Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi umkhaza - izindlela ukulawula. Olwenziwa wazizwa yamagilebhisi, uphawu

Amagilebhisi, njenganoma iyiphi enye izitshalo horticultural, abathintekayo yizilwanyana eziwuhlupho bese izinambuzane eziwuhlupho. Ngakho, ngo-ezithelo, amahlumela namaqabunga zalesi sihlahla zingatholakala aphid, mabhungane, namazeze, futhi-60 izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene izibungu. Kodwa avame ezindaweni nezasemalokishini izingadi lapho umvini ikhula, ezivamile yamagilebhisi ngomnikelo omncane. Izindlela zokubhekana nayo lesi silwanyana silula. On kubo sizobe ukumboza kulesi sihloko.

Hlangana wazizwa ngomnikelo omncane noma umkhaza

Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi olwenziwa - eziyingozi amagciwane isinambuzane ophila zomvini ezikhulayo yonke indawo. Found e-Afrika, i-Nyakatfo Melika, futhi Central ne-Southern Europe. Silele ukufihla ikakhulukazi cortex (uma kukhona ufa) e izinso ishq namaqabunga liwile. Sekukonke, omunye izinso onesifo esinjalo ahlale 1000 imikhaza (ikakhulukazi female).

Njengoba zokuzikhukhumeza, aqhakaze yamagilebhisi umkhaza iyiswe amaqabunga iqala zidla isitshalo ubisi. Nakuba ukudla ezinambuzaneni ukukhishwa ngamathe, equkethe ikhemikhali ikhuthaza ukukhula nokuhlukana kwamangqamuzana. Ngenxa yalokho, it enzyme ukuxhumana ngqo amagilebhisi amahlamvu kuholele foliar isakhiwo ukusonteka. ukuhlukumeza okunjalo isakhiwo uboniswa ngendlela ezinkulu nezincane okusaqanda bubble-amashashazi ivela ohlangothini elingaphandle leaf.

Ohlangothini engaphakathi amahlamvu, le ngomnikelo omncane ethintekile livela uhlobo enamathela emhlophe efana wawungathi Fluffy. Ekuqaleni enamathela okunjalo coloration beige noma amhlophe. Kamuva, ziba bomvu futhi ngezinye izikhathi elinsundu.

Kusho umkhaza kanjani yamagilebhisi?

Awu cabanga zudnya nqunu Ilihlo cishe engenakwenzeka, kusukela olwenziwa wazizwa yamagilebhisi lincane kakhulu. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye ukwanda okuphindaphindiwe kuyabonakala ukuthi umzimba umkhaza ufana nokukhanya noma aphuzi isibungu worm. Ubude nabesifazane oluhambisana 0.16-0.20 mm, futhi owesilisa - 0.14 mm. Insect esiswini ine bristles ezincane eziningi ngesikhathi izindandatho front futhi bakhulise nge ameva futhi umzimba phakathi.

I olwenziwa besifazane uyakwazi ukukhiqiza kufika ku 7-12 izizukulwane izinambuzane nonyaka. amaqanda nomnikelo omncane akheke esobala, i kobujamo obusaqanda, kanye nosayizi yabo 0.038 x 0.058 mm. Thola amaqanda isinambuzane, njengaye, kungashiwo kumkhukhumezile nezinso enamathela elimhlophe ohlangothini reverse amaqabunga utheleleke.

Indlela umkhaza yingozi ukuvuna amagilebhisi?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi amagilebhisi akushiyela umkhaza uyakwazi ukuhambisa esibelethweni abasha, amahlumela nezimbali amagilebhisi. Ngenxa yalokho, abathintekayo kwezinye izingxenye umvini. Uma isikhathi alibheki ezindaweni ezithintekile lezithelo zomvini, igcwele ukufa kwakhe kanye nokwehla isivuno jikelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhaza yalolu hlobo uyakwazi ngokudlulisela enobungozi amagciwane amagilebhisi, kubathinta ezithinta yokuvuthwa izithelo, isimo impande, amahlamvu, okwagcina kungaholela ekufeni umvini.

Kanjani ukushaya amaqabunga yamagilebhisi abathintekayo?

Ukuze ubone ukuthi umkhaza kwamagilebhisi leaf izitshalo zakho engadini wamshaya, kufanele sinake amahlamvu. Ngakho kubalulekile ukuba sibheke ohlangothini reverse of the amahlamvu, njengoba phambi ingxenye esigabeni sokuqala ukutheleleka ayinakho ukusonteka ezibukwayo ngesimo hillocks lumpy. Nokho, umuntu angabona ukuqaphela yesibili umkhaza isisekelo - by khona elimhlophe terry koqweqwe underside ishidi.

Lokho kuyinto: uphawu noma isikhutha?

izimpawu kokuqala olwenziwa KWAMAGUNDANE e amagilebhisi ngokuvamile uqondane izimpawu nezinye izilokazane. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvamile ngomnikelo omncane ingase kudidaniswe isikhutha. Khumbula, lokhu kahle ezingemnandi futhi iyingozi ngoba isifo isitshalo fungal. Ngokolwazi wokulungiselela, kwathiwa ngephutha amazwe eFrance usuka Melika ekuqaleni 1878. Kusukela lapho-ke Kancane kancane wawuvula ezivinini kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

Uma banake isikhutha amagilebhisi utheleleke, izifo leaf plan onjalo hit ingxenye engenhla nengezansi kubo. Phezu kobuso kwamahlamvu ngaleyo ndlela angabonwa isici aphuzi usayizi indawo ye penny noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kukhona amahlamvu kuyabonakala fluff emhlophe - mycelium. Kungenxa yokuthi balimi wakhe abangenalwazi ukubeka "ukuxilongwa okungalungile". Sazi kanjani ukucacisa - uphawu lokhu isimemezelo noma isikhunta?

Thola uhlobo nemiphumela yisinanakazana phezu isitshalo kungenzeka ngezenzo elula. Ngakho, uma uchitha iminwe yakho kwakheka phezu engezansi iqabunga impukane mhlophe, ayosuswa, khona-ke kungenzeka ekubhekaneni isikhutha. Uma Nokho, phansi akuyona kusulwe izenzo ezinjalo, kuba nomnikelo omncane amagilebhisi. Izindlela zokubhekana nayo lesi silwanyana, sizoxoxa ngokwengeziwe.

Indlela ukuhlukanisa yamagilebhisi olwenziwa ku leaf phylloxera?

Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi umkhaza - amagciwane, nakho kungenziwa kalula kudidaniswe phylloxera, aphid noma ishidi. Ngaphambili, walethwa kusukela Melika, futhi siqala izivini European. Okwamanje aphid ngokukhetha libhekisela ukudla ayo futhi lukhetha kuxazululwe on amaqabunga izinhlobo ikakhulukazi Asian futhi zaseYurophu lamagilebhisi. Ngakho, leaf phylloxera wamshaya yamagilebhisi izinhlobo ezifana White-pink, e-Altai ezimhlophe, damask rose, Dubinushka nabanye. Futhi, aphid kungase kuvele ezinye izinhlobo zawo American lamagilebhisi. Yini benze aphid kanye izimbuzane?

Ngaphezu njengabaphakathi kwalabo ukuhlaselwa kokubili ngamagilebhisi liyisibusiso amagciwane, isifo yalolu hlobo amahlamvu abe ezinye izici ezifanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-ukunqotshwa izibungu, futhi aphid ku yamagilebhisi eshiya ungabona izigaba zikhubazekile, afana amabhamuza noma Bubbles. Lezi ukuvuvukala okubizwa ngokuthi galls. Futhi kulezi izibungu ukuthuthukisa Phylloxera. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amabhamuza akhiwa hhayi kuphela amaqabunga, kodwa futhi kwi neziqu, cuttings, kanye izimpondo.

Ngokungafani aphid uphawu amafomu zikanokusho futhi distention ezingavamile. Ngo phylloxera zingabantu njalo ezengeziwe futhi ezinkulu, efana amabhamuza noma warts. Uma wayefisa, lokhu kungaba amandla ukuze akuqede ngeminwe yakho.

Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi ngomnikelo omncane: izindlela ukulawula

Ukuze ukubabulala umkhaza, kufanele ubhekane naso ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. Nokho, lapho yinkimbinkimbi kokuyenga isinambuzane ukuthi luhlala ohlangothini reverse of the sheet hhayi ubuso bayo. Ngakho-ke, usebenzisa amakhemikhali ezikhethekile, kubalulekile ukuba fafaza amahlamvu ohlangothini emuva. Abalimi abanolwazi ukutusa ukusetshenziswa le njongo nesibabule colloidal.

Lokhu kuzodinga cishe 10-50 amagremu sulphur. Ungasebenzisa futhi lezi izidakamizwa nokugqwala ngomnikelo omncane, njengoba "Fufanon", "Neoron", "Malathion", "Tiovit-Jet", "Fyori", "Talstar", "Kinmiks", "Omayt", "Vertimek", "aktellik "nabanye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinso abangazange okwamanje kudalulwe kudingekile fafaza isixazululo buhlanjululwe ngamanzi, "nitrofen" ezimali ye 200 yamakhemikhali ibhakede lamanzi ngalinye. Luphinde Kunconywa ukusingatha eziqhakaza efihlekile. Lokhu arcade kwenziwa ngesikhathi edonsa nezinso. Ngalesi sikhathi, efinyelela ubude mayelana 4-6 cm. Yiphathe kubo Kunconywa isixazululo nesibabule. It is kuphekwe 100 g of material ibhakede lamanzi.

Singakanani isikhathi kuyadingeka ukucubungula amagilebhisi?

Icubungula amagilebhisi nezilokazane nezifo ukuba lusebenze kuncike degree ukutheleleka izitshalo, kanye ezihlukahlukene izifo kanye izinambuzane ngokwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze ulondoloze amagilebhisi olwenziwa kulandela isicelo ukwelashwa double nge esingaba okuyisibonelo izinsuku 10-12 of.

Futhi imiphumela emihle, kuwufanele angishayele kabili ngosuku ukwelapha amahlamvu yamagilebhisi nhlangothi zombili. Kunconywe sishaye isikhathi - 10:00 (kuqala) kanye 22:00 (wesibili).

Izinyathelo ukuze silwe izibungu engadini

Ukucubungula amagilebhisi nezilokazane nezifo - lena iphuzu elibalulekile e ukususa nokugqwala ngomnikelo omncane. Nokho, kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunoMbuso zokuvimbela ngesikhathi esifanele yokungenwa yizifo ngokucindezela silwanyana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, silula. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqapha lapho kubhujiswa lesi amaqabunga ekwindla kanye amahlumela ezilahliwe yamagilebhisi imivini. Okwesibili, njengoba izinyathelo zokuvimbela yanconywa hot isikhathi ehlobo kucutshungulwa amagilebhisi amalungiselelo ezifana "BI-58", "Neoron" noma "Akarin".

Yini izinambuzane kuyingozi amagilebhisi?

Ngaphezu lesi silwanyana, efana yamagilebhisi ngomnikelo omncane (izindlela zokubhekana nayo, siye echazwe ngenhla), inganqotshwa nezinye izinambuzane engadini. Omunye isinambuzane okunyanyekayo kakhulu futhi singathandeki kuyinto leaf beetle, zigcwele noma amagilebhisi. Kuyingozi ngoba, ngaphezu amagilebhisi, kuyinto engakwenqeni inzuzo, kanye nezinye izitshalo.

Ngokubukeka, kubonakala sengathi i-miniature iphela black umbala ne obuphelele umzimba ezithile ezingadluli 3-4,4 mm. Oviparous. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda kanye ibhungane kuvikela kubo ayi-10-30 izingcezu ohlangothini engaphakathi ishidi.

Ukulwisana leaf beetle, kanye umzabalazo yamagilebhisi izibungu ezihlobene ukwelashwa isitshalo izinso nezixazululo ezikhethekile insecticidal. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yale njongo zisebenzisa "Fufanon" futhi "inhlansi."

Eyesibili amagciwane ezinonya sifana butterfly - ibhu yamagilebhisi leaf-yezimayini. Umzimba womuntu ungakwazi bakhiqize bafike ezizukulwaneni ezimbili noma ezintathu isizini ngayinye. It feeds ikakhulu amahlamvu, okuyinto, njengamanye izinambuzane amaqanda. Amaqanda kamuva kukhasa amacimbi elincane ukukhasa emhlabeni azungezwe ishidi futhi usuqalile ukuzithatha ukunyakaza emavesini alo side, ngokuthi emayini. Ukuqeda leli bhu, njengoba umthetho, sebenzisa zinambuzane letindzala. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube "konfidor".

Omunye izinambuzane owaziwa - yamagilebhisi omiyane. Ubukhulu bayo - 2 kuphela mm. Ngu uqobo, umiyane ayiyona ingozi. Letha umonakalo izibungu yayo. Lesi sinambuzane omdala okwazi izikhathi ukubambezeleka kuze kufinyelele amaqanda 100. Ngemva cishe 9-10 izinsuku izibungu ziyaphuma kubo, okuyinto isiqala ngokuhaha kudla emacembe lamagilebhisi. Ezindaweni zokuphila izibungu kwakhiwa borodavkoobraznye ukuvuvukala. Lahla Midge nayo usebenzisa zinambuzane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga, iziqu kanye nezimpande amagilebhisi inganqotshwa nezinye izinambuzane ezifana weevils, borer, leaf izibungu, thrips, mealybugs nezihlonono.