Izinto Liquid kanye nezici zabo. Isimo liquid ndaba

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, nathi njalo ebhekene ezintathu zithi daba - ketshezi, gaseous futhi eliqinile. Mayelana ukuthi kukhona ukudla okuqinile kanye amagesi esinalo banombono ocacile. Negesi - iqoqo molecule ukuhambisa ngezikhathi zonke izinkomba. Zonke molecule okuqinile-isimo silondoloze ilungiselelo mutual. Zenza iyehla iyenyuka ezincane kuphela.

Izakhiwo lomcebo ketshezi

Futhi ziyini uketshezi? sici yabo eyinhloko ukuthi, bangazihluphi sesimweni Lesisemkhatsini ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlayiya bese kuthi amagesi, bona uhlanganise izakhiwo ezithile kulezi ezimbili uthi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-uketshezi, kanye kanzima (crystalline) emizimbeni bavame ukuba khona ivolumu. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto ketshezi, kanye amagesi athathe isimo isitsha ahlala kuzo. Abaningi bethu bakholelwa ukuthi abanayo ezabo izinhlobo. Nokho, akuyona. Ifomu engokwemvelo noma yiluphi uketshezi - ibhola. Gravity ngokuvamile kuvinjelwe kuthathe leli fomu, Ngakho-ke, kuthatha ifomu uketshezi noma uyisitsha umuntu, noma ukusakaza phezu ungqimba elincanyana.

Ngokusho impahla yayo isimo liquid ndaba kunzima ikakhulukazi, ngenxa isikhundla salo Lesisemkhatsini. Saqala ukuba zihlolwe kusukela esikhathini Archimedes (iminyaka 2200 edlule). Nokho, ukuhlaziya ukuziphatha molecule ketshezi ketshezi namanje ingenye yezindawo ezinzima kunazo zonke isayensi isicelo. Ubhekwa futhi imfundiso ephelele uketshezi sisekhona. Kodwa okuthile ukuziphatha kwabo singasho ngempela nakanjani.

Ukuziphatha-molecule e-liquid

Liquid - okungasisiza agobhoze. Esifushane ububanzi oda nasemkhakheni ilungiselelo izinhlayiya zayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indawo omakhelwane eduze kwayo, maqondana nanoma iyiphi ingxenye kuyalwa. Nokho, njengoba ihamba kude nezinye, isikhundla bayo uma buqhathaniswa nabo kuba kuncipha ngaphambilini, bese oda futhi iphele. izidakamizwa Liquid sakhiwa molecule okuyinto ukuhambisa okuningi ngokukhululekile ezingaphezu kuka e ukudla okuqinile (njengoba wamagesi - ngokukhululekile ngaphezulu). Okwesikhathi esithile, yilowo nalowo kubo odlula kwelinye direction noma omunye, ngaphandle kokuhamba nomakhelwane bayo. Nokho, i-molecule ye ketshezi ngezikhathi siphuma imvelo. Ufika entsha, ukuthuthela endaweni ehlukile. Nalapha futhi, isikhathi esithile kwenza okunjalo oscillation ukunyakaza.

Ya. I. Frenkelya umnikelo ekutadisheni uketshezi

Ya. I. Frenkelyu, usosayensi Soviet, wenza umnikelo omkhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukeni eziningi nezindaba ekubhekaneni isihloko kanjani uketshezi. Chemistry kakhulu waqhubekela phambili sibonga ezitholwe zakhe. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uketshezi ukunyakaza ezishisayo has uhlamvu elandelayo. Ngesikhathi esithile-molecule ngamunye oscillates mayelana yakhoibrium yayo isikhundla. Nokho, lokhu kumenza ukuthi awushintshe indawo yakhe ngezikhathi ezithile, ezihambayo Ukweqa isikhundla esisha lapho ahlukaniswa omunye yangaphambilini ibanga, ngobukhulu-molecule uqobo. Ngamanye amazwi, amangqamuzana ngaphakathi hambisa ewuketshezi, kodwa kancane kancane. Ingxenye isikhathi zihlala mayelana nezindawo ezithile. Ngakho ukunyakaza kwabo kuyinto efana ingxube gas futhi wona wenziwe ukunyakaza okuqinile umzimba. Iyehla iyenyuka endaweni efanayo ngemva kwesikhathi esithile indawo ukudluliswa khulula bengonozulane.

Ingcindezi oketshezini

Ezinye izakhiwo ketshezi ketshezi sekusaziwa yithi sibonga ukuxhumana njalo nabo. Ngakho, isipiliyoni zokuphila kwansuku zonke, siyazi ukuthi izenzo phezu kwezinto eziqinile, okuyizinto nabo ke, amandla aziwayo. Zibizwa ngokuthi amabutho ingcindezi uketshezi.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuvula umgodi umunwe wakho bese uthinta kuhlanganise namanzi, esizizwa ngayo, njengoba ubeka ingcindezi umunwe. A umbhukudi ngubani yacwila ekujuleni kolwandle, akukho ngozi is ukuzwisa ubuhlungu ezindlebeni. Kuyinto ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi walimala indlebe ukuze sicindezele amabutho. Amanzi - into ewuketshezi, ngakho-ke has zonke izakhiwo zalo. Ukuze ukukala izinga lokushisa lamanzi ekujuleni kolwandle, kufanele usebenzise thermometer enamandla kakhulu, ukuze bakwazi ungamchobozi ingcindezi uketshezi.

Le ngcindezi ibangwa kokucindezelwa, okungukuthi, ushintsho umthamo ketshezi. It has maqondana lokhu kuguqulwa kuyaqina. Ingcindezi amandla - lena amandla nokunwebeka. Ngakho-ke, uma izenzo uketshezi emzimbeni nabo it ngalesosikhathi it onomfutho. Kusukela ukuminyana ukwanda ketshezi kokucindezelwa, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi ketshezi ngenhlonipho yoshintsho kwabantu babe kuyaqina.

ukuhwamuka

Eqhubeka property ketshezi ketshezi, uqhubekele ukuhwamuka. Eduze ebusweni, kanye ngqo ebusweni ungqimba amabutho isenzo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona lesi sendlalelo. Abavumeli ukushiya ivolumu zishintshe ketshezi kuwo. Nokho, ezinye zazo ngenxa ezinyakazayo ezishisayo eba isivinini kahle esikhulu ngawo kuba nokwenzeka ukuze nginqobe lezi amabutho futhi ushiye ketshezi. Sibiza lesi simo yokuhwamuka. It kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ngasiphi air lokushisa, kodwa ukwanda izinga yayo ukuhwamuka iyakhula.

ukufingqa

Uma amangqamuzana Ushiye ketshezi esuswa isikhala etholakala eduze kwamanzi, khona-ke lonke, ekugcineni iyasha. Ukube saphuma molecule ayo kungukuthi isuswe, akha ngazimbili. Ukuvaleleka esifundeni, etholakala eduze kobuso ketshezi, amangqamuzana omoya umusi sebengene shi ke amabutho ezikhangayo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukufingqa.

Ngakho-ke, uma amangqamuzana kungukuthi isuswe, izinga ukuhwamuka incipha nge sikhathi. Uma kwabantu umusi kwandisa okwengeziwe, isimo kufinyelelwa lapho isibalo molecule kokushiya isikhathi esithize ketshezi kuyoba ilingane enanini zama-molecule phinda ngesikhathi esifanayo kuwo. Ngakho kukhona isimo yakhoibrium ashukumisayo. Isitimu ezikuyo, ibizwa ngokuthi te. ingcindezi kanye kwabantu wayo kwanda okwandisa izinga lokushisa. Ayanda kunjalo, aba maningi inombolo zishintshe ketshezi kumanele amandla ukuhwamuka futhi ke kumele kube kwabantu ephakeme ngababili ukuze ijahe vaporization ungase ukufingqa.

abilayo

Lapho Ukushisa inqubo uketshezi ibangelwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lapho umusi ayegcwele babe ingcindezi efanayo imvelo bangaphandle, lizama ukuzivumelanisa Kumiswa phakathi umusi ayegcwele kanye ketshezi. Uma uketshezi yazisa isamba esengeziwe sika-ukushisa ngokushesha lingena umusi ukuguqulwa elihambisana mass okusamanzi. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi abilayo.

Ukubila kuyinto ukuhwamuka okukhulu ketshezi. It ayilethwa nje ebusweni, futhi sithinta yonke umthamo yayo. Kungakapheli umusi ketshezi Bubbles ukuvela. Ukuze hamba kusuka uketshezi umusi, amangqamuzana udinga ukuthenga amandla. Kuyadingeka ukuba sinqobe amandla okudonsa bona agcinwa in uketshezi ngawo.

abilayo

Abilayo iphuzu - ingenye lapho kukhona ukulingana yezingcindezi ezimbili - kanye ingaphandle umusi ayegcwele. It kwandisa ne ingcindezi enkulu kunciphe nge ukwehla yayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphakama uketshezi ikholomu ingcindezi izinguquko therein abilayo kwenzeka emazingeni ehlukene ngaphansi kwamazinga ahlukahlukene okushisa. Kuphela umusi ayegcwele, elise ngaphezu kwamanzi uketshezi kule nqubo abilayo, izinga lokushisa ethile. Okunqumayo kuphela ingcindezi yangaphandle. Yilokho, esinazo emqondweni uma sikhuluma abilayo. It ahluke e uketshezi ehlukene kabanzi ubuciko, ikakhulukazi ziphuzo zazihluzwa we-petroleum.

ukushisa esicashile ka vaporization - nenani ukushisa edingekayo ukuguqula ethile isothermally umusi uketshezi lapho ingcindezi yangaphandle kuyafana elihlale umusi ingcindezi.

Properties of films ketshezi

Sonke siyazi mayelana nokuthi kungenwa kanjani Foam by Ukuqedwa insipho emanzini. Kayisilutho ngaphandle sebuningini Bubbles, okuyinto anqunyelwe uketshezi ehlanganisa ifilimu elincanyana. Nokho, ukwakha Foam ketshezi nawo ayatholakala futhi ifilimu ehlukile. Amandla ayo Ziyathakazelisa. La mafilimu kungaba mncane kakhulu: ukushuba ezingxenyeni thinnest ka kungekho senkulungwane ezingaphezu kwekhulu we milimitha. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi zingabantu asishintshi neze, naphezu kwale mizamo. Soap ifilimu okufanele abekeke ukusonteka futhi stretchability, odlula ke yamanzi, kuyilapho nawe ungalushayi uwuchithe. Sazi kanjani ukuchaza ukuzinza ezinjalo? Ukuze ifilimu khona, kubalulekile ukuze ungeze into emsulwa ketshezi ziyoncibilika kuwo. Kodwa akubona bonke, futhi lezo kakhulu ukunciphisa ebusweni ukungezwani.

Liquid ifilimu Emvelweni Nobuchwepheshe

Ubunjalo ubuciko sihlangana ikakhulukazi hhayi amabhayisikobho ngabanye, kodwa Foam, okuyinto iqoqo kubo. Kungaba ngokuvamile kubonakala ukusakaza lapho emanzini azolile udedele zangena encane. Ikhono amanzi foam kulokhu ixhunyaniswe khona udaba eziphilayo, okuyinto isitshalo izimpande angawodwa. Lesi sibonelo ketshezi lwemvelo Foam ejenti. Futhi kwenzeka kanjani ukuba ngobuchwepheshe? Lapho ngokwakha, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ukuthi akheke yeselula ukuthi sifana Foam. Ziyakwazi kulula, ezishibhile, uqine ngokwanele, abaqhubi abampofu ukushisa nemisindo. Ukuze nabo isixazululo ekhethekile kungezwe ukugqugquzela ejenti yesivini.

isiphetho

Ngakho siyazi lapho izinto kukhona uketshezi, baye bathola ukuthi ketshezi iyisimo ndaba Lesisemkhatsini phakathi gaseous futhi eliqinile. Ngakho-ke, it has izakhiwo nobuntu kokubili. zinhlayiya Liquid, okuyinto manje kabanzi ubuciko umkhakha (isib liquid crystal display) kukhona ngesibonelo esiphawulekayo kule isimo ndaba. Kulezi izakhiwo kuhlanganiswe kwezinto eziqinile futhi uketshezi. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi into ewuketshezi usungula isayensi esizayo. Nokho, kusobala ukuthi kule isimo ndaba has a zinethuba lokuthuthuka engasetshenziswa ukuze kuzuze isintu.

Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile ukucabangela amandla izinqubo zemvelo namakhemikhali okwenzeka isimo uketshezi, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi umuntu 90% amanzi, okuyinto ketshezi ezivamile Emhlabeni. Kuyinto kule ndawo zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile e nezitshalo phakathi kwezilwane. Ngakho-ke, kithi sonke ukuba empeleni ukufunda isimo liquid ndaba.