Izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zaseRussia nomlando wabo

Bahlale behlala emathunzini, kodwa benza umsebenzi omkhulu. Futhi kulo msebenzi ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekupheleni kwesifunda. Izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zaseRussia iyisitsha samandla, kanye nehhovisi lomshushisi, inkantolo, ibutho, elibonisa inqubomgomo yombuso wabo nokwenza ngokuqondene nalesi simo. Ngakho bekuhlale njalo futhi kuzo zonke izifunda.

Umlando wamasevisi akhethekile uya, mhlawumbe, emakhulwini eminyaka yasendulo, ngalezo zikhathi lapho iRussia iqasha izinhloli. Khona-ke izitho zokuqala zokusesha zavela, ukuhlakanipha kwezempi. Ngendlela, isibonakaliso salezi zitho kwakungu- bat. Imibiko yayisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nokuhlaselwa komakhelwane yizikhulu zakudala zaseRussia, ngokuqhuba izimpi zokunqoba.
Ngokusemthethweni, imisebenzi ekhethekile yaseRussia yabhalwa ngaphansi kokubusa kukaTsar Alexis ngo-1649. Ekhuluma ngokuphepha, waqala ukuchaza abaculi ukuba basebenze ehhovisi lakhe. Ngo-1654g. Kwakubizwa ngokuthi i-oda eyimfihlo, izikhulu zazo zaziphethe amandla akhethekile. Ngemuva kokushona kwenkosi yahlakazwa, amacala adluliselwa ku- oda lommeli. Lo myalelo wawungaphansi kwe-tsar kuphela, walandela imisebenzi ye-voivode, izinxusa, izikhungo zombuso, ezisebenzisana nokuhlakanipha kanye nezombusazwe. Imisebenzi ekhethekile yaseRussia yayisenamandla kakhulu, kodwa izinyathelo zokuqala zikahulumeni ekuthuthukiseni kwazo zenziwe.

Ngezinguquko zikaPeter I kwakukhona amaphoyisa ajwayelekile, uMnyango Wezangaphakathi (ekunqothulweni kwazo zonke izakhiwo zamaphoyisa ekugcineni zahamba), nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Amaphoyisa ahlukaniswe waba yi-gendarmerie, isifunda, idolobha nokusebenza-ukucinga.
Lezi ziqephu zaziyizinhloko ezinkulu nezindawo ezinkulu futhi, futhi, zahlukaniswa zaba yiParish, lapho amaphoyisa ayekhonza khona. Ezifundeni kwakukhona amakamu, kanye nabasizi. Emadolobheni, imisebenzi yamaphoyisa yayiqhutshwa ngabalindi bendawo. Ngo-1903. Ngenhloso yokuqinisa amaphoyisa ase-county, kwaqalwa umlindi wamaphoyisa, ngokusekelwe kumahhashi namaphoyisa.

Iminyango yezokuphepha kanye namahhovisi omphenyi enza imisebenzi yokusebenza-yokusesha.
I-gendarmerie yayinamandla kakhulu. Izidumbu zama-gendarmes (ezahlukana, ezadalwa ngo-1827) zinebutho lezempi kuzo zonke izici (ukulwa, ezomnotho, ezokuphatha) futhi zingaphansi koMnyango Wezempi, futhi ngo-1880 kwakuyingxenye yoMnyango Wezangaphakathi.

Ngokushesha phambili ngekhulu lesishiyagalolunye. Ngemuva kwe- Revolution ka-Okthoba, iRussia idinga ulwazi mayelana nesitha kanye nezinhlelo zakhe eziyimfihlo ukuze zivikele izithakazelo zazo.
Kunqunywe ukudala isevisi yokuzimela ye-Cheka - OGPU, enezinyunithi zamaqembu e-Chekist namasosha, okungenzeka ukuthi izixazululo ezizimele zokuqashelwa nokuqashelwa kwemisebenzi, kodwa umgomo oyinhloko kwakuwukulwa nokunyakaza okuqhubekayo. Khona-ke izinkonzo ezikhethekile zaseRussia zashintsha igama labo izikhathi eziningi. 1920g. - Cheka eN NKVD ye-RSFSR.

1941, ngoFebhuwari - eminyangweni yamandla iphinda ihlelwe kabusha: i-NKVD ihlukaniswe yaba yi-People's Commissariats. Omunye wabo - izindaba zangaphakathi, owesibili - umbuso. Ukuphepha. Izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zaseRashiya ziyazimele.

1941, Julayi - NKGB kanye ne-NKVD babumbene zibe NKVD eyodwa, ebalulekile.

1943 - Insizakalo ye-State Counterintelligence Service "Smersh" idalwe futhi ihamba ngaphansi kwegunya leKhomishana Yabantu.

Ngemuva kwempi, enye ihlelwa kabusha.
1946, Mashi - eyadalwa yi-USSR MGB, umsebenzi wayo - u-intelligence no-counterintelligence. Kokubili ngaphakathi kwezwe, nangaphandle, emhlabeni jikelele.

1954, Mashi - ukudalwa komzimba omusha - i-KGB (uhlakaniphile, i-counterintelligence), eyayikhona ngaphambi kokuwa kwe-USSR.

1991. - enye ukuhlelwa kabusha. I-KGB ihlukaniswe ngamasevisi ahlukene: ukulinda emngceleni, ukulondeka kombuso, ukuxhumana kukahulumeni, counterintelligence, ukuqashelwa.

Unyaka ngaphambi kokuhlelwa kabusha, i-USSR ingena ku-Interpol. Futhi ngo-September 1993, iRussia, njengomlandeli wezomthetho, ilungu le-ICPO-Interpol.
Izinyanga ezimbalwa, i-NCB iqoqa isipiliyoni, iyayihlola iphinde idale amasevisi akhethekile aseRussia, asekhona.