Izinkuni izinhlobo: izici, izinhlobo, GOST, isicelo

ububanzi Wanamuhla ezahlukene izinto zokhuni ukukhetha ebanzi ngoba lokho bahlangabetana nebumatima kanye nencazelo izinga. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kumadokhumenti elikulesi sihloko libonisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo kanye Ukucaciswa, ungakhohlwa izincomo ongoti abasebenza ukuqaliswa kwezinkuni. Ngaphambi ukuthenga kumele ayejwayele ukukhubazeka kungenzeka kunomthelela oqonde ngqo ku izindleko nezakhiwo indaba, kanye ukucutshungulwa amasu kanye nezici kwesakhiwo ukuthi babe izinkuni. Amabanga, zohlobo nemibandela nokwanda kuyizinto nezici eziyinhloko Ukukhetha izinga impahla kanye samuntu elikhulu ukusetshenziswa kwalo.

Izici

Timber, njenganoma iyiphi nezinye izinto zokwakha, oluthathwa by grade. Lokhu ipharamitha incike izinga ukhuni ukucutshungulwa kanye nezici zayo. Ukuze ubone ukuthi uhlobo ithuluzi eyisipesheli edingekayo, ukuze iningi ongoti. Kunoma ikuphi kubalulekile unake okukhethekile ukubukeka ethengwayo ukunquma izinga nenjongo.

Izinkuni: Ibanga 1

Amabanga enzelwe ngezinombolo kusukela zi oyedwa kuya kwabahlanu. Ukukhethwa kuyakhethwa ezihlukahlukene zokhuni, GOST okuyinto has a nohlaka ngesandla esiqinile phezu izinga material. It is lisetshenziswe shipbuilding futhi abuzange isici esincane.

Notch phezu workpieces kungenzeka iminonjana samanje ukuqhekeka okuncane, ifindo kanye ezidabula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kube khona amnyama, iminonjana izilokazane, abolile, ukhunta kanye isikhunta. Ngo Isibonelo izinga nhlangothi zombili amabhodi lingasetshenziswa - ke kufanele kube elomile khulula izinhlayiya isikhumba esifile, longitudinal ngokusebenzisa izikhala kanye umonakalo obonakalayo. akufanele kube roll core, kanye nokuthambekela isiyonke le micu kungaba ngaphakathi 5%. Le mikhiqizo zinezikhathi ukungabi sesimweni esingamukelekile futhi ukubukeka ekhangayo. Zisetshenziswa kokuqeda, Ingaphandle, umsebenzi angaphakathi, ekwakhiweni izakhi umthwalo esindayo.

Izinkuni: Ibanga 2

Lokhu kwaziswa, ngokungafani lokuqala, angase abe inqwaba zamehlo. Kungaba ukwethula ufa nge ubude hhayi ngaphezulu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuso sonke umkhiqizo. Kulokhu ahlale nemingcele efanayo ebubanzini nasekujuleni kwazo, ukujula. Mhlawumbe khona eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izimuncagazi elandelayo abancane eziningana. Imihlobo sokuqala nesesibili ukhuni ukungezwani okuncane, Nokho inketho yokugcina imzuzele ethé chithi saka kakhulu izicelo ongaphandle.

Amabanga 3, 4, 5

Okwesithathu grade amapulangwe for decking, ambozwe, futhi athwala umthwalo encane. Kungaba khona cishe zonke izinhlobo ukukhubazeka, kuhlanganise iminonjana Wormholes, ukubola, black indawo nangesikhunta. Mhlawumbe khona ukuqhekeka ejulile nge ubude akukho kuka ubude yonke we sihloko.

grade Okwesine isetshenziswa uma ukusika zibe amalunga ezincane, izakhi ukwakhiwa ngaphansi komthwalo ubuncane, kanye womshini emaphaketheni. Le mfuneko esemqoka iwukuthi GOST isici ubuqotho, lapho kungenzeka ukukhubazeka samanje futhi yimuphi ebusweni bawo wonke isakhiwo.

Ikhwalithi aphansi has ebangeni lesihlanu. It ayenzelwanga sheathing, ifenisha kanye nezinye imisebenzi. kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe i-labadubuli ka fireplaces futhi izitofu.

Zonke izinhlobo zinenani ezahlukene futhi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezithile. Ukwazi uhlobo ukhuni, awukwazi kuphela ukukhetha impahla ezifanele izici oyifunayo, kodwa futhi ukulondoloza isabelomali, ngoba kwezinye izimo bangakwazi esikhundleni nomunye.

izinaliti

Izinkuni itiyela ihlukile, iphunga okunoshukela futhi isakhiwo ecacile. I kabanzi uthenge kakhulu umsedari, * nomthidari, uphayini, basuke asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni izinto ezihlukahlukene, kanye ukwakhiwa kwezindlu nezinye izakhiwo. Indawo ehamba phambili kuhlala zikaphayini, ungaba lowehlukile, okuyinto akuxhomekile izinga ukwelashwa.

Phakathi izinzuzo uzinake ikuphi ukudlala, amandla, ukumelana weathering nezinqubo negative elibi ngenxa okuqukethwe eliphezulu inhlaka. It ahluke isakhiwo okuxekethile oluqinisekisa adhesion okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze upende.

Ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi iyindawo yesibili ngokuya ithandwa. Uneziqu uhlu olude kangaka amathuba, ezifana zikaphayini, kunzima kakhulu ukucubungula ngenxa isakhiwo luthe ukuqina, kanti iqoqo ifindo. Ngenxa okuqukethwe ubuncane inhlaka, imikhiqizo ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi unayo i degree isilinganiso ukumelana ejenti emkhathini futhi abolile.

Amabanga softwood oluthathwa kanye wokhuni oluqinile, amazinga izinga kuchazwe GOST 24454-80. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphezu namagama ezinombolo angu- zivame atholakele emakwe izinhlamvu A kuya E. Lokhu okufanele sicabange ngazo lapho ukuthenga impahla, hhayi ukuthi usephutheni bakwazi ukuzikhethela abayithandayo.

Hardwood

Kwemikhiqizo ethathwe izihlahla lezihlahla babe ukusatshalaliswa eliphakeme futhi okuncane, iphunga cishe imperceptible, okuyinto kuba obonakalayo phakathi kwenqubo futhi ukuzisika kuphela. Hardwood (ezifana oki, umlotha, birch) esisemqoka ukukhiqizwa ifenisha kanye flooring. Ngamunye wabo has izici zayo siqu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-oki has high amandla izici nokuzabalazela abolile. Isakhiwo esiqinile ivumela ukudala phezu amaphethini ezicashile isetshenziselwe ukudala iziqobosho elementi lwalugobile.

Aspen, basswood futhi Alder kukhona amamaki ezithambile kwezinkuni. Lokhu okufana kuvamile ukwakhiwa kanye itholakala ngendlela amaphrofayli, Linings, izingodo kanye izingodo. ukhuni Soft has a degree aphansi density njengoba kuqhathaniswa ne Analogue zokhuni kufanele luphathwe compounds ekhethekile zokuzivikela ukuvimbela ukubola.

ukukhubazeka

Ukuphazamiseka kwekhono ngokuthi iminonjana umonakalo mechanical ezivele ngo ukuphatha ezokuthutha. Emthambekeni okusanhlamvu ngokuvamile ibonakala ngemuva ukuhlukana eksisi longitudinal. Eduze ugobile ifindo ngokuvamile samanje okungaba cross-cutting, ngenxa lapho izinga material liwohloka.

Ikhwalithi kwezinkuni asithinti nje kuphela idwala, kodwa izimo ezikhulayo (lokushisa, umswakama). Indaba zanoma iluphi uhlobo, eliqoshwe ezifundeni ezahlukene angahluka elincane ubulukhuni. Lokhu ipharamitha kukalwa ngezinga elingelikhulu, kuqalwa esithathwayo lapho nobulukhuni oki.

imikhiqizo Ukuvikeleka ibonisa ukumelana umonakalo lokukhanda luyehluka kuye khona amacala, umswakama kanye zohlobo. Ngamandla ehloselwe umkhawulo ukucindezeleka, okuholela ubuqotho impahla.

Indlela ukukhetha

Kunconywa ukuba ahlole izinto bebodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga. ukuze Remote kungenzeka kuphela kusukela abahlinzeki elihle. Ngaphambi kokuya ishede, kubalulekile ukuthatha indiza, lapho ufuna ngokushesha ukuklina amasayithi enobuthi ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi izingqimba kanye nemibala.

Okubaluleke kakhulu yiyona ukuhlolwa ngoba khona Imicu non-iyunifomu izingqimba, ifindo kanye imifantu. Ikhwalithi kanye nokwenzeka ukusetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe ukhuni omiswe umphumela. Uma engafanele ukwenziwa mhlawumbe ngokuhlaziya, ukwephulwa geometry futhi Ukubeka usayizi kabusha.

Yini okufanele uzibheke

Iningi abahlinzeki ayatholakala izinhlobo esithambile softwood - zikaphayini, * nomthidari, sonwele nabanye. Ngokuvamile, le nto waqaphela ngesimo izakhi Ubukhulu ejwayelekile. Kulesi ukucutshungulwa okufanele abekeke eyodwa noma ngaphezulu evele. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe, ngoba ngemva planing Ubukhulu izingxenye ziyancipha a kwangu ambalwa, kanye nemingcele langempela kuzohluka kulezo okwaboniswa nabathengisi.

Hlunga softwood ezivezwa khona ukukhubazeka sakugcina (ukuqhekeka okuncane, amafindo), kanye ukufana izingqimba. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa siyafanelana ukukhethwa ulwelwesi kanye nezinye izinto kokuqeda. ongakhetha izinga ngokubukeka lihle edingekayo womshini ifenisha kanye joinery. Izikhwepha High kuyadingeka kwetinhlavu izakhiwo zifanelekile lokhu izinto injongo kungukuthi ngokuvamile atholakala khona emakethe ukwakhiwa, njengoba wenza ku-oda.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge kumele uhlole ubukhona bamagama nezitifiketi nokufakazela kumbhalo womkhiqizo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokusebenzisa isitifiketi saziso kumelwe zenzeke, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zayo izinkuni, kodwa abakhiqizi kakhulu zama ukwenza lapho kumele balungise isimo ezifanele zazo zonke imikhiqizo ithengiswe.