Ithiyori Maslow sika

Akwaziwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela izidingo Maslow masinyane amehlo ububanzi kusukela yesayensi umphakathi, abamaphephandaba yomphakathi. Awukwazi ukuphendula ngisho ngokucacile umbuzo kungani eye uthandwa kangaka. Noma sibonga incazelo kunalokho yasekuqaleni yesayensi ezingokoqobo senhlalo nesomnotho ukuhlangana nezwe lesimanje, noma ngokwanele ukwelashwa mahhala kuya izimiso ukuhlaziywa yesayensi, ngenxa yalokho eseke, kwezinye degree, ihlazo.

Abrahama Maslow - wezengqondo waseMelika odumile kwekhulu elidlule wabeka izisekelo bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe phakathi nawo-kwamashumi amahlanu, inkathi kokuntengantenga ezibucayi-social science, okuyinto wayezizwa ngayo ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II futhi akakwazanga ukuphendula imibuzo ayibuzwa ngokuphathelene indima yomuntu kwi-umphakathi post-zezimboni asathuthuka. Umsebenzi oyinhloko usosayensi - "Motivation and Personality" - baba uhlobo umzamo uhlaziye le simiso yezenhlalakahle ubudlelwane e kohlaka okutjha okubuya, okokuqala kunakho konke, ngokoqobo kwezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Maslow baba abameleli ethandwa zezingxenye eziningi zesayensi ulwazi, osomnotho, zezenhlalo, odokotela bengqondo. Kakhulu, eliqinile ke ongene ezinye wezifundo zezombusazwe yokwakha, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni lapho usosayensi udonsa iziphetho ezisekelwe isidingo ukugqugquzela ngendlela elukhuni ubudlelwane kwezepolitiki ngenxa yentuthuko ezinzile kwezomnotho kwamazwe.

Ngendlela elula, the Maslow umqondo kufanele inikezwe njengoba imfundiso ehlanganisa izimfundiso ezimbili sasivumela ezimele.

Eyokuqala wabo - imfundiso yokuziphendukela isigaba sabefundisi izidingo - iye yatha- kakhulu ekuthuthukeni imodeli post-zezimboni ukuthuthukiswa, eziphelele kakhulu kubonakala imfundiso lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi isimo nenhlalakahle, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, uye waba ziyingxenye esemqoka yemfundo kwezomnotho yesimanje njengengxenye ukuhlaziywa komnotho omkhulu.

Esinye isici esibangela ifa ngokwesayensi - ubuntu theory ka Maslow sika, ogxile umbono wentuthuko siqu esekelwe isigaba sabefundisi izidingo zomuntu. ukubaluleka kwalo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi Maslow wakwazi ukuchitha ukuqonda ngempela zomlando nezenhlalo ukuthuthukiswa genetic umphakathi maqondana layo organic ukuthuthukiswa ngamunye kanye cwaningo ukuthuthukisa nezisusa.

ukucabanga Scientific Maslow yayakhiwa egomela ukuthi kufezwe izidingo zabantu kube yizakhi nesisekelo efanayo, kodwa ngenxa yobuhlobo bawo kanye nokuxhumana phakathi ohlelweni has ngento eyodwa - yokwehlayo. Ingqikithi lo mbono kungaba lula ukucabanga ngendlela yini izidingo ezahlukene amaqembu nomphakathi kanye nabantu ngabanye, siqu wokwehlayo layo langaphakathi lubonakala ngaso sonke isikhathi lezi zinhlelo. Oda kuyinto ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezihlukahlukene, ngakho Maslow libabiza izidingo ngokuvumelana imigomo ethile kanye ikhomba amaqembu amakhulu amahlanu, ayengumlamuleli waso izisusa ezahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundiso yokuziphendukela Maslow isikisela, futhi Ukwahlukaniswa izisusa ngokwabo, lapho bephathwa njengoba kusilela futhi ekuphileni.

Isigaba sokuqala is nombhali umqondo idlulisa izisusa ukushukumisa abantu ukuba basebenzele nokwaneliseka ngezidingo ezibalulekile - ukudla, ukuphumula, ubuthongo, njll

izisusa existential uqondise umuntu ukuthola injabulo, ibe onesikhundla, nokufezekisa amaphupho abo. Lezi Motifs zibonakala ngokucacile kuphela uma nezidingo izisusa iqembu lokuqala akuzona efanele. Lolu luluhlangothi lokuqala imodeli phezulu izidingo Maslow sika.

Ngokwabo idinga theory Maslow sika libhekwa ngemacembu ezinkulu ezinhlanu, abazi nje zisakazwa ezinye izinkundla, futhi bakha esiqinile ukuze phezulu, okuyinto wanika Maslow mbhoshongo ukuma.

Ngaphansi kwesithombe senqaba mbhoshongo kukhona izidingo bokuphila, okungukuthi, lezo ushukumiseleka ukuqalisa imisebenzi for the isizinda ukudla kanye nezinye izimfanelo esingokoqobo ekuphileni.

Ezingeni Maslow yesibili ibekwe izidingo ahlobene nokuphepha.

I "phansi" elandelayo mbhoshongo Maslow ibekwe izidingo zenhlalo bokuphila zokuxhumana ezihlobene oda, ukwaneliseka ngokobulili, ukukhiqizwa kabusha.

Idinga ukubuyekezwa Kulokho engiyikho yezenhlalakahle yomuntu wokwehlayo Maslow sika kukhona ezingeni lesine.

Futhi ekugcineni, isidingo sokuba self-actualization yomuntu, okudala self-actualization yakhe, ithiyori Maslow sika inikeza indawo phezulu ocijile.

Lolu hlelo linamandla futhi kuncikene: ukuzuzwa ezingeni elithile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo indlela yemvelo izenzo ushukumiseleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezilandelayo.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kamuva umsebenzi yesayensi simo Maslow washukumisa kusukela izidingo zabo ngezigaba elula izidingo kanye nokwaneliswa kwezidingo zokuthuthuka.