingxenye yonke, kuhlanganise omunye bangase bazibone ukusuka eMhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ososayensi bayakwazi ukubona uphinde uhlole ezihlukahlukene zayo - akugcini nje izinkanyezi namaplanethi, kodwa futhi amagagasi futhi amasignali - konke lokhu kuyaqhubeka ikhaya lethu endaweni yonke. Indawo yonke ebonakalayo kuphela ingxenye yonke omkhulukazi. It has umngcele ayo - emkhathizwe Cosmological. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi inani eliphelele amaqoqo ezinkanyezi emkhathini obonakalayo idlula bhiliyoni 170.

Njengoba inkolelo yokungafi yonke ebonakalayo iqukethe inombolo olukhudlwana lezinto kuka kungenzeka ukubona abantu abavamile, yaqalisa nomqondo metagalaxy. Izinkanyezi ezingabaleki, waphawula ngosizo ukuzisika-onqenqemeni ezobuchwepheshe, bayingxenye yonke ebonakalayo. Nokho, uma ukhuluma ngani izinto sisithole komngcele, lezi izinto abizwa ngokuthi Metagalactic. izazi zezinkanyezi Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ubukhulu langempela yonke lingaphezulu kakhulu kunalezo ukuthi kungabonakala nasemkhakheni.

Kodwa yonke ebonakalayo ayikwazi okuphawulwe izazi zezinkanyezi ngokugcwele, ngoba akulinganiselwe emisebeni ethile. Ngenxa cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba bagcine lokho kuyinto aqhelile. Lokhu emisebeni - into ezikude kakhulu lapho "wakwenza" astronomy yesimanje.

umthala amaqoqo

Umkhathi ziqoqwa Amahlukuzo izinhlobo ezahlukene ngendlela efanayo njengoba ingabe izinkanyezi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-yomthala amaqoqo - globular, base behlukana. Zonke izinkanyezi ukuthi kungabonwa ngeso lenyama noma ngokusebenzisa izibonakude (hhayi enamandla kakhulu wabo), ifomu uhlelo eyodwa - galaxy. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona izingxenye ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-100.

Ukutholakala zemithala entsha

Ngale kwemingcele yakwa-Milky Way, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zathola inani elikhulu nezinye inkanyezi izinhlelo. afane yethu oyiyo. Ngokufanayo, basuke yakhiwa izigidigidi zezinkanyezi, ezinye zazo zifana ilanga. isakhiwo Metagalaxy bekulokhu isihloko ucwaningo ekuqa- le XIX futhi XX eminyaka. Khona-ke, abanye izazi zezinkanyezi babeqiniseka ukuthi mafu empeleni izinhlelo inkanyezi ababeyibone isuswa Milky Way izigidigidi zeminyaka ukukhanya.

I-Andromeda Galaxy - yisibonelo inkanyezi uhlelo ezimele

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-XX leminyaka, u-Edwin Hubble okuye kungase kutholakale ukuthi lezi mafu empeleni ehlukile, ngokuvamile of Ubukhulu ezinkulu, inkanyezi izinhlelo. Isibonelo Umthala engayodwa yinhlanganisela izinkanyezi Andromeda. Ibuke kungaba ebusuku zicacile kodwa moonless. Kuyinto ebonakalayo njengoba hazy elikhanyayo Ucezwana usayizi kudiski enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Ngezindlela eziningi, emthaleni efana i-Milky Way. Kuyinto ebonakala obuka enalokho kuthambekela kancane maqondana engela umbono. Ingxenye bhá ngakho lakhiwa uhlobo Kuvunguza, futhi wayesejele ngaphezulu ngaphezu komthala wethu. Andromeda Nebula ivela kithi at ibanga ukukhanya-eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-1 million.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela yonke ekwandiseni

Lo mbono ingenye isayensi enkulu. amanye amagama Ezazimzungezile - "Umbono wokuthi metagalaxy ekwandiseni", noma nje The Big Bang Theory. isikhundla sayo esiyinhloko siwukuthi ubaba yonke yazalwa eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 20 edlule. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ukuqhuma giant ihlule ukuminyana enkulu ndaba. Kanjani lo mbono? Uma phambi kwaba ethandwa okuthiwa imodeli isotropic of the Universe. Umbhali omunye wabo kwakungu-Albert Einstein.

Kwenzani lokhu gama? Umthala ngamunye (futhi metagalaxy) kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda eziningana aphansi. Kungashiwo okufanayo kwenziwe nge yonke. Isotropy kusho ukuthi izakhiwo metagalaxy ziyafana kuzo zonke izindawo. Ngokusho imodeli ehlongozwayo ngu Einstein, metagalaxy - uhlelo umile lapho azikho izinguquko. Esikhathini esizayo, lo mbono uye ukulahlwa ososayensi Russian A. A. Fridmanom. Wasikisela umfuziselo yonke uyanda.

Quasars - izinto ezikhanya Yonke Endaweni Yonke

Sandla lesibalulekile ekutadisheni izinto ezihlukahlukene metagalaxy unika ekutadisheni quasars - okwakheke engavamile futhi othakazelisayo enhle. Quasars zidalwa izimbobo black ezingaziwa, Ukubengezela yayo elikhanyayo bona akusibekele engumakhelwane Umthala. Quasar ube mass, izikhathi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane odlulele mass welanga.

Lapho ososayensi baqala ulwazi mayelana quasars, babengekholwe e zikhona. Healthy zokungabaza isifiso wabaholela ukuthola incazelo yesayensi lezi izinto. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo yezinkanyezi okwalandela luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngempela ososayensi acacile kakhulu ifomu metagalaxy. izimbobo black Supermassive imithombo engcono okunomsoco for quasars. izimbobo Black yalolu hlobo - kukhona izindawo emkhathini lapho amandla elanga adonsela phansi yakhe sinamandla kakhulu kangangokuba ngisho elangeni awukwazi phuma yemida yabo. izimbobo black Supermassive nazo imfihlakalo izazi zezinkanyezi. ubungako bawo lingafika ku ubukhulu sonozungezilanga. Abeve akhiwa, omunye ososayensi abakwazi kodwa baqonde.