Amanzi-usawoti ibhalansi emzimbeni: incazelo, ukuhlukumeza, ukuvuselelwa kanye Izincomo

Ukuze umzimba wethu ukuze isebenze kahle, abathintekayo isethi eyinkimbinkimbi izinqubo zangaphakathi. Ukulondoloza amanzi-usawoti umzimba evamile ihlobene omunye wabo. Lapho kulungile, indoda akusho nezinkinga zempilo, kodwa ukwephulwa yayo kuholela ngeziphambeko eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi abalulekile. Ngakho-ke yini uketshezi electrolyte ibhalansi? Ukwephulwa, izimpawu zayo kuyobhekelwa.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Amanzi-usawoti ibhalansi kucatshangwa nihlanganyele izinqubo olungenayo emzimbeni amanzi kanye nosawoti, nokwenziwa yabo nokusatshalaliswa izitho zangaphakathi nezicubu, kanye nezindlela sokususwa yabo.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwesigamu liqukethe amanzi, futhi leyo mali emzimbeni zingase zihluke. It kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, ezifana yobudala kanye umzimba mass amafutha. Ewusana olusanda kuzalwa ukuba 77% amanzi e omdala abesilisa babengamaphesenti 61%, kanye nabesifazane - 54%. inani ezinjalo ezincane okusamanzi emzimbeni owesifazane ngenxa yokuba khona amangqamuzana eziningi ezikhuluphele. Njengoba bekhula lesi sibalo ngisho aphansi.

Njengoba amanzi abelwa emzimbeni womuntu?

Ukusatshalaliswa uketshezi eyenziwa ngale ndlela:

• 2/3 of yengqikithi yama-akhawunti ketshezi intracellular;
• 1/3 of yengqikithi imelelwa uketshezi extracellular.

Kubantu, amanzi isebujameni khulula, kukhona nokugcinwa yayo colloids noma yena ohilelekile ukwakheka kanye noqhekeko zishintshe kwamafutha, amaprotheni kanye carbohydrate.

Kuqhathaniswa uketshezi extracellular futhi ngoketshezi olungenambala olusegazini, izicubu uketshezi kumaseli elinesimo emakamu eliphezulu magnesium ion potassium ne-phosphate kanye nokuqukethwe ongaphakeme chlorine ion, sodium, i-calcium ne-hydrogen ion. Lo mehluko wenza alichaza yokuthi odongeni capillary amaprotheni has permeability ongaphakeme. Jwayelekile uketshezi electrolyte ibhalansi e umuntu onempilo ukusekelwa kwabasebenzi unomphela hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi umthamo liquid.

WokuLawula amanzi-usawoti ukulinganisela nezinso uhlelo urinary

Izinso ayadingeka ukugcina inqubo njalo. Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo exchange ion, unekhemikhali isamba ngokweqile cations futhi anions ngokusebenzisa reabsorption sodium kanye excretion potassium namanzi. Indima izinso kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba sibonga kubo ukulondolozwa lemali edingekile of uketshezi interstitial kanye nenani kahle izinto ziyoncibilika kuwo.

Ngosuku abantu kufanele kudle 2.5 amalitha uketshezi. Mayelana 2 l odabula ngokudla neziphuzo, futhi kwakhiwa ivolumu esisele emzimbeni ngenxa exchange izinqubo. Izinso etholakala 1.5L, amathumbu - 100 ml, futhi isikhumba ukukhanya - 900 ml. Ngakho, ke ulawula amanzi nosawoti ibhalansi akuyona emzimbeni munye, kepha inhlanganisela yabo.

Inani okuphumayo by izinso ketshezi kuncike ezidingweni futhi isimo umzimba. Inani eliphelele umchamo, elikwaziyo ukudonsa umzimba ngosuku, 15 amalitha ketshezi, futhi ilingana 250 ml at antidiuresis.

Lezi nemingcele ezahlukene zincike ubunjalo kanye ukushuba reabsorption ijabulise.

Kungani iphazamiseke ibhalansi amanzi kanye nosawoti emzimbeni?

Ukwephula amanzi-usawoti ibhalansi kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthola uketshezi emzimbeni e esiningi futhi ekunqandeni ukuqedwa yayo. Kuvela ekuqongeleleni yayo esikhaleni extracellular, umthamo yayo ngaphakathi amaseli luyanda, okuholela nokuvuvukala yokugcina. Uma le nqubo ezinzwa, inkanuko izikhungo sezinzwa, nesandla okuvela nokuquleka.
• Futhi emzimbeni kungaba izinqubo okuphambene ngokuphelele. Ngenxa ukususwa ngokweqile uketshezi umzimba uqala ukushwaqa igazi, okwandisa ingozi amahlule, siyabhubha ukugeleza kwegazi e kwezitho nezicubu. Uma untula amanzi, imali engaphezu kuka-20% - umuntu efa.

Ukwephula amanzi-usawoti ibhalansi emzimbeni kuholela kwesisindo, isikhumba esomile kanye cornea. Endabeni untula amanzi oqinile amafutha ongama inhlama iqala wafana e ukungaguquguquki zenzeka ababambelela esweni, futhi umthamo wegazi incipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zobuso ibukhali, lapho ngezipikili izindebe cyanosis, hypofunction kwezinso, encishisiwe blood pressure, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngamandla futhi buthakathaka, futhi ngenxa amaprotheni umzimba iziyaluyalu kwandisa lokuhlushwa lezisekelo nitrogen. Umuntu uqale izandla abandayo futhi izinyawo uzizwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sokungalingani ezingase ziphakame ngenxa yokulahlekelwa alinganayo amanzi nosawoti. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenzeka ngo-ubuthi acute, lapho uketshezi electrolyte elahlekile ngesikhathi ihlanze noma ikhishwe yisisu.

Kungani ukungabi namanzi angadingeki emzimbeni?

Ngokuvamile, le nqubo sokugembula senzeka ngenxa zangaphandle uketshezi ukulahlekelwa kanye nokwabela abantu indawo yayo emzimbeni.

Ukunciphisa ezingeni le-calcium egazini kwenzeka:

• nge yegilo iziyaluyalu;
• ngokusebenzisa enemisebe iodine amalungiselelo;
• lapho pseudohypoparathyreosis.

Sodium incipha ngenxa izifo eside okwenzeka lapho umchamo ikhishwe ezimbi kakhulu; emva kokuhlinzwa; ngenxa self nenza isisu kokuthola.

Ukuze wehlise potassium isahola:

• ukuhamba kwayo ngaphakathi amaseli;
• alkalosis;
• ukwelashwa ngama-corticosteroid;
• isifo sesibindi;
• umjovo we-insulin,
• aldosteronism;
• ukuluthwa utshwala;
• ukusebenza emathunjini amancane;
• i-hypothyroidism.

Izimpawu amanzi nosawoti ukulingana umzimba

Uma iphazamiseke amanzi-usawoti ibhalansi emzimbeni ke zikhona izimpawu ezifana ukuhlanza, ukoma ngokweqile, ukuvuvukala, uhudo. It iqala ukushintsha ibhalansi acid-base, umfutho wegazi liyancipha, kukhona arrhythmia. izimpawu ezinjalo noma kunjalo akunakugwenywa, njengoba zokugula okuqhubekayo kungaholela ukuboshwa inhliziyo nokufa.

Calcium ukuntula esiyingozi nesenzakalo zibe of imisipha abushelelezi, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona spasm laryngeal. Uma lesi sici emzimbeni, kunalokho, kakhulu, kukhona ukoma, ubuhlungu esiswini, ukuhlanza, kahle kwegazi, ukuchama kaningi.

Lapho potassium ukuntula kwenzeka alkalosis, ezingamahlalakhona ukwehluleka kwezinso, atony, ileus, ventricular fibrillation we inhliziyo, ubuchopho egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Lapho iza ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, sinyuka ukukhubazeka. isimo okunjalo kuyingozi ngoba kukhona fast kakhulu ventricular fibrillation wenhliziyo, okuholela stop atrial.

Inani okweqa magnesium livela ngenxa kwezinso ukungasebenzi nokuhlukumeza antacids. Kulokhu, ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza lathinta, kukhuphuke izinga lokushisa lomzimba, kwenhliziyo yomuntu kuyancipha.

Indlela ukubuyisela ibhalansi amanzi-usawoti emzimbeni?

Ngokuzimela ukunquma at khona kwale zokugula kunzima, futhi uma izimpawu asolisayo kufanele ubonane nodokotela. Kungaba ukunikeza izindlela ezilandelayo yokwelashwa kwenzeke nokubuyiselwa amanzi-usawoti ibhalansi:

• yezokwelapha;
• ambulatory;
• chemical;
• Ukudla.

indlela Medical yokwelashwa

Le ndlela liqukethe yokuthi isiguli kumelwe athathe amaminerali noma amavithamini nezinye izakhamzimba mineral equkethe calcium, i-sodium, i-silicon magnesium, i-potassium, t. E. izakhi okunjalo okuyinto banesibopho uketshezi electrolyte ibhalansi emzimbeni.

Lezi imithi zihlanganisa:

• "Duovit";
• "Vitrum";
• "Biotech Vitabolik".

Inkambo yokwelashwa yinyanga bese wenza ikhefu emasontweni ambalwa.

Indlela chemical yokwelashwa

Kulokhu-ke kuyadingeka ukuthatha isixazululo ekhethekile. Kunoma yikuphi ekhemisi ungathenga amaphakethe ekhethekile equkethe ezihlukahlukene zikasawoti. ejenti ezinjalo ngaphambili esetshenziselwa ubuthi, ikholera, isifo sohudo, okuyinto ahambisana uhudo nokuhlanza, okuholela okusheshayo amanzi emzimbeni, futhi saline ikhuthaza egcina amanzi.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa leli thuluzi, kumele bonana nodokotela wakho kuqala, ngoba is contraindicated ku:

• sikashukela;
• ukwehluleka kwezinso;
• izifo kohlelo genitourinary;
• izifo zesibindi.

Indlela ukubuyisela ibhalansi amanzi-usawoti ngendlela efanayo? Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele aphuze izifundo ngesonto of lezo zimali. Yamukela brine kufanele ihora ngemva kokudla futhi reception elilandelayo wenziwa ngaphambili kuka emva 1.5 amahora. Phakathi ukwelashwa kufanele uhlukane nale ukusetshenziswa usawoti.

Iziguli indlela yokwelashwa

Kakhulu akuvamile, kodwa kwenzeka kulesi simo wukuthi isiguli kudingeke ukuthi baphuthunyiswe esibhedlela ngenxa yokwephula yamanzi-usawoti ibhalansi. Kulokhu, isiguli kuthatha izixazululo usawoti kanye nemikhiqizo okukhethekile amaminerali ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, watusa esiqinile ukuphuza umbuso, futhi babelungisa ukudla ngaphansi izidingo lesiguli. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, liqoke weThrojani nge isixazululo isotonic.

ukudla

Ukuba ababuyisele ibhalansi evamile amanzi-usawoti, hhayi ngempela ukuthatha leli imithi. Kulokhu, isiguli ezinqunyiwe olukhethekile lokudla nge sibalo inani usawoti. Kumele kungagcini 7 amagremu ngosuku.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ezinye izincomo mayelana nendlela ukupheka ukudla kwesokudla:

• esikhundleni usawoti okungcono kakhulu esinakho iwukusebenzisa kolwandle njengoba ine okuqukethwe amaminerali ewusizo;
• uma ungeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa uLwandle Lukasawoti, kungaba ukungezwa izitsha etafuleni iodized;
• akudingekile ukuba usawoti "by iso" futhi usebenzise lesi ukhezo (itiye ibekwe 5 g usawoti, futhi lapho kudlelwa khona - 7 g).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amanzi, kuye ngokuthi isisindo emzimbeni. 1 kg isisindo ebangela 30 g amanzi.

isiphetho

Ngakho, uketshezi electrolyte ibhalansi kungenziwa ngokuzimela kuholele evamile, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho usadinga ukubona udokotela ukuze nginikeze zonke cwaningo kunesidingo. Akufanele yini uqobo nika ezihlukahlukene amaminerali kanye vitamin izakhiwo noma amaphakethe usawoti, kungcono unamathele olukhethekile lokudla, kanye nezincomo ewusizo.