Kuyini inhlabathi? Funda indlela yokwakheka inhlabathi

Kuyini inhlabathi? Kunengqondo elula. Sonke siyazi ukuthi kuyini. Nsuku zonke senza ukuhamba ngayo, etshalwe izitshalo wakhe, okuyinto kusinika sokuvuna. Thina zalisa phansi, umbe ke. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ukwazi ukuzwa ukuthi izwe nenzalo. Kodwa yini esiyaziyo mayelana inhlabathi ngempela? Ezimweni eziningi, kuphela ukuthi ungqimba eyayibaluleke ka komhlaba. Futhi akusiwona kangaka. Ake sibheke izingxenye zezwe, njengoba kungaba futhi kwakhiwa kanjani it is.

Ukwakheka inhlabathi

Ngakho, umhlabathi - phezulu evundile ungqimba inhlabathi. It siqukethe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene. Kuyo, ngaphezu Particulate ndaba zihlanganisa umoya namanzi, nezinto eziphilayo ngisho ophilayo. Empeleni lona wamuva ukudlala indima eqakathekileko lasungulwa. Ngu nezilwanyana ezincane incike ngezinga lokuzala. Ngokuvamile, inhlabathi siqukethe izigaba. Okuqinile, uketshezi, gaseous futhi "bukhoma" Ake sihlaziye lokho izingxenye basuke kwakhiwa.

zihlanganisa namaminerali ehlukahlukene izakhi zamakhemikhali ukuze izinhlayiya okuqinile. I Ukwakheka inhlabathi kuhlanganisa pheze yonke ishadi lesikhathi, kodwa lokuhlala ehlukene. Kusukela degree of ingxenye particulate inhlabathi okuzala kuncike. Izingxenye ketshezi zibizwa futhi ngokuthi ikhambi inhlabathi. Lokhu amanzi, okuyinto kuyasiqeda izakhi zamakhemikhali. Lolu ketshezi kuyinto, ngisho ehlane nenhlabathi, kodwa senani khona ngalelo nani eliwubala.

Ngakho, liyini enhlabathini, ngaphezu kwalezi zingxenye eziyisisekelo? Isikhala phakathi izingxenye gaseous egcwele izinhlayiya okuqinile. Inhlabathi emoyeni siqukethe umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, isikhutha organic compounds. Ngenxa yakhe ezweni kukhona izinqubo ezihlukahlukene, njenge kwezimila nokubuna zezitshalo izimpande. Izinto eziphilayo - isikhunta, ama-bacterium, ezingenamgogodla kanye ulwelwe - ezizibandakanyile enqubeni inhlabathi kwetinhlavu kanye kakhulu ukushintsha oyiyo, ethula izakhi zamakhemikhali.

isimo somhlabathi Mechanical

Kuyini enhlabathini, manje sobala. Kodwa kungaba isakhiwo eyohlobo? Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi inhlabathi lihlukile. Kungaba anesihlabathi clayey noma omahhadla. Ngakho, umhlabathi kwakhiwa izinhlayiya letingemasayizi lahlukene. isakhiwo sayo kungafaka ezinkulu omkhulu nokusanhlamvu encane esihlabathini. Ngokuvamile, izinhlayiya emhlabathini, zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana: ubumba, daka, isihlabathi futhi amatshe. Kubalulekile wezolimo. Lokho isimo somhlabathi inquma degree umzamo kufanele usetshenziswe ukuze bayisebenze. Futhi-ke kuxhomeke ekutheni ukufunde kahle kangakanani izwe liyokuveza amunca umswakama. emhlabathini omuhle iqukethe amaphesenti alinganayo isihlabathi nobumba. Leli zwe libizwa loam. Uma isihlabathi kancane, phansi crumbly futhi kulula ukusebenza. Kodwa ngenkathi inhlabathi enjalo azigcina amanzi kancane futhi namaminerali. Clay kutsho manzi futhi okunamathelayo. It is kahle akhanywa. Kodwa kunjalo, iqukethe umsoco kakhulu.

Indima nezilwanyana ezincane ukwakheka inhlabathi

On the izingxenye umhlabathi zincike impahla yayo. Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukuthi inquma izinga layo. Out efileyo futhi isitshalo uhlala emhlabathini iwe izinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kungenxa nezilwanyana ezincane - saprophytes. Badlala indzima lebalulekile nenqubo yokubola. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo unamandla inhlabathi luyakha okuthiwa humus. Le into kuyinto umbala brown amnyama. Ukwakheka humus yakhiwa okunamafutha acid esters, phenolic ezibangela, futhi acid carboxylic. Ngo izinhlayiya inhlabathi le nto ethe njo kanye ubumba. It kuvela isakhiwo esisodwa. Humus ezithuthukisa umhlaba. Kuthuthukisa ikhono layo ukuze alondoloze umswakama namaminerali. I marshland humus mass imfundo kuyinto kancanekancane. izinsalela Organic kancane onomfutho Peat.

Inqubo inhlabathi ukwakheka

kwakhiwa inhlabathi kancane. Ukuze wakhe kwakukhona buyekeza egcwele engxenyeni amaminerali cishe 1 imitha, udinga okungenani iminyaka engu-10 eyinkulungwane. Lokho lokho okwenza inhlabathi - imikhicito operation okuqhubekayo umoya namanzi. Ngakho lapho kukhona umhlabathi?

Lena ngokuyinhloko izinhlayiya edwaleni. Ziyakwazi ngesisekelo inhlabathi. Ngaphansi kwethonya nesimo sezulu, bachotshozwe nechobozekile sokuxazulula emhlabathini. Kancane kancane, kule nhlabathi amaminerali ugcwale nezilwanyana ezincane ukuthi by kabusha izinsalela organic, ukwakha humus kuwo. Ezingenamgogodla, njalo breaking ngokusebenzisa e uhamba yakhe, ukuliqaqa, sandla aeration ezinhle.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinguquko isimo somhlabathi, kuba evunde kakhudlwana. Futhi, le nqubo kuthonywa isitshalo. Agcwala, bathuthukisa inhlabathi udaba eziphilayo, ukushintsha microclimate yayo. On umhlabathi kumiswa inomthelela umsebenzi womuntu. Uyasihlakulela futhi icubungula umhlaba. Futhi uma umhlabathi yakhiwa izingxenye nenzalo, indoda ivundisa wakhe, okwenza kokubili amaminerali kanye ukuvundiswa organic.

Ukwahlukanisa inhlabathi Ukwakheka

Ngokuvamile, ngezigaba esezingeni nenhlabathi okwamanje ayikho. Kodwa namanje wanquma ukuhlanganyela Ukwakheka yabo mechanical ngemacembu eziningana. Lokhu ngokwahlukana kubalulekile ikakhulukazi kwezolimo. Ngakho, ngezigaba kusekelwe indlela inhlabathi yakhiwa ubumba:

- isihlabathi okuxekethile (ngaphansi kwama-5%);

- isihlabathi lebumbene (5-10%);

- loamy isihlabathi (11-20%);

- loamy (21-30%);

- srednesuglinistye (31-45%);

- loamy (46-60%);

- ubumba (ngaphezu kuka-60%).

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi inhlabathi "evundile ngokuthi"?

Lokho kuyingxenye yini inhlabathi kuthinta degree wenzalo. Kodwa yini eyenza ngezwe uqobo lwalo? Inhlabathi Ukwakheka kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Lo moya, kanye nenala izitshalo, futhi khona izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuwo. Konke lokhu kuthinta ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwenhlabathi. Lapho izingxenye equkethwe enhlabathini, futhi kuncike degree wenzalo. Very ewusizo umkhiqizo okusezingeni eliphezulu ezibhekwa izingxenye amaminerali ezifana ne-calcium, i-nitrogen, ithusi, i-potassium, i-magnesium ne phosphorus. Lezi izinto ungene phansi ngesikhathi noqhekeko izinsalela organic. Uma inhlabathi ecebile compounds amaminerali, kuba evundile. Kuyoba eziqhakaza izitshalo ngamandla. Lokhu inhlabathi ekahle kakhulu yokutshala izimila zemifino nezithelo.