Kirov (Putilov) Plant: umlando, imikhiqizo

Isisekelo iwuhlelo ikusasa ezifuywayo steel umkhakha imishini Kronstadt yensimbi Foundry idluliselwe Petersburg ekuqaleni XΙX ekhulwini ngomyalo wabaholi uMbusi uPawulu v.

Kirov (Putilov) endaweni yokukhanda. Umlando kumiswa

Umkhiqizo wokuqala kwakheka 1801, ibhizinisi waqala ukuxosha core nensimbi yokwensimbi izidingo ibutho wezikhali kanye lasolwandle. Okufanela eyinhloko umqondisi ezimisiwe izimboni embuso Scot Charlza Gaskoyna kwaba ukwethulwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa entsha ekubunjweni ubuchwepheshe. ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezakhiwo art eyenziwe cast iron yasetshenziswa kule minyaka eyishumi yokuqala ukusebenza, umkhankaso ukukhiqizwa ngezibhamu lamasosha, izinsimbi kanye izikali, izibani, izinkinobho.

Ngo 1812, lapho Umnyango isitshalo ubunjiniyela yadalwa, futhi ukwakhiwa amashabhu itshe waqala yokukhiqiza umusi izinjini, imishini, umshini amathuluzi izidingo zabo siqu futhi ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha of the Empire, Russian. umonakalo omkhulu isitshalo kwabangelwa izikhukhula ngo-1824, kwashona abantu abangu-152, abhubhisa, odla izindwani futhi kwaletha labhidlika imishini kanye isitshalo.

Engineer futhi usomabhizinisi

Eminyakeni engamashumi amane Foundry Petersburg ishintshile abanikazi eziningana, ngisho uhulumeni oda enkulu ngo-1844 i-supply komzila Akumsindisanga inkampani kusuka ucabanga.

Ngo-1868 lesi sitshalo yathengwa ngu Nikolai Ivanovich Putilov, ngubani ephethwe ukuze ujike eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-12 e-eziphambili inzuzo kakhulu ibhizinisi okuhlukahlukene. Nje konyaka, lesi sitshalo Putilov okungaphezu 80 amathani wesitimela iphuma ngosuku, izinga, imikhiqizo ephakeme British kanye kahle ukukhiqizwa Bessemer steel. Ngo-1872, lapho kumiswa i-"Umphakathi Putilov Emikhulu Kakhulu 'futhi kwethulwa steel-rolling workshop ezahlukene imikhiqizo ibhizinisi umphelelisi izakhiwo ibhuloho, izinqola abahamba izitimela zamalahle.

Ngemva kokufa UNikolai Ivanovich abalandeli 1880 eyenziwa iphupho lakhe osekukade - ukuxhuma Putilov ifektri Sea Channel nge Kronstadt, ukuqinisekisa ukudlula imikhumbi, hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa sisahlela imikhiqizo nezitshalo supply of izinto zokusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo bonke Petersburg. Kungenxa Putilov wabeka izisekelo abaqeqeshwayo kwemboni, waqala ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda zomphakathi ibhizinisi.

Kwathi ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga Empire

Ngu ekuqaleni XX leminyaka Putilov ifektri waba umholi ongenambangi phakathi yasekhaya amabhizinisi Metallurgical futhi umshini wokwakha futhi enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu eYurophu. abasebenzi State kudlulwe ayizinkulungwane 12.4. Abantu. On esitokisini ngalesi simila yempi yokuqala babekwa phansi: kuqala, abachithi, bese - Cruisers futhi kubabulali. Phakathi imikhiqizo eziyingqayizivele isikhathi - ngumbhubhisi imikhumbi "Novik", okusheshayo-labadubuli ensimini isibhamu, anti-aircraft Lander uhlelo kwezwe yokuqala isibhamu, elintantayo 100 ton crane abathwele umthwalo ngosuku samanje.

A level entsha amasu ngaphakathi kohlaka iphrojekthi "Russian Krupp" baletha Putilov ifektri namesake yomnikazi abadumile - AI Putilov, likhona ukubunjwa ibhodi 1910 futhi imali enkulu inkampani ruble angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30. (At izindleko zonke impahla yizigidi ezingu-19 rbl.). ukukhiqizwa yanyanga zonke wezikhali uye ngakhula ngaphezu kwanoma kahlanu. Ukuze izinto eziningi ezivezwa ifektri bekulokhu esinakho, okuyinto yibhange abanikazi inzuzo enkulu. Nokho, ukuhamba wamavukelambuso laqothula izwe yenze ezinye izinguquko lalo.

Nenkathi yamaSoviet

Putilov ifektri e Petrograd ngosuku olwandulela-1917, kwadingeka esifundazweni angaba yizinkulungwane 35. Abasebenzi. Kwaba isinyathelo mass kwabasebenzi bayo kwaba ukuqala Februwari revolution. Ekupheleni konyaka inkampani zadliwa uhulumeni futhi kamuva uqambe "Red Putilovets", futhi ngo-1934-ke yethiwa S. M. Kirova. Ukuze umkhakha abasha republic eSoviet ifektri wenza imikhiqizo metal, kaloliwe nemishini ephehla ugesi ngamanzi, kogandaganda, imoto uchungechunge R-1. Ngo-1939, umugqa kwezwe yokuqala wethulwa ukwenziwa amathangi esindayo.

Phakathi neMpi Omkhulu Patriotic we izisebenzi zalesi sihlahla waxoshelwa Chelyabinsk. Wahlala e ovinjezelwe Leningrad esitolo cishe ku front line baqhubeka ukukhiqizwa futhi ukulungisa okuzivuselela amathangi kanye izimoto zempi.

Ekupheleni kwempi ifektri redeveloped lapho kuvezwa serial nezempi, imishini amandla futhi umkhakha zenuzi, ogandaganda "Kirovets".

isimo samanje

Ngo-1992 ezidalwe JSC "Kirov Isitshalo". izimo ezinzima izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho ziphoqe eziphethe inkampani waphinda babuyekeze lezo zinto ezidinga ukukhiqizwa, kanyekanye ethula ubuchwepheshe ukuncintisana. Phakathi imikhiqizo eyinhloko simila - izimoto armored ( "Onega", "Ladoga", "Combat"), ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo kanye nemishini ekhethekile ukuze kwakhiwe, uwoyela negesi umkhakha. Ugandaganda "Kirovets" ziphoqa hhayi kuphela e emakethe yasekhaya kodwa futhi ngenkuthalo zithunyelwe emazweni 14.

Kirov bazilungiselela abaphehla ugesi nezinye izinto amandla ukufakwa ngwenya eziningi zezikhali zenuzi, icebreakers, imikhumbi yemikhumbi yempi yomthengisi.

amathemba esikhathi esizayo

Ngokombono ngazwi linye ngokuthi ochwepheshe nabahlaziyi, le Kirov ifektri - omunye wabashayeli ukuthuthukiswa ubunjiniyela yasekhaya. Phakathi izinjongo ngokushesha yecebo abaphathi ibhizinisi ngokukhethekile ukwaba imali ebhange kancane kancane kusukela Imininingwane yokusebenza ebhidlikayo imishini nokuthuthukisa lobuchwepheshe kwengqalasizinda eyisisekelo, ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi inhlangano futhi ukuqeqeshwa efanele izisebenzi Isikhwama, ukufuna kanye nokuthuthukiswa imigqa emisha ibhizinisi. Lokho yizinhlobonhlobo (njengengxenye umphakathi -. Bangaphezu kuka-30 ezingaphansi ngodondolo abasebenzi kungathi izinkulungwane 6) kuzovumela ukuze ingaziki e kwezimo zomnotho ezinzima. Bheka ezithembisa emisebenzini yokwakha ku ogwini ka esitsheni esigungwini esikhulu lesi sitshalo, ukuhlinzeka Moorings izitsha party bunkering amasevisi.

Kwethenjwa ukuthi inqubomgomo olinganiselayo futhi afanele Ebhodi Yabaqondisi izobuyisa bemibuso wangaphambilini we Kirov (Putilov) endaweni yokukhanda.