Kuyini microprocessor? izinhlobo microprocessors

ubuchwepheshe bama-computer evumela ukuba isebenze kahle esikhulu. Kodwa bonke ukusebenza? Lokhu kusiza uhla kumadivayisi ezahlukene kanye nezinhlelo. Futhi omunye wabo microprocessor. Kuyini lokhu? Yiziphi imisebenzi yayo? Yiziphi izici kule divayisi? Uyini izakhiwo sekhompiyutha? Yini imingcele sincike kuyo?

Kuyini microprocessor?

Ngakho kuyinto idivayisi, okuyinto ilawulwa isofthiwe. abangababi bemisebenzi yaso - ukucutshungulwa kolwazi digital kanye nokuphathwa le nqubo. isilawuli sekhompiyutha kufanele kube encane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sokusebenza. Kule luyakhula eziningi izakhiwo, okuzokwenza manje lingachazwa. Ukusebenza microprocessor (ngokweqile) ezinkulu izifunda okuhlangene ((C) BIS), okungase kube izingcezu eziningana. acace kubo:

1. izindleko okuphansi (kusebenza ekukhiqizweni).
2. yokukhiqiza lula (omunye ubuchwepheshe);
3. Kuthatha isikhala kancane (ngamasentimitha square ambalwa noma ngisho amamilimitha angu) up.
4. nokwethenjelwa okuphezulu.
5. Yidla amandla kancane.

kudivayisi sekhompiyutha kakhulu incike ukwakhiwa bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo. Ngokulandelayo, zizogcinwa futhi ngaphansi Article izobuyekezwa izinhlobo ezintathu.

imisebenzi

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokho abazi ukunikeza. Ngakho, imisebenzi sekhompiyutha:

1. Funda futhi ususe okufakwe kwindawo imiyalo ukuthi zivela kwimemori main.
2. Uthola futhi icubungula izicelo ezivela adaptha mayelana inkonzo kumadivayisi angaphandle (izigqila).
3. Ukufunda idatha kusuka imemori futhi TR amarejista.
4. Dala amasignali control okuyinto ukusebenzisa nge nezinye ISIZINDA kanye amabhlogo ikhompyutha siqu.
5. Ukucubungula idatha futhi wenze ukungena inkumbulo main, kanye okubhalwe kuwo kumadivayisi angaphandle.

izici eziyinhloko microprocessor

Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezine:

1. Kancane.
2. Ukusebenza.
3. Uhlelo umyalo.
4. Umthamo wememori addressable.

microprocessors iqembu

Ziyakwazi ezintathu:

1. CISC. Kukhona iqoqo ngokugcwele imiyalo.
2. RISC. Kukhona encishisiwe imfundo set.
3. -Misc. Kukhona iqoqo ubuncane imiyalo, kodwa ngesivinini kakhulu lesi sigaba amadivayisi.

Microprocessors ezifana CISC

Zingase ukusebenza njengengxenye inethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Futhi kukhona kungenzeka eziningi futhi inkumbulo Ukuvikelwa. I microprocessors yalolu hlobo ungasebenza izindlela ezimbili: yangempela futhi ivikelwe. Eyokuqala ivumela multi-tasking, futhi ukufinyelela ngqo inkumbulo enwetshiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivikelwe kusuka zokungena okungagunyaziwe. In the mode yangempela kwenza ukulingisa ka microprocessor 8086 futhi kukhona umsebenzi owodwa inqubo.

Microprocessors RISC uhlobo

Limane nje imiyalo esetshenziswa kakhulu. Uma kudingeka, enze okuthile eziyinkimbinkimbi ekhiqizwa "inhlangano" ukusebenza kunesidingo. Ngesikhathi umyalo wachitha umjikelezo umshini kuphela eyodwa ngenxa ukubulawa okufanayo, futhi ukunqunywa yabo. Ukuze uqhathanise, ku CISC phezu kulencane uye abantu abaningi kangangokuthi abane.

Kuyini microprocessor?

It ezikhonjwe izingxenye ezimbili:

1. Ukusebenza. Ubunjwe control unit, logic izibalo kanye inkumbulo sekhompiyutha.
2. Interface. Ubunjwe ikheli usomqulu, izimbobo kanye wesifunda ukulawula ibhasi, nemiyalo block.

Okubalulekile yilona izakhiwo - inhlangano okunomqondo microprocessor, ebheka izimfanelo zaso, izakhiwo kanye nokwenzeka ukwakha isimiso Computing esekelwe kule divayisi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: CISC, RISC futhi-misc (lena uma sikhuluma amadivayisi jikelele). Ngakho, banayo amaqembu amaningana amarejista esebenza ntshashintshe ka kusengaphambili. Lokhu kukuvumela ukwenza imisebenzi ngokoqobo "pipelining". Lokhu kuba nomphumela omuhle ukusebenza ngempumelelo. PC sekhompiyutha ngokuvamile ukhonza iyunithi elilodwa kuphela - ngokwesibonelo, ikhibhodi.

Architecture CISC

Inxanxathela Ukufundiswa Setha Computer - iziyalezo ezidingekayo ukuze computer. Imininingwane microprocessor nge izakhiwo amiswa:

1. Sinenkosi inqwaba imiyalo, okuyinto zihlukaniswa ukusebenza kwabo, ubude nesakhiwo.
2. Abahlukahlukene ekhuluma ohlelweni.
3. Yethula eziyinkimbinkimbi esephepheni amaqembu.

Kuyini lokhu izakhiwo microprocessors? Lezi amadivayisi eziyinkimbinkimbi, main focus zazo ivuliwe ukusebenza.

RISC izakhiwo

Encishisiwe Instrucktion Setha Computer - imiyalelo iyunifomu for the computer. Imininingwane microprocessor nge izakhiwo amiswa:

1. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo lula imiyalo ohlelweni: konke format efanayo ngohlamvu elula. Idatha kusukela RAM ku irejista microprocessor kanye noHezekeli eshukunyiswa ukulayisha imiyalelo.
2. Naphezu speed eliphezulu idatha microprocessors ungaba iphansana iwashi izinga nezinga engezansi ukuhlanganiswa we VLSI wesifunda.
3. Imiyalo ukukhiqiza ukucindezeleka kuyancipha phezu RAM.
4. Kodwa izinhlelo umsebenzi kokulungisa amaphutha ku RISC kuyinto eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalelo ku CISC.
5. Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa isimiso esifanayo kuze CISC.

Architecture-misc

Ukufundiswa yezinhloso eziningi Setha Computer - imiyalelo yezinhloso eziningi yokulawula ikhompyutha. Ingabe ngomzamo ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo CISC futhi RISC. Lapha, base isici libuthene ezivela ezingxenyeni ngabanye (kaningi ezihlanganiswe izindlu olulodwa):

1. The main ingxenye. Kususelwa izakhiwo RISC.
2. I Olwandisekayo ingxenye. Kuyinto exhunyiwe ukuphathwa ROM firmware.

Uhlelo ozuza izakhiwo CISC. Ngakho, nemiyalo eyisisekelo ziphathwa ngesisekelo olunikezwa RISC. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona isandiso, okuyinto "kudala" firmware. Isisekelo RISC owenza yonke imiyalo umjikelezo owodwa. Futhi isandiso Lisebenzisa isethi eyinkimbinkimbi imiyalo. Ngenxa yokuba khona ROM aqede Ububi imishini RISC, lapho ulimi okusezingeni eliphezulu esiphezulu ihlanganiswe ikhodi ukusebenza, isivele uguqulwa futhi livulekele uMklami. Yilokho microprocessors futhi izakhiwo ezinjalo kufanele babe ngokuya izakhiwo ukwakhiwa yabo.

isiphetho

Uyini microprocessors nokuthi kusenhliziyweni wokusebenza wabo - siye sibuyekezwe. Yiqiniso, ukuqonda ukuthi zonke ezicashile lezi amadivaysi, kudingeka achithe isikhathi esiningi futhi ungayazi incwadi futhi iqoqo izinkulumo. Kodwa isisekelo kakade.