Izinhlobo hormone womuntu kanye nemisebenzi yabo. Kuhlatiya hormone

Umzimba womuntu - kuyinto uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto wenza isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa imisebenzi. A indima ebalulekile enhlanganweni efanele yomzimba womuntu-hormone play ukusebenza. Ingabe yelikhono izinqubo kwamakhemikhali, okuyinto akhiqizwa nezindlala endocrine. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene hormone, futhi ngamunye kubo has a umsebenzi othize.

Ukwahlukaniswa hormone

Kuye isakhiwo sazo sekhemikhali, ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo hormone. Amaphrotheni-peptide iqembu ihlanganisa izimfihlo yalezi nezindlala njengoba pituitary ngxenye, amahomoni pancreatic futhi parathyroid. Ukuze lolu hlobo eyakhe futhi calcitonin, okuyinto kuveza indlala yegilo. acid acid ahlobene kufakwe iqembu lesibili (norepinephrine futhi epinephrine-thyroxine, njll). Kunezinhlobo hormone steroid. Basuke kwemiqondo ngokuyinhloko gonads, futhi indlala adrenal (i-estrogen, progesterone). Kuthiwa ama-hormone lokuqala amaqembu amabili ikakhulu obangela izinqubo umzimba emzimbeni wethu. hormone steroid ukulawula izinhlobo efanayo ngokomzimba kanye nenqubo ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Kuye indlela isignali ukudluliswa amaseli uketshezi, ukuhlukanisa hormone lipophilic futhi hydrophilic. Eyokuqala kalula ukungena ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi cell ku-nucleus yayo. Lesi sakamuva unamathela receptor phezu kwalesi sakhi kwesakhiwo, uthome zamagama okuthiwa balamuli yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi hormone hydrophilic kuthiwa zithutha ngemithambo yegazi futhi bophezela amaprotheni alo lipophilic nokunye zithutha.

uhlelo endocrine

Ngakho kuyinto isethi wonke izindlala futhi izitho zomzimba womuntu ukuthi secrete izingxenye ezithile eziphila abakhuthele - hormone. Endocrine uhlelo unesibopho izinqubo eziningi, ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa evamile umzimba. Ilawula zamakhemikhali eziningi kakhulu ukukhiqiza amandla kuthinta isimo psycho-ngokomzwelo umuntu. Ngu ohlelweni endocrine zihlanganisa ndlala, parathyroid, amanyikwe, pituitary kanye indlala pineal, izindlala adrenal, ngxenye. Lihlanganisa futhi izitho ezifana testes, amaqanda. Zonke hormone isinyathelo ngqo igazi noma i-lymph. Noma yimuphi ukungasebenzi ohlelweni endocrine kungabangela izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo (isifo sikashukela, isimila izinqubo, ukukhuluphala, Hyper kanye hypothyroidism
).

hormone Tissue, izinhlobo zazo kanye nemisebenzi

Lolu hlobo lwe-hormone ekhiqizwa kwezicubu zomzimba, nethonya lazo ngokuvamile zendawo. Ngezinye izikhathi, la ma-hormone Ungafaka egazini. Histamine - ikhemikhali ulingisa indima enkulu okuvela komzimba. Lapho asebenzayo, kudala vasodilation futhi kwandisa permeability yabo. Histamine futhi kusiza ukunciphisa imisipha ye emathunjini, kungabangela zibe bronchi. Serotonin has isenzo: constrict izitsha, permeability yabo incipha. Futhi kubizwa i-hormone injabulo. Uma ukuthuthukiswa yayo kuyinto evamile, umuntu ajabule, azizwa kuqubule amandla. Futhi histamine, serotonin, futhi babehileleke ukudluliselwa amaza ebuchosheni. Kinins - nangenye hormone izicubu. izinhlobo yabo nemisebenzi zimi kanje. Nanopeptid, kallidin, T-kinin, bradykinin (kwehlisa umfutho wegazi) - bonke kokuthola emgudwini wegazi, okubangela izimpawu ukuvuvukala. La ma-hormone zinengxenye ukulawulwa kwegazi. Esinye isigaba eziphila abakhuthele izimfihlo izicubu - prostaglandins. Ingathinta imisipha abushelelezi izitho, ukunciphisa uketshezi of juice esiswini. Control cell division izinto ezifana chalones. Olunye uhlobo lwama-hormone izicubu - gastrin, secretin.

Indlala yegilo. Izinhlobo hormone nemisebenzi yabo

Lokhu umzimba has ukuma uvemvane futhi itholakala entanyeni (ngaphambili). Isisindo elincane yayo - amagremu angu-20. WokuLawula umsebenzi zocansi (reproduction), isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, izinqubo umzimba, ukugcina esimweni esejwayelekile psycho-ngokomzwelo - konke lokhu kulawulwa hormone. Izinhlobo elandelayo yabo. Thyroxine, triiodothyronine - kakhulu izimfihlo kubalulekile empilweni yomuntu. Ngenxa yaleso kwamiswa bona, kumelwe abe eyanele iodine. Isenzo la ma-hormone zifana, kodwa triiodothyronine zimatasa ngaso. Okokuqala, lezi izinto zinengxenye umzimba amandla. Futhi kuthinte senhliziyo esilimele, amathumbu, isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Futhi, lezi zinhlobo hormone iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni wonke umzimba, nokuvuthwa kwesimiso sokuzala. Calcitonin unesibopho ezingeni le-calcium egazini, kanye nekugubha amanzi-electrolyte umzimba. ukukhiqizwa ezinganele ka -hormone yegilo kuholela ukukhathala womuntu okusheshayo, ukucobeka, zonke izinqubo umzimba kuthiwa ehlile. Uma lakhicitwe okwedlula, kungenzeka ukuba agcine umsebenzi futhi excitability ngokweqile.

Ukuhlaziywa hormone oveza yegilo

Uma umuntu oye wabona izinguquko ezifana isisindo iyehla iyenyuka (noma iqoqo abukhali kwesisindo), izinkinga ne isifiso sobulili, ukumisa zokwehlukaniswa, ukuthuthukiswa imisiwe (ngokwengqondo) e izingane, qiniseka ukuba linqume ukuhlolwa igazi-hormone ekhiqizwa indlala yegilo. Ukuze kwezidingo zayo kufanele uzilungiselele ngendlela ekhethekile. Kungcono nomkhawulo noma yimuphi umsebenzi ngokomzimba ngayizolo isivivinyo. Kubalulekile ukuqeda utshwala, ikhofi, ugwayi (ngisho usuku olulodwa). Igazi izibonelo zalokho okwenzeka ekuseni, esiswini esingenalutho. Ama-hormone egilo kungenziwa etholakala isimo lesibopho futhi mahhala. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi izifundo anqume inani thyroxine khulula, triiodothyronine khulula, thyrotropin, kanye nezinga amasosha yegilo peroxidase, thyroglobulin. Njengomthetho, isifundo kuthatha usuku olulodwa. Kuye imiphumela eyatholakala sikwazi ukukhuluma isifo esithile.

indlala Parathyroid futhi izimfihlakalo zayo

Uma uyikha phezulu le ngemuva indlala yegilo ezincane, okuyinto ubizwa nangokuthi parathyroid. Basuke abahileleke ngokuqondile exchange of calcium ne phosphorus emzimbeni. Kuye umuntu othize, yensimbi kungenzeka anezikhala-hlobo, alveolar noma njengendlela mass esiqinile. It synthesizes i-hormone parathyroid, okuyinto, efana calcitonin uhlanganyela calcium umzimba. Kuthinta ke kanye nohlaka lwamathambo, amathumbu, nezinso. Uma sinqamukile ukukhiqizwa hormone parathyroid, kungase kube nokuphazamiseka engqondweni, izinkinga ithambo, calcification kwezitho zangaphakathi, kwakheka imithambo yegazi. Lapho gipoparaterioze avele imisipha amajaqamba, kwenhliziyo ophilisayo, kungase kube nekhanda. Uma une lezi zimpawu kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa igazi for i-hormone parathyroid. Iningi lawo abantu okuqukethwe kwandisa ezingeni le-calcium egazini, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kubangela ithambo fragility.

Ama-hormone ekhiqizwa nezindlala adrenal

Adrenal - pair of izidumbu zazo achithayo ngonyaka phezulu izinso. Lezi zinhlobo hormone nemisebenzi yabo zimi kanje. Cortex nezindlala ukhiqiza izinto okuyinto lokulawula exchange kwezakhi namaminerali. Futhi, lolu hlobo lwama-hormone ukulawula ezingeni glucose. Brain Ball adrenal synthesizes epinephrine futhi norepinephrine. Ngokuvamile, lakhicitwe nge ukuqhuma ezinamandla ezingokomzwelo (kokwesaba, ingozi). Lapho ama-hormone idatha faka igazi, kukhuphuke blood pressure, kwenhliziyo ophilisayo, kwandisa excitability yokwamukela izitho ekuzweni. Ngakho, umzimba silungiselela wokuyisa esimweni esicindezelayo. I nezindlala adrenal ukukhiqiza ama-hormone glucocorticoid (cortisol) elawula umzimba carbohydrate. okuhlushwa kangakanani kuncike ekutheni isikhathi sosuku: lemali cortisol siyenzeka cishe 6 ezimpondweni. Kuthiwa ama-hormone mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) uqondise usawoti exchange. Siyabonga kubo, uketshezi wasigcina emzimbeni. Futhi isehlane androgens adrenal ezifana androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Bona lokulawula nezindlala sebaceous yakha libido. Ekuhlaziyeni igazi amahomoni adrenal level ukuphenya i-DEA. High wokuqukethwe ikani ukutholakala ndlala izimila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokweqile le hormone kuholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (kwesisu, umntwana ukungondleki nezinkinga placenta). Uma kukhona izikhalazo mayelana anda izinwele ukukhula ngaphambi ukuthomba, iziyaluyalu kokuya esikhathini, ukuba buthakathaka kwezicubu - kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa igazi for cortisol.

Amanyikwe. Izinhlobo hormone nemisebenzi yabo

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile kwamanyikwe iye bahileleke izinqubo of kokudla esiswini, ke nayo yenza amahomoni ezibalulekile ukuze kwendikimba evamile. Bonke iwe ngqo igazi lomuntu. Lokhu umzimba ukhiqiza lezi zinhlobo hormone: insulin, c-peptide, glucagon. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-insulin - ulungisa ezingeni ushukela. Uma ukwephula ka zamagama alo izinqubo zingase ukuthuthukisa sikashukela. Insulin futhi kuthinta nokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana eselaphayo yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini, izinga le-estrogen zamagama. Kungenzeka emzimbeni ifomu mahhala futhi lesibopho. Uma inani insulin alwanele, inqubo zokuguqula glucose amanoni glycogen siphukile. Ngakho umzimba kungaba buthelela ubuthi (isb, acetone). Glucagon - futhi enqala futhi emzimbeni wethu. Owenza usebenze inqubo lipolysis, kwandisa emazingeni igazi glucose. Futhi nalo sehlise izinga le-calcium egazini phosphorus. Izinhlobo pancreatic-hormone okuthiwa i isinyathelo kukhona eduze kuhlobene. Siyabonga ethonyeni lawo ahlangene kuqinisekiswa ezingeni elikhulu glucose.

Imisebenzi yama-hormone pituitary

Pituitary - ndlala endocrine, esakhiwa phambi kanye nengxenye misa, futhi ingxenye therebetween encane. Umzimba ukala amagremu 0.5 kuphela, kodwa imisebenzi abazenzi sasivumela ezibalulekile. Indlala pituitary synthesizes lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo hormone womuntu. nesiyaluyalu esaba Adrenocorticotropic kuvusa cortex adrenal. Kuphinde kube nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-melanin. Luteinizing i-hormone kuthinta ekusebenzeni kahle kwesimiso sokuzala. Ngenxa kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, ekhishwa androgens. Ukulawulwa kwendlala yegilo i-hormone uketshezi uhlela yegilo eziphila izinto asebenzayo. Somatotropin iye bahileleke ukukhula umzimba kanye zamagama amaprotheni. Iphinde kungathinta ezingeni glucose, lipids kwamazinyo. Lokhu hormone obhekene nentuthuko evamile ngokomzimba zomzimba womuntu. Ukwandisa izinga yayo kuholela gigantism. Uma ozokusebenzisa ingezansi evamile (ezinganeni), i-ubambezela uyalandelwa. By the way, tinhlobo letehlukene ozokusebenzisa (zokwenziwa) ekwelapheni ukubhasha komzimba, ukwandisa mass abasubathi. Prolactin - hormone main ababenyathelisa ubisi kwabesifazane. Futhi, sibonga isizukulwane yayo ngesikhathi ibele akakulandeli sokukhulelwa kwenzeka. I Lobe phakathi ikhiqizwa melanotropin. Posterior Lobe ukhiqiza lezi zinhlobo hormone womuntu ezifana oxytocin, vasopressin. Eyokuqala ikhuthaza Kufinyeta kwesibeletho, kukhona ukukhiqizwa colostrum. Vasopressin kuvusa imisipha kwezitho ezifana amathumbu, kwesibeletho, kwakheka imithambo yegazi.

Gonads

Amaqanda futhi testes ukukhiqiza ama-hormone ocansini. Izinhlobo elandelayo yabo. Okokuqala, bona zihlukaniswe owesilisa nowesifazane. Nokho, amanani amancane kungenzeka khona, futhi kwabaningi bobulili obuhlukile. Izinhlobo hormone wesilisa: testosterone, androsterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenediol. Bonke ahlinzeke ukuthuthukiswa izici bobulili njengendlela zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga labo akakubekezeleli kunyakaza enjalo kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane izimfihlo. Ngenxa testosterone eheha ukukhiqizwa koketshezi kwesidoda, eliqhutshwa abobulili obuhlukile. Futhi ngokukhethekile athuthukile imisipha, skeleton, kukhona isici owesilisa ukukhwela kwezwi. Ezinye izinhlobo hormone steroid (isib, DHT) ahlinzeke ukuziphatha besilisa, kanye isici ukubukeka: izinwele ukukhula ezindaweni ezithile isakhiwo umzimba. Izinhlobo hormone zesifazane yilezi: progesterone, i-estrogen, prolactin (indlala pituitary).
Progesterone kuveza luteum Corpus. Leli insimbi emva nge-ovulation. It wenza imisebenzi elandelayo: kunomthelela ekwandeni kwesibeletho, kwenza kube nokwenzeka esibelethweni (avundiswa) kuzolungiswa e ingaphakathi layo. Progesterone silungiselela owesifazane lapho ekhulelwa nakho kunomthelela ingane esindayo. Uma inani le-hormone akwanele, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uwubufakazi sinqamukile, lapho kungenzeka ukopha. Wahlushwa amazinga aphansi progesterone futhi isimo esingokomzwelo: njengoba umthetho, owesifazane abaphethwe okungazelelwe lokhu kushintshashintsha kwemizwa. i-hormone Ukwandiswa ezingeni kungase kubonise noma ukukhulelwa noma mayelana umdlavuza. Estrogen - ezithile hormone abesifazane. Lezi zihlanganisa estradiol, estrone, estriol. Lezi izinto banesibopho kumiswa insikazi uhlobo sibalo, ngcono isikhumba ithoni bese kuyaqina. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ama-hormone lokhu uhlobo nesandla ukugeleza kokuya esikhathini. Futhi ukuvikela imithambo yegazi ukwenyuka kwezinga lipid qwembe laba kanjani nesandla ekukhuleni ithambo izicubu, uyephuza ke calcium, phosphorus. Lapho izinga estrogen alwanele, kukhona iphethini abesilisa umzimba izinwele, isikhumba ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuqongelela isisindo okweqile lapho esiswini, okhalweni, amathambo abe siphuka kalula.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokuqukethwe hormone ocansini

Kuhlatiya hormone futhi zihlanganisa igazi ukuhlaziywa ekuqukethe izimfihlo ngokobulili. Yabela ke, uma kukhona izifo ezinjalo kube izinkinga Kokuya esikhathini :., ukungakwazi ukuba akhulelwe ingane, ukukhulelwa kwesisu njll Abesilisa azihlole kuboniswa ezimeni isimila esolwa icubungula nenzalo. Igazi kufanele uthathe ekuseni, awukwazi ukudla phambi kwalo. Ngobusuku obandulela kuwufanele give up nogwayi notshwala, ukuzivocavoca. Owesifazane kufanele ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele ukunikeza isampula legazi, njengoba izinga lama-hormone incike usuku umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sitadisha izibonisi eziningana. Okuqukethwe i-hormone follicle-inkanuko e inombolo enkulu kubonisa okuvela kuyo nge-ovulation. In amadoda, i-hormone ikhuthaza ekukhuleni tubules seminiferous futhi kuthinte lokuhlushwa testosterone. Ngo sitholakele ukungazali ibheka lyuteinizirueschemu hormone. Ngo abesifazane, ke unesibopho nokuvuthwa we follicle, nge-ovulation, kumiswa indlala ezifana luteum Corpus. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuba akhulelwe ukuhlola izinkomba hormone follicle-kuqabula futhi lyuteinizirueschego ku eziyinkimbinkimbi. It kwenziwe ukuhlolwa igazi khona ethile prolactin. Esimeni nge-ovulation ukuhlasela nzima. Naye wafundelwa igazi testosterone. Kuyinto samanje emzimbeni e zabo bobubili ubulili. Uma ukusebenza kwakhe ingezansi evamile ezingabantu, ikhwalithi isidoda liwohloka. Futhi, kuzoba nomthelela potency. Ngo abesifazane, testosterone ngokweqile kungabangela ukuchitheka kwesisu.