Izinkolelo-mbono Personality Development

Ukuze siphendule umbuzo othi kungani nokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwenzeka, kufanele, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuphendula umbuzo ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthuthukiswa ngamunye se. Iyasebenza ajwayelekile izwi lapha, yebo, lahlotshaniswa nokuba ukuphelela, kodwa ngomqondo yesayensi, okuqukethwe nezincazelo ngaphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, sithi: "inqubo nokucekelwa ethuthuka." Sisho yilo? Lokho esikushoyo kunganika? Ngokwemvelo, okusho ukuthuthuka enjalo akakwazi ngokuthi. Ngakho-ke, ngokucabangela abantu inqubo ukuthuthukiswa, sidzinga ukucaciswa kokuqala.

Ukuhlala kwelinye mibandela, okuyinto ngokwalo ingenye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma, kodwa kunalokho - metatheory, ephatha umuntu indaba into bese ezingokomoya universe. Namuhla le nkinga okuyisihloko nesayensi izifundo, ngenxa yokuthi akukho isayensi olulodwa yesimanjemanje abakwazi ukunikeza izimpendulo oluphelele zemibuzo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Uma silinganisela kwenkululeko kokucubungula izinkinga bendabuko, lwezenhlalo nengqondo yesihloko, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kulo mqondo, sizosebenza ukuhlaziywa into (umuntu, kulokhu), ekuqaleni ekhona esimweni esithile sokuqala.

Kuze kube manje, imfundiso ethandwa kakhulu yentuthuko ubuntu (noma iphuzu nekutfutfuka kwelizinga buka, kufinyeta eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eziningana), okuyizinto impikiswano kakhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingabe insufficiently athuthukile. Lokhu ukungabi ukuthuthukiswa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi zingabantu, ngokuvumelana ongomunye wabacwaningi ovelele le nkinga, Maslow, "ezingeni eliphakeme Abstraction."

Sibiza futhi sibheke ezinye zazo.

ithiyori Psychosexual lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu (Freud), njengoba izici evelele ukuthi ukunquma nentuthuko yomuntu siqu, avelele ezifana isifiso, ngokomzwelo futhi izici eziyinkimbinkimbi of ocansini-indima ukuziphatha ngamunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Freud nabalandeli bakhe izigaba ezinhlanu oyinhloko ukwakha ubuntu.

Ngo umbono onjalo yentuthuko ubuntu njengoba ukuhlaziywa zenhlalo ezithinta ingqondo, ababhali (E.Erikson, El'konin), ngokungafani Freud, ukuthuthukiswa evelele bheka isici nomphakathi. izici evelele kule nqubo kukhona izici zenhlalakahle kanye zomlando, amasiko kanye ngokomoya. Ngakho, ngokwale ndlela Erikson, ngamunye esiteji lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu lihlotshaniswa lokunqoba ukungqubuzana ethile, ubunjalo okuyinto incike yobudala, izimbangela zangaphandle, futhi ezinye izisusa eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, izingxabano esikoleni, njengoba umthetho, bavame sehliselwe unqobe kuwukuphikisana eziphakamayo intsha esikhulakhulile phakathi umuzwa wokuba mncane nokukhuthala, ekuqondeni izimiso inkululeko ukungasiqondi indima izindinganiso zokuziphatha ukuziphatha umkhawulo le nkululeko, njll

Okwazekayo, ukuthuthukiswa ubuntu edumile sokusebenza kwengqondo French futhi uthisha Jean Piaget umbandela eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kunqunywa bokusungula, sphere engqondweni yethu, ngakho-ke umcabango we Piaget owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi yobuchopho. Kokuvelela esithile lo mbono aluthola ngesikhathi kunenkulumompikiswano wesayense abavelele pedology Soviet Vygotsky. Ekhulunywe kwaba indaba yemfundo yamabanga aphansi kanye, kanye nentuthuko. Ngokusho Piaget, instar ngasinye siqukethe imikhawulo ethile eqine of amakhono abantu yobuchopho.

Vygotsky wathi abalandeli bakhe - PP Blonsky futhi AN Leontiev - kohlaka umsebenzi ubuntu theory wagomela ukuthi ukunamathela kuleyo mingcele cishe unqobe ngosizo izici zangaphandle, lokho kungaba isinyathelo imfundo nokuqeqeshwa ngokuyinhloko.

L. Kohlberg, esekelwe ukubukwa ka Piaget, ithuthukiswe imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukuthuthukiswa, nenqubo eziyisisekelo zinkomba izindinganiso zokuziphatha. It uthi kukhona ubuhlobo okuqondile phakathi nabanengqondo futhi zokuziphatha. Ngalo mqondo, waqokomisa predkonventsionalny futhi izigaba postconventional yentuthuko siqu, okuyinto, ngokusho abameleli yokufundisa, liqeda iminyaka engu-25.

imfundiso Behaviouristic noma zokuziphatha (L. Kolberg) uyazicabangela ukuthuthukiswa komuntu njengoba inqubo unomphela okwandisa ekwandiseni indima yayo isethi, okuyinto ibangelwa ukuqeqeshwa.

ithiyori neyobuntu (Rogers, Maslow) ubheka indoda njengoba isiphetho ngokwakho lwesintu lulonke. Ngokombono wabo, kunzima kakhulu ukusungula iyiphi regularities the Dynamics into enjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto umuntu, ubuntu. Ngakho (umuntu) kuyinto oludonsa, ukuthuthukisa ngokuvumelana nemithetho yayo siqu sokudalwa, ku logic of ukuthuthukiswa okuyinto akufanele kuphazamise nhlobo, kungaba kuphela zokubhekana naso.

Kuze kube manje, kukhona isungule ngentuthuko mayelana nodaba ngabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda amathuba namakhono umuntu ushintsha ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi kanjalo siyashintsha nokuqonda yalezi zinhlelo. Lezi zinkolelo-mbono cabanga nje sesaba ukuhlanganyela ezicini ezithile nentuthuko yomuntu siqu.