Kuyini lwesigodi? Izici zezigodi ngendlela isibonelo isiRashiya, isi-German kanye English

Uma sikhuluma ngalokho lwesigodi, ngokuyinhloko kudingekile ukuchaza eside. Kusukela Greek "dialektos" lihumusha ngokuthi "isandiso". Kusho into efanayo - uhlobo lwendawo ibizwa ngokuthi ulimi, esetshenziselwa kuphela inani elilinganiselwe labantu. ngokuvamile kuhilela noma umphakathi indawo noma emsebenzini noma emphakathini.

Izici futhi ngokucacile

Ekhuluma ngaleso, yini lwesigodi, kufanele kuphawulwe eziningana izici ezibalulekile. Esokuqala siwukuthi labo zezigodi okuyizinto indawo, ibonisa emasikweni kwezilimi abantu. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho lezi zezigodi yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ulimi kazwelonke. Akhuluma isikali ehlukene zensimu, ehlanganisa. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi ukwakha lwesigodi of esifundeni. Futhi bathi, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ngisho ngaphakathi dolobhana. Kuyini lwesigodi ezihlobene professional mkhakha womsebenzi? Nantu uhlobo esihlanganisa ngolimi lwaso mayelana abantu abangamalungu uhlobo olufanayo Umsebenzi noma ubungcweti. Futhi ekugcineni, amagama ambalwa mayelana lwesigodi nomphakathi. Yena uhlukile eqenjini elithile labantu. Nokho, hhayi ubuka yokuthi igama elithi "lwesigodi" lunezimpawu ezimbalwa nezincazelo, izazi zolimi futhi Philologists yilo eside ehloselwe lonke uhlelo. Kuyinto ahlukahlukene ukuze ngisho akha isayensi ngokuthi dialectology. Ubelokhu ukuhlolisisa lokho kuyinto lwesigodi of ngokucacile yayo, imvelaphi kanye nezinye izici.

zezigodi Germany

Germany - hhayi ezweni esikhulu kangaka, uma thina ukuqhathanise Russia, kodwa lwesigodi kuyinto omningi. Basonta indawo. Phela, Germany uhlukaniswe 16 uthi, futhi abantu ngamunye wabo is zihlukaniswa lwesigodi lalo. Ngokwesibonelo, eningizimu yezwe, esikhundleni "s" wamemezela 'Sch ". Ngokusho lokhu lwesigodi kulula ukunquma ukuthi umuntu odabuka Stuttgart futhi Reutlingen. Nokho, uma zezigodi German Ungaqonda ukuthi Abantu bathi ukuhlukanisa Okhahlamba kanye nezakhamuzi kwamanye amazwe abakhuluma isiJalimane, usadinga sifunde ukuqonda. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu zivela Switzerland esikhundleni "e" ekugcineni ukubeka "i": "Spätzle" - "Spätzli", "Grüßle" - "Grüßli" njll AmaJalimane Wik (ikakhulukazi bavarians) ohluke buviyoviyo. Akumangazi ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi abakwazi ukuqonda northerners.

isithakazelo Professional ngolimi Russian

Ezilimini isiRashiya - kungcono ngokuphelele inkinga ehlukile. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ziningi kangakanani izinto kuyinto ezilapho. Yingakho imixhantela Russian abanesifiso enjalo ososayensi abaziwayo njengoba Dahl, Lomonosov, Trediakovskii. Okuningi kudala ngekhulu XIX ngu academician Uhlelo nesibongo Sreznevsky ukufunda imininingwane isiRashiya yasungulwa. Encwadini yakhe ethi, wakhokha omningi ukunakwa Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le lwesigodi. Ososayensi ukuphakamisa ngisho ukuthuthukisa "ulimi ikhadi, zezigodi kanye nezilimi zezigodi." Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuphawulwe, isithakazelo ezilimini Russian yabangela ukuba abaningi, hhayi kuphela kwi-ososayensi kusukela CIS amazwe, kodwa futhi kusukela ongoti angaphandle.

Ucwaningo lwesayensi ezilimi eziyimixhantela Russian kanye ngezigaba zabo

Ngemva lokhu kwaqala ukuthuthukisa okuthiwa geography namalimi wemiphakathi. Kubonisa ngokucacile izici ulimi - ngokuqondile kumephu. Futhi manje, emva kwesikhashana, ekhulwini XX seluqalile uhlelo nokutadisha okunzulu ezilimi eziyimixhantela futhi sub-sigodzi. Northern lwesigodi kuyahluka liphinyiselwe "o" kanzima "g". Southerners, kunalokho, unganqikazi ukwaba "a" futhi ukuthambisa "t" zalo. A uhlobo "kusho osemqoka" uwukuthi Central zezigodi Russian, okuyinto ihlanganisa izici lwesigodi lwaseningizimu ye nasenyakatho. Nazo ngokufanayo, zihlukaniswe empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Nokho, uma eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, sigodzi Russian babe razlichaemy, kunjalo nanamuhla, "esehlelembe". ulimi Modern Russian kancane kancane ozuza izici etemibhalo kanye nezilimi zezigodi esebohlile ubala. Nakuba emizaneni nasemadolobheni amancane Basaba ungezwakala. Nokho, wayesekhona kakade ziyizenzo ngokwengeziwe elingenziwanga lwesigodi indawo futhi nomphakathi.

Zezigodi ngesibonelo ngolimi lwesiNgisi

IsiZulu ingenye emhlabeni wonke ezivamile. It sikhulunywa amashumi ezigidi zabantu. Ngakho, imixhantela isiZulu baningi futhi ezihlukahlukene. Ekuqaleni kwamiswa zezigodi ngenxa ukunwetshwa zoMbuso WaseBrithani. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ithonya US emazwekazini ezizungezile. Imixhantela ezivamile waseBrithani nowaseMelika. Njengoba iningi abakhuluma isiNgisi abantu (langema-70) uhlala e-US, kuba lwesigodi yokugcina baba ethandwa kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuvamile, kukhona imixhantela eminingi, futhi ngamunye wabo igama lalo. Lokhu Scouse (e Liverpool) kanye uGeordie (Newcastle), Yola (ulimi efile, okuyinto ahlukaniswa isiNgisi, obabukhona Ephakathi), Chicano, Vermont - futhi kuphela ezimbalwa eziningi zezigodi. Ireland, eScotland, naseWales, eNgilandi, i-United States - lezi kanye nezinye izizwe eziningi kukhona amazwe abakhuluma isiNgisi, futhi yonke indawo bakhulume ngezindlela ezingafani. Ngakho-ke, kokunquma ukuqala ukufunda ulimi, kufanele uzinqumela kulokho lwesigodi kufanele aqondiswe.