Labantu Philippine emadolobheni kanye nezifunda

Philippines - iyizwe eliyisiqhingi elise emaphethelweni eningizimu-asempumalanga ye-Asia. Naphezu remoteness kuleli zwekazi, izwe uyisibonelo ecacile Symbiosis amathonya ezihlukene. Yingakho sabantu Philippine akunakudluliswa iyunifomu. Ake uthole okuningi mayelana abakhileyo kuleli izwe eliyisiqhingi.

izici omfushane kwendawo

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda ngqo labantu Philippines, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uhlala yimiphi imibandela womhlaba. Izwe ikhona Eziqhingini zasePacific, inani eyeqa ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ayingxenye Malay Archipelago. Izwe ikhona eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, phakathi esiqhingini Taiwan futhi Indonesia. Inani indawo Philippines cishe 300 sq. M. km.

Iningi Philippine Islands itholakala eshisayo sezulu zone yezimvula uhlobo sezulu, kodwa ingxenye eseningizimu yezwe itholakala esifundeni eseningizimu yeSahara. Lapha kulezi izimo zezulu bese kwendawo labantu Philippines uhlala.

A emfushane Uhlolojikelele zomlando

Labantu Philippine Islands ngesimo lapho ukhona manje, kwamiswa ngenxa inqubo zomlando, ukufuduka eziningi namathonya kwamasiko. Ake sibheke kafushane umlando of the Philippines, ikakhulukazi ukunaka umthelela wabo ekuguquleni ukubukeka wezwe yobuhlanga.

Idatha lokuqala labantu ePhilippines basonta BC V leminyaka. Khona-ke kulezi ziqhingi waqala ukuphila okubizwa ngokuthi negritoskie izizwana owakhiwe esiningi eningizimu-asempumalanga ye-Asia futhi ezihlobene uhlanga Australoid. Ukuze namuhla ePhilippines ukugcina ezinye kulezi zizwe, isibonelo aety.

Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, phezu ingxenye Taiwan esiqhingini waqala ukungena abamele Austronesian umndeni ulimi, kuze kube manje, ngokuba iningi labantu Philippine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abameleli bezizwe Austronesian yibona e-Indonesia nakwamanye amazwe isiqhingi Pacific Rim, kanye eMadagascar. Baye wadlala indzima lesembili ethnogenesis zabantu basePhilippines yesimanje.

Futhi kusukela ekhulwini VIII, iziqhingi waqala zingene abathengisi Chinese, okuyinto kwasho ukuqala Chinese ithonya namasiko esifundeni. Ngalesi sikhathi (kuze kufike ekhulwini XVII), Philippines beniyingxenye uthi Indo-Malaysian ahlukahlukene zasolwandle, lo muzi omkhulukazi esemgwaqweni ensimini ka-Indonesia yesimanje. Ngakho Philippines langena ubuHindu, ubuBuddha namasiko Indian. Ekhulwini XIV iziqhingi Arabhu lawela kuqala, kodwa-ke yaqala ukusakaza Islam kuleli zwe.

Ngo-1521, ePhilippines kwakungamadodana abaMhlophe bokuqala. Kwakumelwe izisebenzi wokuqala emlandweni wezwe, izwe uhambo amaPutukezi uFerdinand Magellan. Ngalesi sikhathi eziqhingini wabusa rajah cishe ezizimele, ngubani ngaphansi kwesizwe ngegama wavuma ka Srivijaya isimo igxile yeSumatra.

Ngo 1543 siqhingi lethiwa wamanje kusuka iSpanishi, narekshih kubo behlonipha iNkosi uPhilip II, isikhulu ke wangaphambili. Ngo 1565, Miguel Lopez wasungula isiphetho kuqala Spanish ePhilippines, wasizwa kule amasosha 400. Khona-ke abaseSpain benqoba cishe yonke indawo kulesi siqhingi. Inani labantu base-Philippines waphoqeleka ukuba wamukele iningi amaKatolika, ngokwengxenye amunca isiko Spanish, iya ulimi lweSpanishi. Ngakho, izingane sesifikile ukuba ngokuthi amagama Spanish. Captaincy Jikelele Philippines kwahlanganiswa Viceroyalty New Spain maphakathi eMexico yesimanje. Phakathi edolobheni Philippine kweManila futhi Acapulco Mexican waba ngesikhathi esihle kakhulu kwezokuthutha link.

izakhamizi kuphela yePhilippines babe amaSulumane, akazange aqaphele ekuphathweni iSpanishi futhi zalwa i esempini ngokumelene nalo, eqinisweni, kuyilapho nokugcina ukuzimela.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ingxenye eyinhloko iziqhingi sabantu Philippine, nakuba iguqulwe ebuKatolikeni futhi ulimi lwendabuko isi-Spanish, kwaba ngaphezulu futhi baqinisa funa ukuzimela. Uprising baba njalo esifundeni. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, uquqaba lwezingelosi amaqembu wamavukelambuso ngubani bazimisela ukulwa kuze kube sekugcineni.

Ngo 1898, ngemva kokulahlekelwa Spanish American War, baseYurophu baphoqeleka ukunikezela ePhilippines amaMelika. Kodwa kukhona khona abantu basePhilippines ngokwabo akuyona wanelisa, bamemezela republic futhi waqala impi entsha wenkululeko, okwaphela ngo-1902. Ukunqoba lugujwe abantu baseMelika, nakuba ukumelana kwezinye izindawo yathatha cishe kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Philippines yaba ikoloni US. Ngo-1935 bona banikezwe amalungelo ukuzimela ezibanzi.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, izwe lasePhilippines bathunjwa Japanese. Ngemva liqedwa ngo-1946, izwe uzibuse. IPhilippines kwadingeka ithuba ukuthuthukisa ngokwabo. Saba ulimi olusemthethweni Philippines (okusekelwe Tagalog) nesiNgisi. inhlokodolobha wezwe - emzini Manila.

kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni ePhilippines

Nokho, kutimela Philippines empunga lwa njalo kuvuselelwe phakathi kwamabutho kahulumeni, Maoist namaqembu Trotskyist, AmaSeparatist Muslim eningizimu. Ngo-1972, isimo yasungulwa ubushiqela siqu Fernando Marcos, ngubani waxoshwa ngenxa Yellow Revolution ka 1986. Ngemva kwalokho kuze kube manje zenzeka ngezikhathi ezama amasu okugumbuqela imibuso ahlomile.

Noma kunjalo, Philippines uhlala kwelinye lamazwe amaningi athuthukile kwezomnotho esifundeni.

labantu

Okwamanje, inani eliphelele labantu Philippine cishe 103 million abantu. Ngakho, izwe lifaka yeshumi nambili emhlabeni isibalo sabantu abahlala kuwo.

I kwabantu sabantu ePhilippines kuyinto 338 abantu ngamunye 1 sq. km. Lokhu kubuye omunye amazinga eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

ukwakheka yobuhlanga

Kwenqwaba labantu ePhilippines libhekisela zezizwe ezihlukahlukene Austronesian. Isisindo le ngxenye iseduze 95%. Phakathi kwalezi zizwe kufanele ukwaba Visayas, Ta'ala, sebuantsev, varaytsev, isi-Iloko, Pangasinan, Ukukhetha indlela okubukeka ngayo futhi Kapampangan abantu.

I Visayas eziningi kakhulu. Isibalo bale uhlanga ifinyelela abantu abayizigidi ezingu-32. Tagals Kulandelwe (22 mln.). It Tagalog kwakheka isisekelo izincwadi zasePhilippines, okuyinto ingenye izilimi ezimbili ezisemthethweni. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuyinhloko yokuthi lesi sizwe ithatha ingxenye eyinhloko yezwe, lapho inhloko-dolobha itholakala - emzini Manila. Iqembu yobuhlanga lesithathu ngobukhulu bakha Iloko (isigidi sabantu 9.5.), Ubani baphile ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeLuzon. Omkhulu lungamandla abo, futhi inhloko-dolobha. Ngo eningizimu Philippines kukhona sebuantsy eziningi kakhulu.

Umphakathi osele emaqenjini axubile Philippines. Ukuthi bafake asele 5% labantu abangewona phezu Austronesians athi 'okuhlanzekile'. Phakathi la maqembu, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke mestis okuthiwa. Ziyakwazi inzalo of imishado exubile phakathi kwamalungu yezizwe ezahlukene izinhlanga owawuhlala Philippines: American, isiShayina, abaseSpain, basePhilippines.

Iqembu yobuhlanga ehlukile siqukethe Negritos - izizukulwane zabomdabu, ama owaqala esezinzile Philippines.

izilimi

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-Philippines has izilimi ezimbili ezisemthethweni: English (ukusabalala kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, nalapho leliya lizwe yayiyikoloni US) kanye Filipino (esekelwe ulimi Tagalog sendawo).

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, nazo asetshenziswa izilimi abantu bezinye izizwe, ukuba abanye kubo bacele isimo lesifunda. Ngaphezu kwezilimi ezisemthethweni ePhilippines vasayskie ajwayelekile kakhulu Ilocano. ezilimini okungezona bomdabu futhi ngempela kwandile, okungukuthi, isiShayina, iSpanishi futhi Arabhu. Lokhu kungenxa ukunwetshwa kwamasiko, kanye namakhulu eminyaka sokuncika wamakoloni eSpain.

inkolo

Iningi liphendule ngokuthi labantu ePhilippines lokukholisa Sunni. I share amaKatolika phakathi kwabo bonke abakhileyo eziqhingini cishe u 81%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bambalwa amakhulu amaProthestani kuleli zwe - ezingaphezu kuka 11.5%. Iqembu zenkolo lesithathu ngobukhulu - amaSulumane. Islam luqhutshwa cishe 5% wesibalo sabantu. AmaSulumane iningi eningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Philippines kukhona imiphakathi Buddhist. Ezindaweni eziqhele kakhulu abanamathela nezinkolelo zendabuko.

Njengoba ubona, naphezu predominance YobuKatolika ePhilippines Ukwakheka zenkolo kunalokho Motley sabantu.

Inani labantu base-inhloko-dolobha

Inhloko-dolobha ye ePhilippines Manila. Okwamanje, inani labantu lo muzi abayizigidi ezi-1,7. Lokhu kwenza kube inombolo yesibili kakhulu izakhamizi lamalokishi yezwe. Kwabantu bakuleli mayelana ayizinkulungwane 43. Abantu ngamunye 1 square kilometre. Le nkomba kwenza Philippines omunye dolobha yamadolobha nesinabantu abaningi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwezinye izindawo ukwanda kwabantu leli dolobha ephakeme ngisho kuka eziyinkulungwane 68. Abantu. sq ngayinye. km.

Abantu abaningi enhloko-dolobha, njengoba sihlanganisa lonke izwe ePhilippines, amaRoma Katolika (93.5%). Mayelana 6% maniltsev kukhona amaProthestani amahlelo ahlukahlukene. Ezinye izindaba zika-izakhamuzi zedolobha - amaBuddha nabalandeli zezinye izinkolo.

Njengoba ulimi olukhulunywa kusetshenziswa Filipino, ogxile Tagalog, kodwa umphakathi wezamabhizinisi, kakhulukati kutemfundvo isiZulu sisetshenziswa kabanzi. AmaShayina Diaspora ngokuyinhloko lwesigodi yuzhnominsky Chinese.

Labantu kweminye imizi

Manje ake sibheke ukuthi yini labantu imizi ePhilippines, ezithinta isimo wedolobha.

Umuzi nesinabantu abaningi kunazo zonke kuleli zwe - LaseQuezon. Wasungula esanda kutholakala, ngo-1939. Ekuqaleni kuhlelwe njengoba entsha inhloko-dolobha yasePhilippines. Noma kunjalo, isimo dolobha kwaba kuphela kusukela ngo-1948 kuya ku-1976. Quezon City isendaweni isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke-Philippines - yeLuzon. Kuyinto iseduze Manila futhi kubuye ingxenye National Capital Region. Isibalo abakhileyo eDolobheni LaseQuezon fana ningi kanjalo than enhloko-dolobha, futhi abantu abangaphezu kuka-2.7 million, iningi labo amaKatolika abakhuluma ulimi Filipino.

Davao - eyesithathu idolobha elinabantu abaningi ePhilippines futhi idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke esiqhingini eMindanao. Labantu idlula abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1,6.

Caloocan City Itholakala namaphethelo. Kuyinto ekhaya izakhamuzi phezu 1.3 million.

Kuzo zonke ezinye imizi bakulelo zwe - abakhileyo ngaphansi kuka 1 million. Phakathi kwabo, lo Cebu ngobukhulu (ayizinkulungwane 798 INH ..), Zamboanga (ayizinkulungwane 774 INH ..) Futhi Antipolo (ayizinkulungwane 634 INH ..).

Population by izifunda

IPhilippines ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda 18 noma izifunda. KLABARSON endaweni enabantu abaningi, egama layo linguJehova emelela zezifundazwe zalo ephambili. Inani labantu esifundeni ngabantu abayizigidi ezingu-12.6.

Inani lesibili ngobukhulu zezakhamuzi kuyinto esifundeni enhlokodolobha, lapho imizi elikhulu Quezon City futhi Manila. Kuyo inani labantu umhlali sifike ebuningini abantu abayizigidi 11.9.

Inani labantu base-kwezinye izifunda simi ngale ndlela: Western Visayas - abantu abayizigidi ezingu-7.1, Central Visayas - abantu abayizigidi ezingu-6,8, Ukukhetha indlela okubukeka ngayo Region - abantu abayizigidi ezingu-5.4, Ilocos - abantu abayizigidi ezingu-4,7, Davao - 4.5 .... abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi e North eMindanao -. eyizigidigidi ezingu-4.3 abantu Negros -. abantu abayizigidi ezingu-4,2 SOCCSKSARGEN -. 4.1 million abantu, Eastern Visayas -. isigidi sabantu 3.9 Zamboanga Peninsula -. isigidi sabantu 3.4 ., Autonomous esifundeni Muslim eMindanao - abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3.3, Valley Cagayan -. isigidi sabantu 3.2 Mimaropa -. abantu 2.7 million Karaga -. abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2,4 Cordillera esifundeni zokuphatha -. 1.6 abantu abayizigidi ezingu-.

izici Jikelele sabantu

Sibheke ukuthi labantu ePhilippines ngo amadolobha kanye ezifundeni. Njengoba ubona, iningi kulezi ziqhingi bangamalungu izizwe abakhuluma Austronesian ngolimi Philippine abathi yamaKatolika. Kuyinto kule ingxenye enkulu amele labantu ePhilippines. Photo of omunye abameleli evamile lamazwe amelelwe esihlokweni.

Noma kunjalo, kuleli zwe kukhona inqwaba ezincane kazwelonke nezenkolo, ukukhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene futhi abathi yezinkolo eziningi (Islam, EsengamaProthestani, ubuBuddha, nokunye. D.).