Kungani ngidinga ukwazi ukuhlonza iqembu igazi?

Kuwo wonke umzimba womuntu ophilayo idinga ukuba igazi. Futhi uma ku umbono sokuqanjwa ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali, kuba pheze efanayo, lapho isekhona umehluko.

Umlando omncane

Igazi lomuntu kukhona amaqembu amane ngokuhambisana nohlobo antigen namaqembu amabili amakhulu ngokuqondene RH ethile. Kodwa odokotela kabanzi mayelana ukuthi wayazi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokumpompela Igazi-ke kudala, odokotela obuzama nokusindisa izimpilo. Kwezinye izimo, ayethola, kodwa iningi lezi zenzo banesineke ebulalayo. Siyini isizathu, afundile ngo-1901 ngenxa udokotela Austria, eyathola umehluko ezithile phakathi izibonelo zalokho. Kwezinye izimo, igazi ngokuvamile imile izimpande, futhi nezinye - amaseli abomvu egazi banamathelane, okuholela kuholele ekufeni. It is lo dokotela usunike 4 zamaqembu egazi kanye nokumpontshelwa wenza cishe ngokuphelele ephephile ezempilo. Ukuze lokho ngo-1930 waklonyeliswa uMklomelo KaNobel.

Mayelana iqembu

Uyini umehluko, futhi kungani kukhona ukwakhelwa ezahlukene zamaqembu egazi? Zonke ngalolu daba khona antigen emzimbeni - uhlobo amaprotheni amangqamuzana, enquma ukuba iqembu elilodwa noma kwenye. antigen Akhiwe serum futhi erythrocyte ebusweni. Futhi bona abanomsebenzi ethize izivikeli mzimba ephendula elampontshelwa igazi. Ukwehluka kwezinhlobo zamaqembu egazi kukhona khona noma ukungabi therein antigen A no-B, plus khona amasosha omzimba ngokumelene antigen ofanayo-plasma.

ukuqokwa

Kuyini kukhona ekubizweni zamaqembu egazi? Kuyaphawuleka abanye ukuthi ezimbalwa, kodwa abawona kunzima ukuwuqonda bantfu eliveni lakitsi kanye uphawu eYurophu. Kufanele ukwehlukanisa phakathi iqoqo lezinamba - kokuthoma, kwesibili, sesithathu nesesine. ' Abezinye Izizwe ukwabelana kweqembu elifanayo antigen:

• 0 - wokugubha iqembu lokuqala igazi;
• A - iqembu lesibili wegazi;
• B - Iqembu lesithathu wegazi;
• AB - iqembu lesine kwegazi.

Ngakho yini umehluko? Ngakho, eqenjini lokuqala (0) omzimba A no-B kuphela oketshezini olungenambala lwegazi. Esikhathini yesibili (A) - A antigen esisogwini ebusweni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi owaziwa, kanye namasosha omzimba khona plasma yegazi. Ngekhulu lesithathu (B) - I omzimba "bukhoma" phezu kobuso kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi) kanye namasosha omzimba A - plasma yegazi; a antigen wesine (kokubili A no B) zitholakala phezu abomvu egazi ashaye - amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Mayelana RH isici

Futhi iyini RH isici? noma ngabe kuthinta ukuhlonza iqembu igazi? Yiqiniso, mathonya. Kuyinto futhi antigen, esemgwaqweni phezu kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi RH isici, cishe bonke abantu base-Asia - 99%, kodwa hhayi wonke baseYurophu - 85%. Kukhona division ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu wabantu bangayiqonda kokubili RH-HIV (RH +), kanye RH-negative (RH-). Ngakho-ke, uma sithatha zonke izigaba, kunamaqembu igazi eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngokwesibonelo, RH omuhle lwegazi yesibili. Isikhundla ngeke ngaleyo ndlela: A RH + (ngesiRashiya: II +).

ukuxuba

Umuntu ngamunye ubalulekile ukwazi iqembu igazi lakho ukuhlonza, ngoba ngokuvamile kungasindisa impilo yakhe, uma kungekho isikhathi kuvivinywa. Ngakho uma igazi hhayi leqembu kungenzeka clumping ka abomvu egazi nemithambo yegazi uzoqala inqubo efanayo ekwakhekeni amahlule, kwegazi uyama, umuntu ungafa nje. Kungase kubonakale ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo ukuthi abantu kulezi zinhlobo igazi njengoba 0 (Rh-) no-AB (RH +) zibhekwa jikelele. Eyokuqala - onikelayo evelelwa ekahle, kwesibili - umamukeli jikelele.