Kuyini eziqinile - CVT noma "umshini"? Uyini umehluko? Izinzuzo Ububi

Ushayela imoto nge ukudluliswa inhlukano kudinga ukunakekelwa nabantu yesimanje zihlale endaweni ethile ngokushesha. automatic transmission kule uhlelo ilula kakhulu. Electronics ngokwami ukucabanga umshayeli futhi enze zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile - ungakwazi cha thikazisa komgwaqo. Kodwa kudivayisi omoya okuzenzakalelayo okuningi kuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu kunezinqubo ukudluliswa mathupha. Futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi umklamo, ephansi linokwethenjelwa. Emlandweni embonini yezimoto kukhona okuningi kuhlulekile gidrotransformatornyh amabhokisi CVT uhlelo ayikaqondwa kahle. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi okunokwethenjelwa - CVT noma "okuzenzakalelayo".

umlando okuzenzakalelayo

Yavela-1903, owokuqala othomathikhi gearbox ngonyaka, kodwa alisetshenziswa izimoto, futhi embonini shipbuilding. Umsunguli wendlela design German Uprofesa Fettinger. Le ndoda yokuqala yabonisa futhi wasikisela ukudluliswa hydrodynamic, okungase yilo omunye umshudo namandla iyunithi imikhumbi. Yavela kanjalo-ke bamba wokubacindezela, okuyinto a engeyokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu nganoma yisiphi automatic transmission.

Kamuva, ngo-1940, abantu baseMelika, baqala ukusebenzisa okuzenzakalelayo "GIDROMATIK" ukuze "Oldsmobayl" izimoto. Mangisho ukuthi automatic transmission design azizange zishintshe kusukela kuleso sikhathi. automatic transmission yakhiwa yesifunda ezimbili eziyinhloko. Le Converter torque gearbox. Eyokuqala yenza umsebenzi bamba injongo yomsebenzi wakhe - bushelelezi ukushintsha ngaphandle jerks. Gearbox kuyinto pair of amagiya ekubambisaneni. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola omunye-ucezu, compact indlela ngokwanele ukuba izigaba eziningana.

Okuzenzakalelayo: technical okuyingxenye

Ake sibone ukuthi ukudluliswa "okuzenzakalelayo". Lolu hlelo wasebenza up and down. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, le umklamo walo zaphelela. Ngokuvamile, i-technical ingxenye ezahlukene amandla anele nokwethembeka.

Ngo amabhokisi gidrotransformatornyh torque emandleni iyunithi idluliselwa ku amasondo drive nge "bagel".

Awunazo anezikhala eqinile. Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngenxa yamafutha ukuthi ujikeleziswe ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Lapho kanzima ukubandakanyeka cha, futhi ephule ikakhulukazi lutho. Kodwa ekuklanyweni nazo imiphini nge amagiya kwamaplanethi futhi akwazi ukugcina bamba. bamba amaphakethe automatic transmission ukuba esikhundleni bamba. Uma they onomfutho noma decompressed, xhuma elihlangana, elihambisana ukudluliswa ethile.

Esikhathini othomathikhi kudivayisi ukudluliswa zinezigaba ezifana ophezulu futha iyunithi wokubacindezela. Yilesi isisekelo sanoma yimuphi automatic transmission.

Yini ngokuvamile ahlahlele kule automatic transmission

Uma ubheka izibalo iloli omoya othomathikhi, kungabonwa ngokuthi iningi lawo zenzeka ngenxa yesondlo ayilibalanga. Akubona bonke abanikazi Ushintsha uwoyela ezisebenza ngisho nangemva mileage okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, avimbekile iyunithi wokubacindezela, automatic transmission ezipholile, umshini ivimbekile. Konke lokhu kuholela yokuthi futha Awukwazi ukudala edingekayo yokusebenza ingcindezi. Ngenxa yalokhu, pheqela amvikele, kuthiwa ayisafakiwe yokudlulisa. Kube ukunyakazisa nokundindizela.

isisetshenziswa okuzenzakalelayo

Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ithembeke - CVT noma "okuzenzakalelayo". Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala sengathi izinto le variator, njengoba has a kancane kudivayisi ehlukile ngaphandle imishini wokubacindezela. Kodwa nge izinga futhi ifike ngesikhathi inkonzo isisetshenziswa classical automatic transmission zingaba zinkulu kakhulu.

Kwakukhona izimo lapho esimweni ukushintshwa uwoyela ngezikhathi 40,000 amakhilomitha gearbox ziqasha ezingaphezu kuka 400,000 operation elingenazinkinga. Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa "imishini" enokwethenjelwa kakhulu - kuba ubudala Japanese ezine-speed.

Ukuze kwandiswe ngokuphila automatic transmission, kuzomele ulandele imithetho ethile:

• uwoyela ushintsho luyadingeka ukuze afeze ngaphansi imithetho. Uma umenzi incoma ekushintsheni uwoyela ngezikhathi 60 ayizinkulungwane, musa ukuyiziba leli gama. Lokhu kusebenza futhi okubizwa ngokuthi ukunakekelwa "okuzenzakalelayo", zazo zigcwele nomkhiqizi kokupholisayo esaphila yakhelwe. Lokhu akwenzeki - udinga ukushintsha uwoyela. Inketho engcono - kuba esikhundleni ephelele lapho ziwashwa kwi ukuma. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ukudluliswa ukuletha ukusebenza okuqinile.
• Bekanye ATP-ushintsho uketshezi lemifanekiso uwoyela. Isikhathi esijwayelekile esikhundleni sakhe uyakwazi ukunweba kwebhokisi lezinsiza ngamaphesenti angu-20.
• Futhi uzodinga ukususa kurediyetha. Kwakuthinta jabulile wageza. Khona-ke ukuhlanza phansi umzimba udoti - kungase kube shavings, umule futhi whatnot.

By the way, chips zanqwabelana odonsa ekhethekile. Kanjani lesi simanga kungabonakala isithombe ngezansi.

Uma ulandela le mithetho, umthombo othomathikhi kuzokhulisa kakhulu. Ibhokisi ungaya kusuka 300 ayizinkulungwane nokuningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, abaningi ngokukhetha le yokudlulisela.

"Umshini" Box-: emihle nemibi

Cabanga izinzuzo main of automatic transmission:

• Inqubo ukushayela nge automatic transmission lula kakhulu - akusadingeki ucabange ukuthi uhambisa imoto kusuka endaweni, indlela kancane ukukhulula bamba, ukudluliswa kwe-okuyinto engcono zihlanganisa. Ikhompyutha uzokwenza konke ngokwami.
• automatic transmission futhi ekhethelwe nokwethenjelwa. Uma ukunakekelwa izinga gearboxes ukusetshenziswa bayakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-300 000. Futhi, omunye inzuzo - maintainability okusezingeni eliphezulu. Umklamo is kahle wafunda, sivuse automatic transmission kungaba inombolo enkulu ongoti.
• Oil - futhi plus automatic transmission. Kudinga ekhethekile automatic transmission uketshezi, kodwa izimfuneko ke kukhona ephansi kakhulu kunalokho for the CVT. Futhi intengo yayo ingaphansi.
• Amabhowudu namagiya - liphinde plus. Namuhla kukhona kakade multi-ibhokisi. Kukhona ngisho 12-step imodeli. Banezinhliziyo ephakeme embundwini ngesivinini esiphezulu - injini ngeke ayahlokoma e igiya lesine. Speed inkinobho ngobumnene kungabonakali umshayeli.
• Enye inzuzo enkulu - lemali elincane electronics. Lona umbuzo okunokwethenjelwa - CVT noma "okuzenzakalelayo". Yebo, automatic transmission usebenza ngokubambisana ne-computer, kodwa electronics akuzona kuka-30% e wokwakha.

Manje vula amaphutha:

• I automatic transmission abakwazi ukuqhosha Dynamics ezinjalo, njengoba CVT noma "Mechanics". Ibhokisi nayo elinesimo nekghono ephansi. Injini othomathikhi ne-transmission abe bamba okunzima - konke liba Converter torque engu. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye amandla adingekayo ukuze uthumele torque engu. Lapho usuke kwenzeka ukuzamazama lizwakale, okungakwazi ishiwo variator. Izinzuzo nezingozi kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.
• Futhi kule automatic transmission kudingeka uthele amafutha ngaphezulu - cishe 8-9 amalitha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le CVT aludingi ezingaphezu kuka 6 amalitha. Enye negative - anda petrol. On izimoto nge CVT ke kuyafana ku "Mechanics".

Kufinyeta, nokwethenjelwa eliphezulu ihlanganisa zonke bokwenza zalamaqembu.I. Ngekusetjentiswa kahle kanye nezinguquko njalo ewuketshezi ibhokisi ubabonisa kalula 300,000 km, engesiyo abaphikisi bayo.

Variable speed: umlando omfushane

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi CVT-ukudluliswa yasungulwa kungakadluli automatic transmission. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala. Umgomo we operation yasungulwa ngo Leonardo Da Vinci e 1490. Kodwa ukwethula iyunithi, yayingakwazi, ngoba khona-ke sasingekho injini. Khona-ke, mayelana uhlelo esilitshelwe futhi wakhumbula kuphela ekuseni imishini ezimbonini ekhulwini le-19. Izimoto, baqala ukusebenzisa isivinini okuguquguqukayo '58, lapho Hubert Van Doorne Variomatic wadala. Wawube ogibele DAF izimoto.

Design and Umsebenzi

Lona uhlobo automatic transmission. Ibhokisi-variator kanye "umshini" - yini umehluko? Kufana ukungabi yokudlulisela phezu CVT-ukudluliswa. Umklamo siqukethe izipilingi ezimbili lapho ibhande is tensioned (manje Yiqiniso, kuba metallic). Izigaxa - lokhu akulona design eyodwa isiqeshana, njengasekuqaleni, kodwa kusuka neengcezu beya. Uma phambili ayixhunyiwe le isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo, ibhande uzungeza ububanzi encane Isigaxa. Lapho isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo kugudlukela, bakha igiya isilinganiso esincane, okuhambelana omoya othomathikhi aphansi it is.

izipilingi Moving kungaba smooth kakhulu ukunciphisa isilinganiso igiya, okungukuthi, ushintsho igiya (nakuba zikhona okungelutho). Lezi zinombolo sihambisana izinyathelo othomathikhi ngokugcwele. Uma ukhetha okuthi "umshini" box- noma CVT, lona wamuva esebenza kahle kakhulu. Lapha, nekusebenta esiphezulu, kusukela esikhathini samakhosi ukudluliswa - kanzima.

Yini iphuka?

Umklamo othanda kakhulu service enhle. Amafutha kufanele zishintshwe njalo. Km ayizinkulungwane 60-80. Njalo ukushintsha uketshezi. Uma ungenalo esikhundleni salo, kuyoba nezinkinga, futhi kwakuthethwa amacala yokutakula kuyoba eqolo.

Phakathi kwezinkinga - odla wokubacindezela iyunithi namafutha amaphampu. Ngenxa yalokhu, lapho imiphini akakwazi ukunqanda noma unclamp ibhande. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho okulahlekile. Lokhu kunomthelela ongemuhle ngokuphila kwakhe. Material uzokhathala ngokushesha, futhi kwenye indawo ungakwazi ibhande omane yehlile. Bese ngaphakathi phephetha everything. Futhi eliya phezulu evele ukusebenza shaft, okuyinto ezingasehlela akuyona indlela engcono kuthinta isimo we ibhande. Ibhokisi-variator kanye "umshini" - yini umehluko? Ngo elikhulu omningi electronics ukuthi lingafika ku-50% design.

isisetshenziswa CVT

Lapha, njengoba nje ku automatic transmission, kudingeka ukuba ngokucacile ngaphansi imithetho ukushintsha uwoyela. Uma ungenalo enze ke ebhokisini izohluleka ngemva ayizinkulungwane 100. Futhi zonke izinkulungwane 120 kuyadingeka ukushintsha ibhande. Kuyini eziqinile - CVT noma "umshini"? It kuvela ukuthi "umshini". On the variator ukushayela 300 000 akusebenzi, ngisho noma ukushintsha uwoyela njalo.

Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi

Lapha ejabulisa ukushesha ashukumisayo ngaphezulu, encishisiwe petrol. Azikho jerks, ukusebenza kahle ephakeme ngo-10% kunaleyo automatic transmission. Car lula ukushayela. Kodwa zonke izinzuzo ukuqeda.

Siyaqhubeka cabanga variator, izinzuzo nezingozi somklamo. Elungisa amabhokisi anjalo kunzima kakhulu - umklamo ayiqondakali kahle, kanye nezifundiswa embonini akwanele. Idinga esikhundleni zesikhathi ibhande. Kuyabiza, hhayi kuwo wonke eziyikhulu namashumi ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo. Umklamo has a electronics eyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi ekugcineni, esinye ngaphezulu ethile abalulekile - uwoyela. Kuyabiza futhi kunzima ukusithola.

Yikuphi okungcono?

Ngakho, sabuka kokubili ukudluliswa. Sekuyisikhathi ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi ibhokisi kungcono - "okuzenzakalelayo" noma variator. CVT automatic transmission kungcono ngokuya Dynamics zidlule. Kodwa uma umonakalo ukulungisa kuyoba eqolo, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi lokhu okuseshwa ingabuyiswa, noma okungenani ukukhonza. Futhi sidinga esikhundleni njalo ibhande, futhi ukwakhiwa uqobo idinga uwoyela izinga. iyawina okuzenzakalelayo lapha ngaphezu egcwele.

isiphetho

Sabuyekeza variator, izinzuzo nezingozi ngakho. Isinqumo lokhu: uma ukuthenga imoto entsha, letawuba isiqinisekiso ke ukuthenga CVT kungaba. Uma lena imoto nge mileage amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane, khona-ke kungcono ukuba banake "okuzenzakalelayo".