Lip emfantwini nolwanga: imbangela kanye nokulungisa

Ukuzalwa komntwana - umzuzwana eside elindelwe kwabaningi. Kodwa zikhona izikhathi lapho izindaba ezinhle kulandele izenzakalo lapho abazali kungukuthi uzilungiselele kusenesikhathi. nezimo ezinjalo anomalies azalwa naso kanye zamehlo ukuthi mnyama ukubukeka lokuzalwa kwengane.

lip emfantwini nolwanga - ezivamile lokuzalwa isici umuntu. Abantu anomaly ngokuthi "udebe zaychey" (lip emfantwini) kanye "ulwanga emfantwini" (ulwanga emfantwini). kumiswa yabo senzeka senyanga yokuqala sokukhulelwa, kusukela 5th neviki 11 yentuthuko sombungu.

omsakazo

"Zaychey udebe" libizwa anomaly, esibonakala by ukungabi esinqunyiwe noma ephelele ukuvuvukala kwezicubu udebe eliphezulu. Kungaba ukuthuthukisa njengoba geqe, futhi kungenziwa kuhlangene ulwanga emfantwini.

"Ulwanga emfantwini" - igebe, ulwanga emfantwini engxenyeni emaphakathi noma eceleni. Kungase akhiwe endaweni ethize (bone anterior noma soft izicubu posterior ulwanga), noma ukunweba lonke obuphelele.

On umzimba kamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungenzeka zathiya ngumuntu ke ezicini eziningana, kuphumele ukubukeka anomalies ezifana lip emfantwini nolwanga. Izimbangela pathologies ezilandelayo:

1. nezici ezithile Ukubambezeleka - umuntu owazalwa emfantwini, kukhona kungenzeka ukuze uthumele lesi sifo njengefa ingane yakhe 7-10% lwamacala.
2. Izifo imvelaphi viral, idluliselwe unina senyanga yokuqala sokukhulelwa (rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus ukutheleleka, toxoplasmosis).
3. izimo ngukujabha kwemvelo nemisebe endaweni abesifazane abaphila ngesikhathi ethwele ingane.
4. izifo kanye nokuphathwa imithi nge teratogenic esizindeni sabo.
5. imikhuba lomama ezimbi (ngokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, ukubhema, nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa isidakamizwa).

Ukwahlukanisa lip emfantwini nolwanga

Ngesisekelo izici yokwakheka kanye bokuphila Ukwahlukaniswa kwemifantu lakhiwe. Ukuze kube lula, sizobe ukwethula ulwazi itafula.

iqembu	subgroups	Izici subgroups
Gqwa lip emfantwini	submucous	C 1 side 2 izinhlangothi
	Akuphelele (s ekhaleni ukusonteka ngaphandle)	C 1 side 2 izinhlangothi
	ngokugcwele	C 1 side 2 izinhlangothi
Gqwa ulwanga emfantwini	Labo ezithinta kuphela endaweni ulwanga ezithambile	Submucous, akuphelele, ephelele
	Labo ezithinta esifundeni ulwanga soft futhi kanzima	Submucous, akuphelele, ephelele
Qedela emfantwini nolwanga bone alveolar	C 1 side 2 izinhlangothi
Emfantwini ingxenye anterior ka ulwanga elithambile, udebe eliphezulu bone alveolar	C 1 side 2 izinhlangothi
Looping emfantwini ezithinta udebe eliphezulu, inqubo alveolar, ulwanga onzima ezithambile	C 1 uhlangothi	Isandla sokudla, eyinxele
	C 2 izinhlangothi
lip emfantwini nolwanga (isithombe ngezansi), uhlobo atypical

ukuhlola

Pathology kuchazwa esikhathini sokukhulelwa. Azalwa naso lip emfantwini nolwanga kakade ibukeke phezu 16-20 ngesonto yentuthuko sombungu. Uma zonke 3 ultrasound luhlolo ezinkulu ingane eyeka inzwa unit ukuze kunzima ukuqonda isakhiwo kungaba amanga yi inhlolovo.

Izibuyekezo abazali, kamuva ababenezingane nge anomalies azalwa naso, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka positives bamanga, futhi zombili izinkomba. Abanye bathi umntwana wakhe esezelwe ogulayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ingane nsé ontanga yabo. Noma, kunalokho, abazali ayeqiniseka kwempilo eqinile komntwana, futhi wazalwa nalesi sifo.

Ukondla ingane nge okuthile okungavamile

Ngaphambi kuziwa kulungiswe inkinga, kudingeka ukuxazulula inkinga nge-kid-sikagesi. Ukondla izingane nge lip emfantwini nolwanga ihlukile, ngakho umama kufanele ihambisane nemithetho, okuyinto ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.

Uma ingane ikhishwa anomaly kuphela isakhiwo sezindebe, izinkinga ne ukuthunjwa ingono futhi abancela wezindebe zakhe ngeke. lip emfantwini nolwanga noma kuphela esibhakabhakeni sidzinga zokuguqulwa ukudla womntwana kusukela ekuqaleni phakathi acinene futhi ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo ungakwazi iyangena ubisi, futhi akukho ingcindezi adingekayo inqubo abancela.

Kanjani ubisi singena ingaphakathi acinene, futhi umoya efanayo agelezela umlomo futhi, ngokufanelekile, esiswini. Izingane kudingeka isikhundla eside ovundlile emva kokudla ngokweqile air Bubbles phandle. Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala zokuphila ahambisana colic njalo, regurgitation, ongafinyelela ngisho ukuhlanza.

Udla imithetho:

1. Sebenzisa noma ukuncelisa ibele, noma esebenzisa amabhodlela yokudla (enkomishini noma spoon akudingekile ukuba ondle).
2. Bazihlikihle amabele ngaphambi Udla. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukwandisa inani ubisi ukwenza ibuyisele, nezinyane lembuzi akudingeki sizame kakhulu.
3. Bagcine imithetho okufunekayo yokudla. Ngokuvamile ukubeka umntwana ibele.
4. Ukwenza umunwe ecindezela le areola, okuvumela ukuba andise protrusion we ingono. Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa pads ekhethekile, ukukhetha ubukhulu umlomo wengane.
5. Uma uhlangabezana unsaturated umntwana ubisi izinsalela ukuqoqa webele futha yokudla lokuchibiyela ebhodleleni. I ingono futhi ekhethiwe ngamunye, kucatshangelwa izici yokwakheka.

izinkombandlela ukwelashwa

Izingane nge lip emfantwini nolwanga edinga ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuyadingeka hhayi kuphela ukususa ukukhubazeka yezimonyo, kodwa futhi ukubuyisela umsebenzi ipheshana wokugaya ukudla futhi umgudu wokuphefumula.

Izinsuku zemisebenzi, isibalo sawo, inani kokungenela ichaza uqobo ohlinzayo. lip emfantwini nolwanga isuswe izinqubo elandelayo:

• chiloplasty;
• rinoheyloplastika;
• rinoheylognatoplastika;
• veloplastika;
• palatoplastika;
• ithambo ngokuxhunyelelwa.

Zonke lezi zinhlelo zokungenelela kuyizinto eziyinhloko ukuhlinzwa emfantwini. Ngokuzayo kungadinga imisebenzi yesibili ayingxenye ukubukeka ukulungiswa nemiphumela asalile.

Rinoheyloplastika

Lokhu kuhlinza ukubuyisela izici yokwakheka bokuphila kwekhala ne lip engenhla. lip emfantwini nolwanga is hhayi iqedwe i sokungenela, kodwa ukulungisa "izindebe zaychey" rinoheyloplastika kubhekwe inqubo lokuzikhethela.

Imisebenzi odokotela abahlinzayo:

• nokubuyiselwa ohlelweni kwemisipha udebe eliphezulu;
• Ukulungiswa umngcele red;
• kumiswa evamile usayizi buccal umgodi;
• ukubuyisela ukuma efanele ekhaleni;
• the wesimethri we ukulungiswa;
• obumba phansi amavesi acinene.

Ezimweni eziningi, asetshenziswa lezi amasu, ukuze izibazi zazibonakala ngangokusemandleni. Iqiniso ukuphazamiseka amasu ekhethiwe, izinga ukusonteka kwezicubu eyinhloko bese uqwanga ukugcinwa kanye efanele esikhathini postoperative - ezinquma ukuthi isidingo ukuhlinzwa yesibili ngemva ukululama ephelele isiguli.

Unilateral inqubo sokugembula ivumela uhlelo ukusebenza ukufeza sezinyanga ezingu-3 ingane endala, ezimbili ngendlela - ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngemva amapulasitiki ingane fed noma ngesipuni noma ngokusebenzisa ngamapayipi nasogastric, kuye ngokuthi isimo jikelele kanye nobudala isiguli. Ngemva 3-4 izinsuku, ungabuyela indlela esetshenziswa njalo.

Rinoheylognatoplastika

Izingane nge lip emfantwini nolwanga ungakwazi balahle lesi sifo esebenzisa sokungenela kwakhe. Lo msebenzi kuhloswe ukususwa yokwakheka iziyaluyalu ekhaleni, udebe eliphezulu futhi bone alveolar. Uvumela ukulungiswa ngokusebenzisa zamehlo. Bilateral emfantwini lip nolwanga - kungenye yezinkomba ngoba rinoheylognatoplastike.

Isikhathi kahle msebenzi esewusana aze occlusion unomphela azinakho bakheké ngokuphelele futhi ayikafiki namanje teething canines engenhla.

Veloplastika

lip emfantwini nolwanga kubuyiselwa ngu kanyekanye nokusebenzisa inqubo op amaningi. Ochwepheshe futhi izakhi kuhlanganiswe heylorinoplastiki veloplastiki (yokulungiswa ulwanga esithambile). Ukungenelela Kwenziwa le migomo elandelayo:

• ukubuyisela nokugwinya umsebenzi;
• ukuphefumula inqubo ukulungiswa;
• ukubuyisela phonation futhi inkulumo.

Uma ingane bangafunda ukudla, ukuze ukudla singenalo angena okomlomo kuya ekhaleni, ne -apharathasi vocal mubi kakhulu. Izinguquko Ezinkulu enkulumweni akukwazi ekutilungisa bona ngekwabo. Lokhu kubalulekile eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala, lapho ingane ifunda ukukhuluma futhi yakha amakhono abo ngabanye (ukucula, hlabelela izinkondlo).

Veloplastika aphethwe kusuka kwezingu-8 ubudala. Ngokuvamile ukuhlinzwa is kahle ibekezelelwe, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2, umntwana angakwazi adle ngokuzimela.

Palatoplastika

Izingane nge lip emfantwini nolwanga (ukukhubazeka kwezingane kwenziwa umbuzo) ingadinga izigaba eziningana ukusebenza, okuyinto eyenziwa njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma ozalwe abathintekayo hhayi kuphela udebe, ithambo alveolar nolwanga soft, kodwa futhi kunambitheka kanzima, le state inkomba palatoplastiki.

Ngemva yokulungiswa anatomy we ezithambile ulwanga igebe okuqinile ayisesemikhulu ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngu 3-4 iminyaka kuba ewumngcingo ukuze ukwazi ukubuyisela ubuqotho ngaphandle iziyaluyalu abalulekile esibuhlungu. Onjalo esinezinyathelo ukulungiswa has izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• izimo ekuseni yokutakula sokuthuthukiswa evamile izici inkulumo;
• Isithiyo ukukhula abahluphayo esishintshashintshayo we ongenhla.

Omunye-step angalulama, kodwa kulokhu kwandisa ingozi nokungathuthuki we ongenhla.

ithambo ngokuxhunyelelwa

Lo msebenzi wenziwa udokotela ohlinzayo, kodwa esihlelwe ne wamazinyo. Eyenziwa ngesikhathi ushintsho zesikhashana ukuba occlusion unomphela (iminyaka 7-9). Phakathi kokungenela ukuthatha xhumelela enkothweni tibia esiguli, futhi utshalwe endaweni ka emqhokrweni ithambo alveolar. I milisa Ungayibuyisa ubuqotho ithambo we ongenhla futhi udale kwezimo ezifanele ukuqhuma namazinyo unomphela.

ukuhlinzwa yesibili

lip emfantwini nolwanga - a anomaly azalwa naso ukuthi angashiya trace ebusweni lomuntu kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Iziguli eziningi kudingeka ukuqhuba ukuhlinza plastic yesibili, injongo okuyinto kanje:

• ukulungiswa ukubukeka;
• nokuvulwa umsebenzi yokukhuluma;
• nokuqedwa ukuxhumana okungavamile phakathi izimbotshana ezimbili (acinene, temlomo);
• ukunyakaza futhi sinjalo we ongenhla.

1. Upper lip

Iningi leziguli abafuna ukufeza ukulungiswa udebe eliphezulu, adzimelele yokuthi ngemva kokungenela kokuqala kwaba inyama yangaphakathi. Isifiso ukuqeda futhi kuholela nodokotela ohlinzayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iyiphi isibanda noma isibanda zingenziwa ukwehla obunganakekile ubungako besipho, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthola ngokuphelele ukuqeda kwalo.

uhlobo njalo:

• ukugoba ezingezona ezemvelo umngcele red;
• asymmetry;
• kokunikezwa kwe-kwemisipha uhlelo imisebenzi;
• ukugcwala ongaphilile.

2. Nose

Anomalies udebe eliphezulu kuhlangene deformity acinene. Secondary ukuhlinzwa ekhaleni liyadingeka cishe zonke iziguli. I degree of ukusonteka incike kobukhulu isifo eyinhloko. Ukuze kulungiswe asymmetry, ukubukeka yobuhle, ukubuyiselwa septum acinene Kunenkolelo rhinoplasty.

Izinguquko ezincane ezidinga ukulungiswa kungaba kwenziwe ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni. kokungenela Olubanzi avunyelwe iminyaka kuphela emva 16-17, lapho amathambo endoda ebusweni yakheke ngokugcwele.

3. ulwanga ezithambile

Umphumela emifantwini eziyinkimbinkimbi nokuhlinzwa eyinhloko yabo velofaringealnaya ingavuthi enganele. Kuyinto isimo sokugembula ezihambisana ngezwi acinene, inkulumo egwinya. Izinqubo zokuhlinza okuhloswe ngaso nokususa isici enkulumweni.

Ukusebenza uvunyelwe ngasiphi yobudala, kodwa ngaphambi kungcono ubonane nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka inkulumo ezihlobene ngezinye izindlela.

Kuyinto ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuhlola umphumela ukusebenza ku ulwanga ezithambile akunakwenzeka, ngoba uhlelo kwemisipha esifundeni kakhulu sensitive ukuphazamiseka zangaphandle, okusho ukuthi nezibazi emva kokuhlinzwa eyinhloko uhlale abalulekile. Ukubuyisela izici obusebenzayo ukwenza manipulations ezilandelayo:

• kabusha imisipha plasty ngaphandle noma nge ukunwebeka kanyekanye;
• ulwanga plastic ethambile usebenzisa ichopho pharyngeal.

Isici esivelele sesimiso ngasekupheleni kwenkathi nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukusingatha kanye logopedist onekhono ukunakekelwa ukuzwa okhokhelwayo.

4. Oronazalnye fistula

Lokhu kuyinkinga evamile iziguli esebenza lip emfantwini nolwanga. Fistula kuyinto wokuvula ozobe uphakathi izimbotshana ezimbili. kwasendaweni njalo - esifundeni ithambo alveolar, ulwanga kanzima. Lapho esemncane, kuvuleka ngaso ibe imbangela ukuthola ukudla ku ekhaleni, kodwa izingane zifunda ukulawula isimo. Ngenxa yalokho kuba acinene nezwi egwinya.

Ukususwa kwezimiso fistulas oronazalnyh eyalo ithambo ukuxhumelela ukwakha phansi amavesi acinene.

isiphetho

lip emfantwini nolwanga, lapho ukukhubazeka uhlala okukhulunywa ibhekisela esimweni azalwa nako. Endabeni inhlanganisela zamazwe amabili zokugula ezinzima nezinye anomalies ungahle uthole ukukhubazeka.

Ukuba khona isifo olulodwa ngaphandle anomalies ezihambisana azalwa naso yohlamvu ekhethelwe lokho, ukuthi akuvimbeli umuntu ngokuzimela ukuzinakekela hhayi ephelezelwa kwezinso kwezinye izindawo (engqondo, ngokwengqondo sezinzwa). In esinjalo amacala zokwelapha, isiguli ayiboni ayivumelekile.