Kola Borehole. Okutholakele ukuthi ushintshe umhlaba

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu Siphuphé ukwazi ukuthi yini ngaphansi kwezinyawo zawo. Hhayi lapha surface eMhlabeni, futhi kukhona - ekujuleni ezibilinini zayo. Ngeshwa, ukusebenzisa imishini ekhona ungase uthole ezijulile amamitha ambalwa kuphela.

Drilling imisebenzi yonke iNhlonhlo Kola kwaqala ngo-1970 futhi waqhubeka kwaze 1992. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, le drillers benza Wyzne ukuvulwa. Noma kunjalo, ngemva uqweqwe kwaba "punctured" ngaphezu kuka-12 km!

Kola Borehole waqinisekisa izibikezelo eziningi ososayensi, kodwa benqatshelwa eziningi. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi uqweqwe eMhlabeni lifana ikhekhe ungqimba - khona kanye ngezansi kukhona basalts ngenhla - egwadle, futhi siya emadwaleni sedimentary. Kwakungekhona ngempela kuyiqiniso. Granites kukhona 3 km ngaphansana ososayensi wayecabange. A drillers azifinyelelanga ungqimba-basalt. I amakhilomitha okugcina, kukhona nalawa egwadle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi International Geological Congress, owawuse-1984, waze ukungcwaba imbobo, ngoba Uphika konke ososayensi ezizathwini. Yiqiniso, lokhu kusho bebagcona.

Kwakuthinta yasekuqaleni, ngasendleleni, ukuthi kahle eNhlonhlweni Kola kuyoba ijule ngokungaphezulu. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa zizoba ngaphansi kuya ku-15 amakhilomitha, futhi wasikisela ukumba kwesokudla kuya ku-20 km, okungukuthi, cishe ukuze isiphuku. Kodwa aseBaltic Bazivikele ukumangala. Ezingeni 12 km 1000 degrees Celsius lokushisa ke kwaba fixed ephakeme kunaleyo kwakubikezelwe. Futhi ososayensi namuhla abazi nokuthi kungani kwenzekile lokho.

Kodwa lokho akuyona yonke nokwatholakala ukuthi wanika jikelele Kola Borehole. Ngenxa-ke, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi ukuphila kule planethi yethu umsuka kakhulu ngaphambili kunokulindelekile. nezilwanyana ezincane Izinsalela kulabo ekujuleni lapho akufanele, ngokososayensi, kanye lokuhlala enkulu igesi i-methane ophoqelelwe emhlabeni zesayensi ngokuphelele ukushintsha theory.

Uyini Borehole Kola? Mhlawumbe, abaningi bacabanga emayini noma into efana naleyo. Kodwa imicabango enjalo zikude iqiniso. Eqinisweni, i-umhlaba sethu siyefana ngenaliti, waphakamisela Ukubhoboza emibilini yakhe. I ka sokuprakthiza out ukujula nge ububanzi kancane engaphezu kwengu-20 cm. Ekupheleni izinzwa yakhe eqondile yokuhlala athumele amaningi, avunyelwe yokuthola izinto eziningi kangaka.

Nge kahle eziningi zinganekwane ongaqondakali eNhlonhlweni Kola. Noma izinganekwane - owazi? Mhlawumbe konke okwenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, drillers bathi kusuka yemisindo Ngokufana Inezwi okwesabisayo ukujula. Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu bayaqinisekiswa ukuthi kukhona esihogweni.

Lapho uphawu yathinteka 10 km, phezu Kola ultradeep wawa enkingeni - uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ongaqondakali, incazelo okwakubekelwa ngiyithole. Lapho borax elicibilikile, ososayensi kungase selaphe kuphela, ngoba wayengasakwazi ukumelana lokushisa ilanga! Futhi uma ikhebula waphula. Futhi kamuva izinsalela zalo ayikwazanga ukutholakala.

Nokho, imishini akuyona wayeka ngenxa devilry. Le nguqulo esemthethweni - ukuntuleka kwezimali. Kwaziqondanela nje ukuba ongaqondakali, ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesikhathi ukujula okukhulu, ukuqhuma kwenzeka. Incazelo ngalesi senzakalo futhi wathola.

Nokho, Kola kahle uyakufanelekela ukukhonza umhlaba. Yena yavusa emhlabeni yesayensi, futhi ezihambisana legend ongaqondakali Kuyoze ikhathaze esintwini.