Kuyini i-wat? I-Angkor Wat iyisici esihle semasiko ase-Asia

Uma sicabangela izikhumbuzo zokwakhiwa kweBuddhism, singabheka ngeso lengqondo lokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi kanye nokungafani kwazo ezintweni zobuKristu. Inkolo, engavumi ukuba khona konkulunkulu, ayibani indima ebalulekile ekuphileni komuntu.

UbuBuddha abuqapheli idwala futhi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuphela kwabantu kuxhomeke emizamweni yabo siqu. Inkolo, eshumayela okungapheli kwendawo yonke, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yedwa-insindiso. Uqinisekisa ukungafani phakathi kukaNkulunkulu noBuddha, ethi lo mfundi akalokothi ajezise umuntu.

Imibono eyinhloko mayelana nokwehlukana kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokuzalwa kabusha emhlabeni nasemhlabeni emva kokufa azibonakalwanga nje ezinganekwane, emisebenzini yomculo, kodwa nasezindaweni zokwakha zenkolo.

I-Buddhist Architecture

Ngesikhathi sokuqala kobuBuddhism, amathempeli amancane omhumbo asakazeka, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwakune sidingo sokwakha izakhiwo ezinkulu nezindawo eziningi. Isiqhingi saseBuddhist sokuqala sakhiwa indawo engatholakali, ngakho-ke izikhonzi zazizodwa futhi akukho lutho olungavimbela ukuzindla.

Izakhiwo zenkolo ezenziwe ngokugcwele ziyi-stupas, uhlobo lwezakhiwo oluvela emagqumeni angama-funerary. Bakhuliswa njengombonakaliso wokuhlonipha oshonile. AmaBuddha ngokwabo akholelwa ukuthi le stupa ifihla amandla okuhle kuphela.

Ebukeka njengemibhoshongo noma i-hemispheres, kwakhiwe izitini namatshe. Ezingxenyeni ezinamathele ezinhlangothi zonke, izinto eziyigugu nezihlonishwayo zitholakala, futhi eziphakathi nendawo kaBuddha zaba uphawu lwe-nirvana.

Kuyini i-wat?

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngethempeli elidumile lethempeli, elingenalo elilinganayo ngobukhulu balo obukhethekile. Ukugcina izimfihlo ezingaxazululwa, isimangaliso esibangelwayo senza isithakazelo esifanayo phakathi kwezivakashi kanye nososayensi.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukukhuluma ngakho, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi. Lokhu akuyona nje ithempeli ngokwayo, kodwa konke okuyinkimbinkimbi, okubandakanya i-monastery, i-bell imibhoshongo, amahhotela kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ezihamba ngezinyawo, izibhedlela, izikole. Okusho ukuthi, leli dolobha langempela enezakhiwo ngezinhloso ezehlukene, ivaliwe ebusweni futhi livinjelwe ngamadonga. Inhloso yalo enkulu ukukhonza inkolo.

Igama elithi "wat" lihunyushwe kanjani?

Iyini "wat" ekuhunyushweni esuka eSanskrit? Igama lisho ukuthi "izwe elihlanganisiwe", ngaleyo ndlela kubonisa ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo. Kusukela ngolimi lokuqala lwePali lihunyushwe ngokuthi "indawo yethempeli" futhi liphethe incazelo ebanzi. Ngendlela, ngolimi lwamaKhmer kunegama elithi "ukugcoba", enye yezincazelo zokuthi "ukuncoma" noma "ukukhulekela".

Manje kuyacaca ukuthi yikuphi ukotini nokuthi kungani lezi zakhiwo, ezaziwa ngobuhle bazo ezikhethekile, ezingavamile, zikhangisa kakhulu kuzo zonke izihambi.

Intshisekelo Engavamile

Isibonakaliso sokuziqhenya kwezwe lesiKhmer ngenye yezindlela ezingavamile kakhulu eziseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Cambodia, futhi isakhiwo senkolo yasendulo. I-Angkor Wat, ehlanganisa amahektha angaphezu kuka-200, ayinakho okufanayo emasiko ezwe.

Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, esakhiwe kuqala njengokuzinikezela kunkulunkulu uVishnu, akakaze athole izixuku zabahambeli, kodwa wakhiwa njengendawo yokuhlala indawo yonkulunkulu. Enye yezinhloso zakhe kuyimingcwabo, ngoba amakhosi angcwatshwa kuwo. Izakhiwo eziyinhloko zazihloswe ukuvakashela kuphela izikhulu ezingokomoya kanye neziphathimandla zesimo seKhmer.

Ngemuva kuka-1432, amakholi aseBuddhist aqala ukuphendula ithempeli lamaHindu , elihlala kulo manje.

Ukuzenzekela koMhlaba

Ekuqaleni, amaHindu, futhi kamuva kwakhiwa izakhiwo zasemadolobheni, izindawo zokuthenga ezitolo zasendlini kanye nenkosi yasebukhosini, okungekho okwamanje okushiwo khona. Ukwakhiwa kwamanqanaba amathathu ngamamitha angu-65 ubude nenani elikhulu lezitebhisi, izingqungquthelwane nezemibukiso, efana nephiramidi enkulu ehlanganisa indawo yonke, enezinqaba eziyisihlanu ezibukeka zikhumbuza ama-cobs e-corn.

Izibalo eziqondile

Ikhophi encane yeModeli yoMhlaba, eyenza umqondo ongenakulinganiswa, ibonakala njengenye yezakhiwo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu emhlabeni.

Amatshe aqoshiwe, okuvela kuso isimangaliso esenziwe ngumuntu, ngaphandle kwesigxobo esisodwa, sasihambisana ngokulinganayo, futhi akukho sidakamizwa esasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubeka. Futhi lokhu kungenye yezimfihlakalo zethempelini: akucaci ukuthi lezibalo zezibalo eziqondile zenziwa kanjani emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, nokuthi ukufakwa kwezinhlaka eziningi ze-tonal kwenziwa kanjani.

Imfihlakalo engaxazululwa

Idolobha elikhulu-ithempeli lika-Angkor Wat lashiywa abantu eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-500 edlule. Izimila eziqhwayo zasendle zazingenisa, kanti isikhathi esibuhlungu nesimo sezulu esihlambulukanga asizange sikhulume ukudala isiko sase-Asia, siyihlanekezele. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi kungani izakhamuzi zashiya idolobha, nakuba abaningi abacwaningi baseKhmer bebelokhu bezama ukuphakamisa lesi sigqoko, kodwa kuze kube manje abaphumelelanga.

Ngemuva kuka-1992, indawo ye-UNESCO Yamagugu Ezwe Yezakhiwo Zethempelini yaqala ukuvuselelwa, futhi manje iyakwamukela abahambi abafuna ukujabulela imibono enemibala emnandi kakhulu.