Lapho kukhona ese? Nezilwane Rainforest. Isimo sezulu imvula tropical

amahlathi emvula - ". Omkhulu Land ekhemisi" a "ukukhanya" zomhlaba, engcebweni eyigugu kakhulu, Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi kukholakala ukuthi kuzala izindodla i-oksijini, kodwa kwakungenjalo, kepha isimo manzi ikhuthaza nasici emoyeni filtration futhi ukuhlanzwa ukungcola. Kule ndawo uyakhula eziningi izitshalo zokwelapha, okuyinto kabanzi abantu futhi imithi esemthethweni. Lapho zikhula Emahlathini emvula, ikhaya lenqwaba zezinyoni, carnivores, artiodactyla, izidalwa ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni, ngandlela-thile ukuhlangana endaweni efanayo, abahambi amangazayo kaningi yayo.

Ukusabalala amahlathi emvula

Uma kuba sobala lapho ese ukhule uma wachaza ukuthi hlobo "ahaqe" iplanethi ngezinga yenkabazwe. Basuke etholakala enkabazwe zinomswakama omile asezindaweni ezishisayo, esipholile esishintshashintshayo subequatorial, emelela umugqa ecacile, kuphazamisekile kuphela ezintabeni nezilwandlekazi. Kuye emoyeni lokushisa kanye nezinguquko kwezulu kwezimila. indawo Rainy embozwe flora siluhlaza, izifunda uya woma libhekene lezihlahla, eyalandelwa amahlathi endawo eyihlanze. Njengoba eNingizimu Melika, nase-Afrika zitholakala inkathi yezimvula entshonalanga, empumalanga - eyihlanze, futhi phakathi - ezisenkabazwe.

amazinga ihlathi

Incazelo Rainforest uzobe kangcono ngokuyihlukanisa izigaba. amazinga ayisisekelo ezine ungabahlukanisa. I esikhulu - kuyinto isihlahla esihlale siluhlaza kufika ku-70 m abade, izigqoko oluhlaza ngokuvamile kuphela kuvela phezulu, kodwa kusukela ngezansi - iziqu elingenalutho. Lezi ziqhwaga ngaphandle kwezinkinga zingamelana iziphepho, lokushisa ukweqisa, ukufihla ezinye imikhakha kusukela sezulu. Ikhaya main lapha - Eagles, izimvemvane, amalulwane. Khona-ke kukhona semithi ehlathini sakhiwa nge 45-foot izihlahla. Izinga ubhekwa Imiqhele onhlobonhlobo, iqukethe mayelana 25% azo zonke izinhlobo izinambuzane. Ososayensi bayavumelana ngokuthi uma 40% azo zonke izinhlobo isitshalo emhlabeni kukhona kule uqimba, nakuba bengayiqondi ngokugcwele.

UPetru uqhubeka athini liphakeme Ngokwesilinganiso, ebizwa ngokuthi understory, lapho ukuphila izinyoka izinyoni, izibankwa, izinambuzane, futhi, isibalo esikhulu. Ngezinye uqimba udoti kukhona izinsalela zezilwane nezitshalo abolile. ngokuhlukana okunjalo zigcwele yonk 'indawo ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, ehlathini - amahlathi yeNingizimu Melika - uyahlukaniswa yaba amazinga amathathu. Eyokuqala - utshani, izitshalo ongaphakeme, Izinhlobo, kanti eyesibili - umhlanga, izihlahla ongaphakeme, izihlahla abasha, kanti eyesithathu - imitha-40 izihlahla okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukusuka lapho, lapho kukhona ese bathembele linqoba kulezi izinhlobo yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, imihlume ezivamile zindawo enkabazwe kanye ezishisayo izindawo olwandle bands seashores. Lapha izitshalo zikhule ejwayele ukwenza ngaphandle oksijini nokuzwakala kakhulu enhlabathini okunosawoti. izimpande zabo simondzawo esihle kakhulu indawo yemvelo oyster, ezinamagobolondo, zinhlobo inhlanzi commercial. Emithambekeni esifundeni kwenkungu ukufingqa noma inkungu moss ezikhulayo amahlathi ongaphakeme ejwayelekile okushisa ebusuku.

Ezindaweni ezinesomiso ubuswa endawo eyihlanze kanye imvula, kodwa ezomile. Izitshalo kukhona siluhlaza, kodwa xeromorphic futhi undersized. Ezindaweni nezinezimo enkabazwe kanye elishisayo elinesimo sezulu obuhlukahlukene sikhule amahlathi variable-ezinomswakama nobuntu kombhede lezihlahla kanye esincane nemivini epiphytes. Zitholakala eNingizimu Melika, i-Afrika, Sri Lanka, India kanye Indochina.

Isimo sezulu imvula tropical

Ngo tropical amahlathi emvula lokushisa amabanga kusuka 20 ° C kuya ku-35 ° C, imvula lapha cishe nsuku zonke, ngakho-nomswakama kugcinwa at 80%, kanti kwezinye izindawo njengoba eliphezulu 100%. Esikhathini ezisondelene nazo kungekho seasonality, isici lokushisa ukuzinza. Emithambekeni lapho inkungu nasemkhakheni ukushisa emini, futhi mhlawumbe ebusuku Ukupholisa abukhali ukuze 0 ° C. Isimo sezulu amahlathi emvula iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo. Ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama ongaphakeme, eziningi umswakama senkabazwe kanti lishisa kakhulu, futhi indawo sezulu subequatorial incike yezimvula.

izihlahla zasezindaweni ezishisayo

Izihlahla kwamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo zihluke kakhulu ezincwadini esipholile sezulu izihlahla. On the isici ukuthuthukiswa yabo ehlaselwe izimo zezulu, ngoba enkabazwe kukhona seasonality, lina cishe nsuku zonke, futhi izinga lokushisa umoya 25-35 ° C. Uma imidondoshiya Russian etshalwa eminyaka futhi kukhona ngokwanele iminyaka 10-15. Uhlobo ngalunye isihlahla indlwana amaqabunga ayo ngesikhathi ngokuqinile enqunyelwe isikhathi, kungase kube kabili ngonyaka, kanye eminyakeni 2-3. Bona eziqhakaza kakhulu, noma nini uma befuna, abameleli abaningi flora imibala elimnandi kanye kweyishumi. Imithi amaqabunga amakhulu obunesikhumba, uqine ngokwanele ukumelana enamandla eshaweni ukugeleza. Ezindaweni ezishisa likhula angaphezu kuka-600 zama-bamboo, a chocolate isihlahla, umuthi esigxotsheni, Marang, Jackfruit, breadfruit, umango nabanye.

izihlahla nezitshalo ezokudabuka kwamanye

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu impikiswano kuyinto umbuzo ukuthi ikhona yini i-ungqimba imvula izihlahlana. Esikhathini esishintshashintshayo nakwezifudumele futhi athokomele kuba, kodwa bhé - akukho. Yiqiniso, zikhona abamele ngiyocasha ehlathini, kodwa zimbalwa futhi ezingeni yabo siqu, babekwa ungawakhi. Nabo sikhule herbaceous fanerofity ekulondolozeni bavela koyedwa iminyaka eminingana, futhi nezihlahla efanele. Lezi zihlanganisa amalungu emikhaya stsitaminovyh, Maratova nobhanana. nezihlahla Abaningi babo basemasontweni amaqabunga bipartite babe ezinkulu, kodwa emnene.

amakhambi imvula

Lapho zikhula Emahlathini emvula, ubuswa amaqembu amabili amakhambi: umthunzi-onothando futhi umthunzi-ukubekezela. Eyokuqala uncamela sikhule kakhulu ezindaweni ukubopha, kanti isixuku esikhulu bayakwazi ukuthuthukisa evamile ngaphansi avaliwe ihlathi kombhede. Qaphela ukuthi ngisho lapha kubusa ntambama sekuhwalele, ngoba imisebe yelanga ungathola ngokusebenzisa imiqhele eminingi kwezihlahla. izitshalo herbaceous ezindaweni ezishisayo akuzona eziningi kangaka, phakathi kwabo ubuswa ezinjengohlinzamfuku, utshani, Selaginella. Ukuze utshani iDemo kuzomele sifake fanerofity, ngeziqu zazo ayikashintshi iminyaka eminingi. Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana vneyarusnyh izitshalo: epiphytes, imivini, ekunqandeni izimuncagazi, oklinyayo.

ezishisayo izinyoni

Amahlathi intombi kukhona ekhaya emangalisayo enhle, elikhanyayo, nge engavamile inyoni ukubukeka. Njalo ingxenye eyodwa izwe ukuziqhayisa ezinye izinyoni ngezinhlobo zawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezishisayo-Asiya turac bukhoma ngokubukeka ziyafana partridges, inkudlwana kuphela. Bagijima okusheshayo, ngakho uma ingozi, musa suka, nokuthi kukhona amabutho skedaddle. Kula mahlathi kuhlala ekhaya ukuze khuhla izikhukhukazi, pheasants, lamaphigaga Regal. Ngo ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika zingatholakala tinamous - ezimbi flying inyoni nge imilenze esifushane kodwa onamandla kakhulu. Hhayi-ke, ungabhekana kanjani ngokuphumelelayo awukhumbule zopholi elikhanyayo, bejabule futhi ikhuluma, ngaphandle okungekhona ezishisayo kanye ezishisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enkabazwe, siphile izithelo ijuba, trogony, Iziqophamithi, flycatcher, hornbills. Emahlathini ase-Amazon kukhona hummingbird, tanagers, cocks enamadwala, kotingi nabanye abaningi.

izilwane

Nezilwane Rainforest kuthinta ukwehluka nezinhlobo zalo ukujula. Inombolo enkulu iqembu lezimfene ezihlala okusezingeni eliphezulu emithini futhi ekukhukhumaleni njengomuzi ongangeneki. Ezithakazelisa kakhulu wabo - ke tsebidy, callitrichidae futhi arachnids omkhaya. Igrunkoobraznye libhekene usayizi encane kakhulu, ubude befinyelela akukho kuka-15 cm, tsebidy kungaba ngizibonge umsila omude, okuyinto basuke benza ukuba igatsha kanye spider izinkawu babe nemilenze nezimo futhi eside.

Kodwa nezilwane kwamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo akugcini izinkawu, kuhlala Nesambane, Kumabheja, izingungumbane. Phakathi izilwane ezidla ezinye ubuswa ikati - jaguar, jaguarundi, ocelots, panther, kusukela umndeni inja - inja spray. Kukhona ungulates - tapir, izinyamazane spitserogie. amahlathi emvula futhi unothile namagundane - opossum, opossum, amalulwane, agouti.

izilwane zasemhlabeni ezishisayo

Ziningi izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezihuquzelayo kanye ehlathini lemvula. Izithombe exotic izinyoka, amasele, izingwenya, Unwabu, izibankwa behlala ndawonye bengashadile akusashiwo kubhekwe ezingavamile. Amphibians zitholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, kodwa abaningi kakhulu laligujwa emahlathini emvula, njengoba bakhangwa ukushisa kanye umswakama. Enkabazwe bahlala hhayi kuphela emanzini kodwa futhi izihlahla, ku axils amaqabunga emigodini. Ezindaweni ezishisa ekhaya ukuze salamanders, nezinyoka eziningi ezinobuthi elikhulu okwandile amanzi nezwe Anaconda boa constrictor.

izinambuzane

Nakuba ezinye izilwane bahlala Rainforest, kuthathwa ukuthi izinambuzane Awekho ngaphansi ezicacile, engavamile futhi iyingozi. Lezi zilwanyana ezincane bakhangwa imfudumalo ezishisayo, umswakama high futhi ezihlukahlukene ukudla - izinsalela zezilwane nezitshalo eziningi. Enkabazwe, ungathola izinyosi evamile neminyovu lapha kuphela zihlukaniswa usayizi omkhudlwana futhi elikhanyayo, ngemibala egqamile kithi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abamele nge imilenze emide, amaphiko okwesibhakabhaka kanye ipotimende elikhulu, bayakwazi yokulawula beetle esikhulu izicabucabu. nezihlahla Ziningi iziqu evuvukele - lokhu intuthwane esidlekeni. Izintuthwane ukuvikela izitshalo ezindaweni ezishisayo, iqabunga-idla ukudla izinambuzane.

Amabhungane indima ebalulekile ekuphileni Rainforest kungukuthi ukudlala, kodwa zonke isihambi uzobe umxhwele ezihlukahlukene zabo nokwehluka. Lezi zinambuzane Uyi umhlobiso engokwemvelo kule ndawo godforsaken. Yiqiniso, umuntu akakwazi bayakhohlwa izimvemvane ezishisayo, kuphela eNingizimu Melika, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700 zama-lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo. Izilwane kanye nezitshalo kwamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo Uyi ekhethekile, abantu abangaziwa zomhlaba. Abacwaningi ngonyaka wenze indlela yabo ezijulile emahlozini, ukuphakamisa ngomgubuzelo imfihlakalo, agcina kule ndawo, ukuthola uhlobo olusha yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.