Joint kwedolo. incazelo

Joint amadolo, ehlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili, ohlanganisa drumstick ithanga. Enye ingxenye itholakala phakathi tibia futhi kunawo wonke, kanti eyesibili - phakathi patella futhi kunawo wonke. Joint amadolo kuyinto emalungeni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi enkulu yomzimba womuntu. Lokhu ezithathekayo Bloc uhlelo has a isakhiwo ivumela isandiso, flexion kanye medial okuncane futhi ukujikeleza lateral ukuthi. Amadolo ngokuhlanganyela isekela cishe wonke isisindo zomzimba womuntu. Lolu Phiko luqondene sengozini: ekuthanda umonakalo kanye nokuthuthukiswa osteoarthritis.

Ngo ukwakheka Phiko angawodwa patella-femoral, izingxenye tibiofemoral. Peroneal eseduze umsipha Ibhekwa njengento ingxenye izingxenye tibiofemoral.

Joint amadolo ehlanganisa amagumbi amathathu obusebenzayo kuyinto lomnyango-uhlobo ngokuhlanganyela. Amalungu ayo kuhlanganisiwe femoral-inkomishi (femoral-patellar) ingxenye. Yena, siqukethe esisogwini indiza frontal we epiphysis we patella kunawo wonke, okuyinto umba ku joint kwedolo. Futhi kule femoral-ingxenye inkomishi kufakwe amalungu femoro-tibial (medial kanye lateral). Lezi zingxenye tibia (umbala eyinhloko) ephathelene kunawo wonke. Esikhathini knee kukhona uketshezi lwamalunga. Kuyinto samanje ngaphakathi ulwelwesi yayo lwamalunga (capsule).

Joint amadolo unikezwa indima ebaluleke kakhulu. It wenza imisebenzi ehlobene ukunyakaza esisindo endaweni mpo (jumping) kanye ovundlile (ukuhamba noma ukugijima) isiqondiso.

Ingane emva kokuzalwa patella ezibalulwa kanjena ngokufanele. Kunalokho, lapho empeleni kuyinto esiqhingini ukukhula, okuyinto sakhiwe uqwanga. Ngu iminyaka emithathu amantombazane nabafana ezinhlanu, kulesi siqhingi liphenduka ivi evamile.

iyunithi ngokuhlanganyela kuhlanganisa imfundo ekhethekile. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kunawo wonke: i medial futhi condyles lateral. Ziyahlukahluka kuye kancane posteriorly futhi distally. I lateral condyle phambi ebanzi kuka langemuva, le medial has a ububanzi enkulu njalo.

I patella Itholakala capsule articular, ngaphambili ingxenye nodonga lwawo mncane. Uma uyikha phezulu le ezingemuva yalo futhi yamiswa medial indiza lateral, ngamunye ephethe uxhumano ebusweni patella. Yena, ehlanganisa condyles femoral ngaphambili onqenqemeni distal wethambo.

Egobolondweni lelunga futhi lwamalunga ukuhlukanisa fibre ulwelwesi (ungqimba). Basuke ahlukaniswe okunamafutha imali. A isikhundla nzile joint bunikezwa nemisipha emzungezile. Ngokuhlangana menisci eminingi, bese capsule ukunikeza bursitis umsipha.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, joint amadolo ubhekwa ingxenye ezingavikelekile kakhulu zalo uhlelo ahlangene umuntu. Phakathi umonakalo eyinhloko iyunithi isehlane ekubonakalisweni arthritic arthritis, i-rheumatoid arthritic kanye kuhlanganise. Ziyakwazi uqwanga njalo futhi elimazayo e yenyonga yakhe condyles bone tibial ka amalunga nemisipha ka kwedolo, nabanye.

Imishini yezokwelapha Special esetshenziswa ukubuyisela bokuphila umlenze axis. Ngokwesibonelo, imbande ku joint amadolo sisetshenziswa ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo noma ukuphuthumisa ukuphulukisa. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa esikhathini emumva waphuka we condyles ka kunawo wonke futhi tibia ngemva usimende immobilization. Isetshenziselwa nge ukuntengantenga lolingene kwedolo. I umkaki ku joint amadolo ingasetshenziswa njengendlela uyalondoloza. It ikuvumela ukunciphisa umthwalo uma kukhona umonakalo, kodwa futhi ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.