Jikelele Dmitry Karbyshev, Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa: A Biography. Feat General Karbysheva

Ikusasa Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Dmitry Karbyshev wazalwa ngo-1880 e-Omsk. Wayefanele imisuka ahlukile: uyise wasebenza njengoba yisosha. Lapho yomkhaya basheshe bafa, ingane eneminyaka engu-12 kuphela ubudala futhi nginakekela yawela emahlombe unina.

ebuntwaneni

Umkhaya ephethwe kumaTatar futhi ingeyamakhosi Kryashens iqembu zobuzwe nezenkolo abathi-Orthodox, naphezu umsuka Turkic. Dmitry Karbyshev baba ubhuti. Ngo-1887 waphinde waboshwa ngecala iqhaza kule nhlangano mbuso ka abafundi ngesikhathi Kazan University. UVladimir waboshwa, futhi umndeni wazithola baxakekile.

Noma kunjalo, Dmitry Karbyshev bakwazi ukuqedela laseSiberia ubusosha Corps ngenxa yamakhono abo kanye nemizamo. Ngemva kwalokhu semfundo balandela Nikolaev ubunjiniyela esikoleni. Iphinde eliselincane wazibonisa. Karbyshev wathunyelwa komngcele Manchuria, lapho akhonza khona njengombonisi omunye yizinduna inkampani, unesibopho telegraphy.

I ebuthweni lezempi imperial

Ngobusuku obandulela Russian-Japanese War, isikhulu junior wathola isikhundla uLieutenant. Kusukela ekuqaleni zinqobe, Dmitry Karbyshev wathunyelwa ukuphenya. Yena kwavula nezokuxhumana, obhekene nesimo amabhuloho ngezihluthu futhi wathatha ingxenye kwezinye izimpi ezibalulekile. Ngakho, wazithola shí kokugqashuka kwempi ye-Mukden.

Ngemva kwempi, waba kafushane wahlala Vladivostok, lapho aqhubeka khona ukukhonza kule Battalion. Ngo 1908-1911 GG. isikhulu abaqeqeshiwe e Nikolayev Military Engineering Academy. Iphele ke, waya Brest-Litovsk njengoba ukaputeni, lapho wahlanganyela ukwakhiwa kwalesi Brest Fortress.

Njengoba le minyaka Karbyshev elapha imingcele esentshonalanga yezwe, wazithola maphambili kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, kusukela osukwini lokuqala kakhulu simemezelo yayo. Ingxenye enkulu yokuphila lo mphathi waba ngaphansi kobuholi edumile Alekseya Brusilova. Kwakuwusuku eNingizimu-Western Front, lapho Russia ilwa-Austria-Hungary, ngempumelelo obuhlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, Karbyshev nengxenye bamba ngempumelelo Przemysl, futhi Brusilov ukuphumelela. Izinsuku zokugcina empini Karbyshev esichithwa komngcele eRomania, lapho umshado sokuqiniswa izikhundla ukuzivikela. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka eminingana ngaphambili, wakwazi ukuba udubuleke emlenzeni, kodwa namanje wabuyela ohlelweni.

Ukuze singenele iRed Army

Ngo-October 1917, e Petrograd kombuso, ngemva kwalokho amaBolshevik athatha izintambo. UVladimir Lenin wafuna ukuzibulala empini eJalimane ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kabusha zonke izimpi zawo ukulwa izitha yangaphakathi: ukunyakaza emhlophe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yaqala a inkulumo-ze omkhulu, ikhankasela amandla zaseSoviet ibutho.

Uqinisile Karbyshev wazithola kwababusi Red Guard. Kuyo, kwaba wemfanelo wokuhlela imisebenzi ukuzivikela kanye ne-engineering. Ikakhulukazi eziningi Karbyshev eyenziwe iVolga esifundeni, lapho 1918-1919. Wagijima Eastern Front. Talent kanye nekhono engineer esesizile iRed Army ukuze uthole isizinda kuleli esifundeni futhi ukuqhubeka kusengaphambili yayo maqondana Urals. ukukhula umsebenzi Karbysheva kwaholela ekumisweni Army wesi-5 iRed Army phezu kwelinye izikhundla eziholela. Kwaqubuka impi yombango, waqeda eCrimea, lapho wenza ukuba lube nokwenzeka umsebenzi yobunjiniyela Perekop ngokuxhumanisa enhlonhlweni ne-mpumalanga yezwe.

Phakathi Okwezwe Izimpi

Ngezikhathi zokuthula le 20s kanye 30s Karbyshev wahlanganyela nokufundisa ezikoleni lempi ngisho waba uprofesa. Ngezinye izikhathi bahlanganyela ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi ingqalasizinda esibalulekile sokuzivikela. Ngokwesibonelo, sikhuluma "Lines kukaStalin".

Kusukela ekuqaleni ngesikhathi seMpi YeRussia Finnish ngo-1939 Karbyshev uvele endlunkulu, lapho ebhala izincomo ukufohla ukuzivikela Mannerheim Line. Ngemva konyaka waba uLieutenant General noDoctor of Military Sciences.

Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe lesibonwa Karbyshev wabhala imisebenzi mayelana 100 zobunjiniyela. Ngokusho zokufunda kanye izinsiza-kufundisa uzilungiselele eziningi iRed Army ochwepheshe kuze kube neMpi Yezwe II. Ikakhulukazi eziningi isikhathi esisisebenzisela isifundo Karbyshev udaba jikelele usheshisa emifuleni ngesikhathi ezimpini. Ngo-1940 yena wajoyina CPSU (b).

ekuthunjweni German

Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, Jikelele Karbyshev wathunyelwa ukukhonza e yindlunkulu Army 3rd. Wayekhona Grodno - esondelene kakhulu kuze kube semngceleni. Kukulo muzi lapho ushaywa lokuqala Wehrmacht bathunyelwa lapho Juni 22, 1941 kwaqala ukusebenza ukuze blitzkrieg.

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa endlunkulu kwezempi Karbyshev sebephila. Ukuzama ukubalekela kusukela kubhayela asiphumeleli, kanye jikelele alimala Mogilev esifundeni, eduze koMfula Dnieper.

Kwake kwathi ngo-ukuthunjwa, kwaba eningi emakamu okuhlushwa, zinyanga okwakunzima laseMauthausen. Jikelele Karbyshev kwaba onguchwepheshe futhu phesheya. Ngakho-ke amaJalimane kusukela AmaGestapo SS wazama ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze lizuze ngakuye kungekho ofisa eside intsha ukudlula ukwaziswa okuwusizo ekomkhulu German nokusiza kwamaNazi.

AmaNazi babekholelwa ukuthi kalula ukukholisa Karbysheva babambisane nabo. Le nduna yathukuthela kusukela kwamadoda asebukhosini, yena waba yisosha tsarist iminyaka eminingi. Lezi zici Umlandvomphilo athi Jikelele Karbyshev - abantu okungahleliwe kwamaBolshevik emibuthanweni nangenjabulo wenze wazisingatha kwamaNazi.

phoyisa-60 ubudala izikhawu eziningi izingxoxo ochazayo kwaholela emagunyeni afanele, kodwa le ndoda endala yasenzela phansi nge amaJalimane. Isikhathi ngasinye ngokuqiniseka wamemezela ukuthi ukunqoba yaseSoviet Union eMpini Yezwe II futhi amaNazi enqobe. Akekho muntu ngesenzo sakhe akashongo ukuthi lesi siboshwa ngobugebengu noma ilahleke inhliziyo.

Ngo Hammelburg

Entwasahlobo ka-1942 Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich wayiswa Hammelburg. Kwakuyisikhathi ekamu elikhethekile lokuhlushwa ngenxa izikhulu lithunjwa. Lapha ngabo ukudala izimo zokuphila ezimenza azizwe atjhaphulukile. Ngakho, ubuholi German bazama uwine kwezinduna esiphakeme yebutho isitha, okuyinto wajabulela udumo omkhulu ekhaya. Phakathi nempi e Hammelburg wavakashelwa iziboshwa Soviet ayizinkulungwane 18. Ngamunye wabo waba okusezingeni eliphezulu ezinhlwini lempi. Abaningi yaphuka ngemva kokushiya emakamu okufa futhi bazithola izindawo ukhululekile futhi elula yeziboshwa, lapho nezingxoxo ezikhululekile futhi ezinobungane ababenabo. Nokho Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich akashongo ekwelashweni isitha ngokwengqondo futhi wahlala eqotho eSoviet Union.

Ngokuba jikelele wafakwa indoda ekhethekile - uColonel Pelit. Lokhu isikhulu Wehrmacht ngesikhathi waba yisosha ka Tsarist Russia, futhi ulwazi omuhle kakhulu isiRashiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasebenza Karbyshevo ngesikhathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ngo Brest-Litovsk.

umngane Old wazama ukuthola ezihlukahlukene tindlelanchubo Karbyshev. Uma wenqaba nokubambisana ngqo Wehrmacht, Pelit ke wamthembisa onakalisa, isibonelo, ukusebenza njengesazi-mlando futhi ukuchaza imisebenzi lempi iRed Army empini zamanje. Nokho, lezo ziphakamiso ayikwazi isinyathelo isikhulu.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekuqaleni amaJalimane ayefuna Karbyshev Wama ekuqaleni kwazo Russian Liberation Army, ekugcineni okwaholela-General vlasov. Kodwa njalo non-nokubambisana wenza ibhizinisi: i-Wehrmacht ishiywe umqondo wakhe. Manje e-Germany sengilinde okungenani ukuthi lesi siboshwa evuma ukusebenza e-Berlin njengoba eyigugu Logistics onguchwepheshe.

Ngo Berlin

Jikelele Dmitry Karbyshev, ogama biography yakhiwa relocations unomphela, wayesalokhu ucezwana lokudla ukuze kwamaNazi, namaJalimane engazange alilahle ithemba ukuthola ukuba nolimi olulodwa olwaziwayo naye. Ngemva ukungaphumeleli Hammelburg lahumusha le ndoda endala evalelwe yedwa Berlin futhi agcinwe khona amasonto amathathu ebumnyameni.

Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso ukukhumbuza Karbyshev ukuthi angase abe yisisulu yokwesaba noma ngasiphi isikhathi, uma ungafisi ukuba ubambisane Wehrmacht. Ekugcineni, mina siboshwa wathunyelwa umphenyi okokugcina. AmaJalimane bacela usizo omunye ochwepheshe abahlonishwa kakhulu ubunjiniyela abo ezempi. Kwaba Heinz Rubengeymer. Lokhu uchwepheshe owaziwayo esikhathini sangaphambi impi, njengoba Karbyshev, abasebenza wokulandisa kuphrofayela yabo jikelele. Dmitry Mikhailovich yena wamphatha hlonipho eyaziwa ngokuthi onguchwepheshe ohlonishwayo.

Rubengeymer benza nozakwabo isigwebo sakhe onohlonze. Uma Karbyshev bavumelana ukuba libambisane naye, afike efulethini lakhe siqu kanye nokuvikeleka egcwele kwezomnotho ngenxa yengcebo isimo German. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onjiniyela ukunikeza ukufinyelela mahhala kubo bonke yezincwadi zomlando eJalimane. Wayengabizwa wahlanganyela kule izifundo theory noma ukusebenza kwi ucwaningo emkhakheni wobunjiniyela. Ngakho Karbyshev bavunyelwe ukuba babuthe iqembu lochwepheshe-fanele hlengi. Isiphathiswa kungaba uLieutenant jikelele ebuthweni isimo German.

Karbysheva feat kwakuwukuthi wawala woke iziphakamiso lesitha, naphezu ezinye imizamo eziphikelelayo kakhulu. Ngokumelene naye wasebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene lokukholisa: ukusabisa, ukuthopha, izithembiso, njll Ekugcineni, wathenjiswa umsebenzi theory kuphela ... Lokho Karbyshev ngisho babe ukugxeka Stalin kanye nobuholi obuphethe Soviet. Konke eyayidingeka kuye - babe kwesondo esilalelayo simiso sokubusa kwamaNazi.

Naphezu kwezinkinga zempilo, futhi ubudala umxhwele, Jikelele Dmitry Karbyshev futhi ngalesi sikhathi wathi nokwenqaba ngokuqinile. Ngemva kwalokho, ubuholi German ke badela futhi ukwesulwa esinjengesomuntu fanatically azinikele icala Twisted ka Bolshevism. Sebenzisa lezi abantu izinjongo zabo kwamaNazi bahluleka.

Ukuze kanzima

Karbysheva Berlin wayiswa Flossenburg - ekamu lokuhlushwa, okuyinto yayibuswa oda ngesihluku, futhi iziboshwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka lomngcwabo nempilo ekubeletheni. Futhi uma umsebenzi onjalo wayencisha izinsalela amabutho iziboshwa abasha, ungacabanga ukuthi kwakubaluleke kangakanani nzima Karbysheva amadala, okwakukhona kakade ayisikhombisa.

Nokho, ahlala Flyussenbyurge ngayinye wayengalokothi akhononde ukuphathwa ekamu ku izimo abampofu. Ngemva kwempi, iSoviet Union neyaziwayo amagama namaqhawe, kuyelelwe bonyana akukafaneli kuphulwe emakamu okuhlushwa. Ukuziphatha enesibindi jikelele utshele iziboshwa eziningi abaye bavakashela naye kwamanye imisebenzi. Dmitry Karbyshev, a feat okuyinto sizibophezele nsuku zonke, isibe Yisibonelo sokulingiswa lesi. Wagxilisa iziboshwa ukuba nethemba lokuhle uyakulahlwa.

Ngenxa kumakhono obuholi Jikelele adluliselwe kusukela kwelinye ikamu, ngakho akulona wavusa izingqondo nezinye iziboshwa. Ngakho wahamba kulo lonke elaseJalimane, njengoba iziboshwa kweshumi ngokushesha "izimboni sokufa".

Nyanga zonke, izindaba kusukela ngaphambili baba yingozi ubuholi German. Ngemva kokunqoba kwaseStalingrad, Red Army ekugcineni wathatha isinyathelo ezandleni zabo futhi waqala counteroffensive ohlangothini olusentshonalanga. Lapho phambi wasondela imingcele zangaphambi kwempi, iJalimane, waqala ukuthandana kwabantu ngenxa yengozi esiphuthumayo kakhulu zasemakamu okuhlushwa. Abasebenzi kabuhlungu iziboshwa, bese wabalekela ezweni lase. Lo mkhuba kwakwandile.

Ukubulawa eMauthausen

Ngo-1945 Dmitry Karbyshev satholana ekamu lokuhlushwa ngokuthi laseMauthausen. Austria, elalisendaweni kulesi sikhungo ezinyantisayo, kwahlaselwa amasosha aseSoviet.

Ukuze kuvikelwe izingosi ezinjalo njalo unesibopho SS stormtroopers. Yibo labo kwaholela ukucekwa iziboshwa. Ebusuku, Febherbari 18, 1945, baye eqoqwe cishe iziboshwa ayizinkulungwane phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Karbyshev. Lezi ziboshwa uphunyukile ithunyelwa izihlambi, lapho sebephuze yamanzi ice. Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuholela yokuthi abaningi nje senqabe inhliziyo.

Iziboshwa owasinda kokuqala sokuhlushwa, unikezwa zangaphansi futhi wathumela egcekeni. Ngaphandle kwaba sezulu nesithwathwa. Iziboshwa sibambekile ngamaqembu amancane. Ngokushesha baqala ukuya uthulule ye hose umlilo emanzini efanayo obandayo. Jikelele Karbyshev emi isixuku, wanxusa nabo enamathiselwe ngokucacile abuye angabonisi wobugwala. Ezinye ezama ukubaleka kuzo towards Jets ezineqhwa. Bona zathathwa, washaywa ngezinduku truncheons futhi wabuya endaweni. Ekugcineni, cishe yonke abulawe, kuhlanganise Dmitry Karbyshev. Wayeneminyaka engu-64 ubudala.

uphenyo Soviet

Amaminithi bokugcina bokuphila Karbysheva waziwa ekhaya sibonga kobufakazi Canadian Major, ngubani ephethwe ukuze usinde busuku bezigemegeme lwalesi sibhicongo iziboshwa laseMauthausen.

ezilahliwe Kwaqoqwa ulwazi mayelana isiphetho Jikelele eyisithunjwa wakhuluma isibindi sakhe ezehlukile nokuzinikela emsebenzini. Ngo-August 1946, yena waba kwakhe yaklonyeliswa umklomelo omkhulu kunayo yonke ezweni - isihloko Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Esikhathini esizayo, sonke isimo sezenhlalo wavula izikhumbuzo behlonipha yakhe. Libuye igama Jikelele ngokuthi ezitaladini. Itshe lesikhumbuzo main Karbyshev ngokuqinisekile endaweni laseMauthausen. Ngesikhathi indawo yesikhumbuzo wavulwa ekamu lokuhlushwa efile nabangenacala ahlukunyezwe. Lapha kulapho kukhona lesikhumbuzo. Heroes lweMpi Enkulu Patriotic zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa efanelwe nezikhundla zabo lokhu jikelele unbending.

ngomfanekiso waKhe yayidumile ikakhulukazi ngemva kwempi. Iqiniso lokuthi abaningi ojenene, bethathwe kakhulu zasemakamu okuhlushwa, kwakunzima ukwenza namaqhawe wezwe. ngenkani Abaningi babo bathunyelwa emuva ekhaya, futhi abambalwa kakhulu futhi becindezela. Othile hung vlasov kunjalo, abanye babe ku Gulag ngamacala wobugwala. Stalin yena ngiswele yesithombe okumsulwa hero, okungase babe isibonelo okukhulu ngezizukulwane ezizayo Army.

Kwatholakala ukuthini ukuba yindoda futhi Karbyshev. Igama lakhe ngokuvamile kubaneka emakhasini amaphephandaba. Popular kwaba Dmitry Karbyshev izincwadi: I-kwalotshwa imisebenzi eminingana. Ngokwesibonelo, uSergei Vasilyev, anikezelwe Jikelele inkondlo "Isithunzi". Esinye isiboshwa laseMauthausen, Yuri Pilar, kwaba nombhali biography bokubeka "Dumisani" isikhulu.

iziphathimandla zaseSoviet zazama kanzima immortalize ft Karbysheva. Ngesikhathi esifanayo declassified NKVD imibhalo ibonisa ukuthi uphenyo ngokufa kwakhe kwenziwa ngokuxhamazela futhi kuma-oda avela phezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Canadian izinkomba ezinkulu St. Clair (ufakazi wokuqala) babe nesimiso sobuntu sokuhlalisana ngokuthula futhi enganembile. Kulo alimazanga imininingwane eminingi ukuthi biography ke yene Karbysheva.

St. Clair, ku whose fakazi kwaba isiphetho jikelele oshonile, wafa eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kwempi kusukela impilo zonakale. Lapho abaphenyi Soviet wambuza, wayesefile kakade ugulela ukufa. Noma kunjalo, ngo-1948 umbhali Novogrudski Uqede ibhuku olusemthethweni anikezelwe biography Karbysheva. Kuyo, wanezela eziningi amaqiniso mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo St. Clair akakaze okukhulunywa.

Ngaphandle wehlisa ukuziphatha enesibindi ojenene, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange wazama ukuba bavale amehlo ngokuqondene isiphetho nezinye izikhulu eziqavile yempi, ngubani bahlukunyezwa futhi babulawa e emakamelweni sokuhlushwa amaGestapo. Cishe bonke baye baba yizisulu ukunganaki "amambuka" futhi "izitha" inqubomgomo kaStalin.