Izinhlobo umdlavuza, zokufuya imithi yabo. I esiyingozi kakhulu uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza

Kuze kube manje, udaba nezokusigcoba kakhulu - wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza. Ngaphambi kokuba ucabangele ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izinhlobo umdlavuza akhona futhi yimuphi eliyingozi kakhulu impilo nokuphila.

Umdlavuza. Uhlolojikelele

Umdlavuza - isifo esiyingozi abulalayo, okuyinto eba kusukela amaseli EPITHELIAL of enempilo futhi kungathinta kabi noma isiphi isitho noma isimiso umzimba womuntu. Kuze kube namuhla, ukukhula okungavamile amaseli kubangela kahle futhi engakaze wafunda. Ngoba kulapho siyaliqaphela amaqiniso zonke ezaziwayo emkhakheni wezokwelapha yesimanje, kuba lula ukuyigwema noma uthole indlela ngqo.

Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi ukubukeka umdlavuza elihlobene ne ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ka kwezicubu zomzimba. Kodwa lokhu akuzange efakazelwe, kanye nezinye izinguqulo.

Izimbangela. izinhlobo umdlavuza

Ophethe ulwazi ngezimbangela ongavikela ubani, ngoba noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu, isengozini. Nazi izizathu ezimbalwa ezivamile sichaze uhlobo ukubukeka amaseli angaphandle nomzimba:

• ukungcoliswa komoya;
• kwezinso zofuzo;
• zisebenzisa nicotine;
• ukuvuvukala esigabeni ezingamahlalakhona;
• amagciwane kanye nezifo;
• ukuluthwa utshwala;
• carcinogens, okuyinto manje esetshenziswa cishe yonke into, futhi sigweme izenzo okuyinto bengayi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo nomdlavuza? Izinhlobo eziningana:

• carcinoma - uhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza esithinta emphinjeni, wendlala, webele;
• Umdlavuza wegazi - umdlavuza ukuthi itholakala umnkantsha, kodvwa lisiniketa ticondziso metastases wonke umzimba;
• Sarcoma - umdlavuza ephakama emangqamuzaneni uhlelo lymph.

umdlavuza wegazi. uhlobo oluvame

umdlavuza Igazi futhi ngokuthi komdlavuza hematological. Lena leqembu lezifo sokuhamba kwegazi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izinhlobo eziyingozi ikakhulukazi lomdlavuza wegazi, kuba wegazi, gematosarkoma, lymphoma, angioma, ezingamahlalakhona wegazi myelogenous, acute wegazi lymphoblastic, wegazi acute nezinye monoblastozny.

Umdlavuza wegazi kubonakala ukwephulwa yokuzihlukanisa kwamangqamuzana ngokwemisebenzi yawo kanye ekwandeni amaseli hematopoietic umnkantsha. Ngalesi zokugula emzimbeni luyakha inqwaba amangqamuzana omdlavuza, okuyinto angahlangabezani noma umsebenzi owodwa, kodwa kuphela kancane ubuthi emzimbeni. Umdlavuza wegazi avame ushaya abantu asebekhulile noma izingane kuze iminyaka 4.

umdlavuza zangasese. umdlavuza lesizalo

Izimila kwezitho zobulili - izimila ebulalayo, okungase kuthinte izitho zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Common kwabesifazane umdlavuza kwesibeletho. Izinhlobo umdlavuza wesibeletho ezithinta abesifazane ephakathi kwengu-55 no-70, kodwa ngokuvamile kukhona okuhlukile lapho abesifazane abasha kakhulu zihlolwa, babeka ukuxilongwa esabekayo - umdlavuza endometrium. Kukhona uhlobo ama-hormone ezizimele.

• I-hormone - kuyinto "abasha" umdlavuza kwenzeka kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-40, ngubani esemncane wahlupheka nezinkinga nge kwesisu, ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela, Hyperglycemia, kanye nezinye izinkinga.
• Autonomous ebonwe abesifazane abadala - iminyaka 60-70. Iziguli ezinjalo kufanele kucikelela sehliselwe amahomoni yokuntuleka iziyaluyalu umzimba kohlelo endocrine.

Umdlavuza pheshana emathunjini

Izimila isisu namathumbu - isifo ovamile kakhulu. Kuyaziwa lezi zinhlobo umdlavuza isisu kanye pheshana emathunjini:

• polypoid - mayelana 6% wazo zonke lezi zinhlobo, futhi umphumela wawo ukuthi umdlavuza ukudla ekhaya odongeni esiswini. izindawo okungavamile ehlaselwe umdlavuza, kahle ivelele ngokumelene inyama ephilile;
• carcinoma umdlavuza noma isilonda-isithakazelo uzwakalise - has mayelana 36%, imiphetho ebonakalayo abukhali, kodwa cishe akahlukile izilonda esiswini;
• carcinoma esinqunyiwe - akanayo imiphetho ecacile, ngenhla ezingeni kwezicubu evamile futhi sithinta izindawo ezinkulu esiswini;
• umdlavuza infiltrative - eba ngaphakathi kwezindonga esiswini, nzima ukuhlonza;
• adenocarcinoma - siqala kusukela amaseli mucosal, ukuba ngqo - of epithelium yezindlala.

Futhi, uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza colon:

• adenocarcinoma;
• lymphoma;
• carcinoma;
• leykomiosarkoma.

Izinhlobo emathunjini ipheshana umdlavuza ungakheka iyakhula, kodwa zingenziwa ikhambi kahle nge ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi a oncologist onguchwepheshe.

umdlavuza wamaphaphu. I esiyingozi kakhulu uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza

umdlavuza wamaphaphu - isimila esibulalayo kuphakama kusukela epithelium bronchial. Ochwepheshe uthole ukuthi yini izinhlobo umdlavuza, futhi ukutadisha pathogenesis zabo, sathola ukuthi isimila wamaphaphu - umdlavuza kakhulu okuyisimo esisongela ukuphila.

umdlavuza wamaphaphu:

• central - ikakhulu kuthinta bronchi;
• neuropathy - isimila likhula kusuka alveoli futhi yomoya elincane;
• mediastinal - libhekene ukubukeka okusheshayo metastases e-lymph;
• ifomu eqonda - semali foci sokugembula cell ukukhula ephashini izicubu;
• Sarcoma;
• umdlavuza kuqhoqhoqho ;
• kahle umahluko. umdlavuza wamaphaphu yalolu hlobo - omunye esiyingozi kakhulu.

Ziyini izimbangela zalesi sifo esesabekayo? Ngokuyinhloko ku okuvela wamaphaphu izimila ehlaselwe ukubhema. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukubhema nemphambosi yekwentiwa. Kwakona nje ka ukuhogela carcinogens kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokuba nomdlavuza. Esinye isici ukuthi kungabangela lezi zinhlobo zomdlavuza, kungenziwa behlukene contact ubuthi, ezifana ne-nickel, cadmium, i-arsenic.

Ufuzo futhi kunendima nesisekelo isimila, kanye nezinto ezifana njalo yokuchayeka emisebeni ye, imvelo abampofu, isifo samaphaphu, kanye nabanye.

umdlavuza mammary

Yiziphi izinhlobo umdlavuza abesifazane? Ngokuvamile, abesifazane iyathinteka nezindlala mammary. Lesi sifo kuholela uhlu pathologies yingozi kakhulu futhi njalo. Uhlushwa webele izimila ikakhulukazi abesifazane ephakathi kwengu-40 no-60, kodwa lesi sifo ngokushesha ukuthola bebancane kunalokhu futhi ukuhlinzeka kakade webele umdlavuza ezithinta amantombazane asemancane.

izimila Iningi ukuthi kuthola mammolog noma abesifazane ngokwabo, kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi ingozi. It galactocele, fibro-fibrosis webele isifo wamabele fibroadenoma. izinhlobo ezinjalo zezifo, umdlavuza sitholakale ngesikhathi elikhulu operably oncologists sitholakale iphathwa, mhlawumbe ngisho kokususwa nezindlala mammary ukuze ugweme kabusha inqubo.

Ziyini izimbangela of normal cell ukukhula indlala mammary:

• anomalies ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza webele;
• utshwala, ukubhema kanye nezinye imikhuba emibi kukhona obalulekile ingozi factor, uma ucabangela yofuzo sowesifazane;
• indawo embi, komoya, namanzi ompofu izinga ukuphuza;
• zilethwe sekudlule nakho kungase inhlamvu kokuqala ekuqaleni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology;
• ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside izidakamizwa hormone nabanye.

Umdlavuza webele ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi oncologist ziphathwe kucedza ukuphindaphinda.

izimpawu umdlavuza

Inkinga iwukuthi umdlavuza akukuniki kusaqalwa yentuthuko kube nomthelela, futhi ekuhlonzweni kuphela kuzosiza sithole khona nobukhali inqubo isifo.

izimpawu umdlavuza zihlanganisa:

• okusheshayo kwesisindo;
• imfiva isikhathi eside;
• isimo enganakwa, futhi ukutubeka ngaphandle kwesizathu;
• zingashintsha umbala, ijamo, isayizi birthmarks noma amavukuzi;
• avele izilonda ngomlomo;
• ekugcineni ezikhulayo ubuhlungu.

Ngaphandle izimpawu eziyinhloko nezihlukene ethize. Isikhathi eside kangakanani inxeba lokufelwa ukuphulukiswa ungakhuluma mayelana nezinguquko kumaseli emzimbeni, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi walo - izinqubo umdlavuza. osenyameni atypical noma ukopha, nezinkinga urinary kungase kubonise khona amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni.

Ukuxilongwa zomdlavuza

Kuze kube manje, kukhona namanje izinkinga eziningi kungalungiswanga okuyinto ifakwa ngaphambi Oncology. zomdlavuza liguquke futhi babe invulnerable. Ukuze ukwelashwa eliphezulu kubalulekile ukuxilonga izifo ngendlela efanele.

Ngenxa yale njongo, ukwelapha ultrasound, CT scan, mammography (ukuhlonza izinhlobo umdlavuza webele), indlela endoscopic ngoba zokuba uchwepheshe wokuhlola izimila esiswini, emphinjeni namathumbu,-magnetic resonance imaging, radioisotope uphethwe, kanye nabanye.

Olunye ulwazi mayelana cwaningo-X-ray - indlela eyinhloko komdlavuza.

Radiography isetshenziswa ngesikhathi kancane esolwa izinqubo sokugembula kumaseli. Nale ndlela, ungakwazi ukuhlola iphaphu, ikholoni, isisu, amathambo. Muva saqala ukusebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile - bronhografii, angiography, okuyinto kakhulu amathuba ukuthola izinqubo anomdlavuza.

Wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, kukhona ingxoxo asebenzayo nocwaningo izidakamizwa ekwelapheni umdlavuza. Ngeshwa, imithi akakamtholi indlela kuphela ukwelapha kulezi ziguli. Ngoba ngemva ukuthola izinqubo anomdlavuza Kwenziwa usebenzisa ukuphathwa eziyinkimbinkimbi nge ukwelashwa ngemisebe, chemotherapy kanye namasu kuhlinzwa.

• Kushisa bhé kule ndawo yokwelapha umdlavuza iziguli: isimiso salesi kwelashwa ukuzwela anda amaseli sokugembula ukuze ionizing emisebeni. Ngemva le nqubo amaseli kwenzeka iziguli ne ngokuguqula izakhi, futhi ziyafa. Ukwelashwa aluboniswa ngokwengeziwe ezinganeni ngoba ziningi kangakanani ezitokisini zabo kukhona lusesesigabeni ukuthuthukiswa futhi kukhona Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu emisebeni. Ezinye izinhlobo umdlavuza wamaphaphu ziphathwa ngempumelelo ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• umphumela Chemotherapeutic ku amangqamuzana omdlavuza banolaka kakhulu, futhi yokufeza inqubo eziboiswa izigaba eziphambili, uma kakade musa asize ezinye izinhlobo yokwelapha abantu abanomdlavuza. I umthamo zikhethwa isisindo isiguli, uhlobo isimila, isikhundla salo futhi ngezimo zesiguli. Hlanganisa izidakamizwa ezahlukene benethonya kakhulu amaseli lwesimila.
• Ngu asesebenzisa ukuhlinzwa kaningi, njengoba lena esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa indlela. I kwelashwa ukususa kokugqashuka isifo. Kodwa inqubo kuhlinzwa kuyoba ayizwakali kwenzeka ukuthi isidumbu njengoba ebeseke wavela metastases.

izinhlobo Sinzima kanye oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza, ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, abakwazi njalo ingelapheka. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa yesondlo isetshenziswa, kodwa amathuba ukuthi isiguli bayosinda, ambalwa kakhulu.